src/glpios08.c
changeset 2 4c8956a7bdf4
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-1:000000000000 0:9f97265dd47f
       
     1 /* glpios08.c (clique cut generator) */
       
     2 
       
     3 /***********************************************************************
       
     4 *  This code is part of GLPK (GNU Linear Programming Kit).
       
     5 *
       
     6 *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
       
     7 *  2009, 2010 Andrew Makhorin, Department for Applied Informatics,
       
     8 *  Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia. All rights reserved.
       
     9 *  E-mail: <mao@gnu.org>.
       
    10 *
       
    11 *  GLPK is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       
    12 *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
       
    13 *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
       
    14 *  (at your option) any later version.
       
    15 *
       
    16 *  GLPK is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
       
    17 *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
       
    18 *  or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
       
    19 *  License for more details.
       
    20 *
       
    21 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
       
    22 *  along with GLPK. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
       
    23 ***********************************************************************/
       
    24 
       
    25 #include "glpios.h"
       
    26 
       
    27 static double get_row_lb(LPX *lp, int i)
       
    28 {     /* this routine returns lower bound of row i or -DBL_MAX if the
       
    29          row has no lower bound */
       
    30       double lb;
       
    31       switch (lpx_get_row_type(lp, i))
       
    32       {  case LPX_FR:
       
    33          case LPX_UP:
       
    34             lb = -DBL_MAX;
       
    35             break;
       
    36          case LPX_LO:
       
    37          case LPX_DB:
       
    38          case LPX_FX:
       
    39             lb = lpx_get_row_lb(lp, i);
       
    40             break;
       
    41          default:
       
    42             xassert(lp != lp);
       
    43       }
       
    44       return lb;
       
    45 }
       
    46 
       
    47 static double get_row_ub(LPX *lp, int i)
       
    48 {     /* this routine returns upper bound of row i or +DBL_MAX if the
       
    49          row has no upper bound */
       
    50       double ub;
       
    51       switch (lpx_get_row_type(lp, i))
       
    52       {  case LPX_FR:
       
    53          case LPX_LO:
       
    54             ub = +DBL_MAX;
       
    55             break;
       
    56          case LPX_UP:
       
    57          case LPX_DB:
       
    58          case LPX_FX:
       
    59             ub = lpx_get_row_ub(lp, i);
       
    60             break;
       
    61          default:
       
    62             xassert(lp != lp);
       
    63       }
       
    64       return ub;
       
    65 }
       
    66 
       
    67 static double get_col_lb(LPX *lp, int j)
       
    68 {     /* this routine returns lower bound of column j or -DBL_MAX if
       
    69          the column has no lower bound */
       
    70       double lb;
       
    71       switch (lpx_get_col_type(lp, j))
       
    72       {  case LPX_FR:
       
    73          case LPX_UP:
       
    74             lb = -DBL_MAX;
       
    75             break;
       
    76          case LPX_LO:
       
    77          case LPX_DB:
       
    78          case LPX_FX:
       
    79             lb = lpx_get_col_lb(lp, j);
       
    80             break;
       
    81          default:
       
    82             xassert(lp != lp);
       
    83       }
       
    84       return lb;
       
    85 }
       
    86 
       
    87 static double get_col_ub(LPX *lp, int j)
       
    88 {     /* this routine returns upper bound of column j or +DBL_MAX if
       
    89          the column has no upper bound */
       
    90       double ub;
       
    91       switch (lpx_get_col_type(lp, j))
       
    92       {  case LPX_FR:
       
    93          case LPX_LO:
       
    94             ub = +DBL_MAX;
       
    95             break;
       
    96          case LPX_UP:
       
    97          case LPX_DB:
       
    98          case LPX_FX:
       
    99             ub = lpx_get_col_ub(lp, j);
       
   100             break;
       
   101          default:
       
   102             xassert(lp != lp);
       
   103       }
       
   104       return ub;
       
   105 }
       
   106 
       
   107 static int is_binary(LPX *lp, int j)
       
   108 {     /* this routine checks if variable x[j] is binary */
       
   109       return
       
   110          lpx_get_col_kind(lp, j) == LPX_IV &&
       
   111          lpx_get_col_type(lp, j) == LPX_DB &&
       
   112          lpx_get_col_lb(lp, j) == 0.0 && lpx_get_col_ub(lp, j) == 1.0;
       
   113 }
       
   114 
       
   115 static double eval_lf_min(LPX *lp, int len, int ind[], double val[])
       
   116 {     /* this routine computes the minimum of a specified linear form
       
   117 
       
   118             sum a[j]*x[j]
       
   119              j
       
   120 
       
   121          using the formula:
       
   122 
       
   123             min =   sum   a[j]*lb[j] +   sum   a[j]*ub[j],
       
   124                   j in J+              j in J-
       
   125 
       
   126          where J+ = {j: a[j] > 0}, J- = {j: a[j] < 0}, lb[j] and ub[j]
       
   127          are lower and upper bound of variable x[j], resp. */
       
   128       int j, t;
       
   129       double lb, ub, sum;
       
   130       sum = 0.0;
       
   131       for (t = 1; t <= len; t++)
       
   132       {  j = ind[t];
       
   133          if (val[t] > 0.0)
       
   134          {  lb = get_col_lb(lp, j);
       
   135             if (lb == -DBL_MAX)
       
   136             {  sum = -DBL_MAX;
       
   137                break;
       
   138             }
       
   139             sum += val[t] * lb;
       
   140          }
       
   141          else if (val[t] < 0.0)
       
   142          {  ub = get_col_ub(lp, j);
       
   143             if (ub == +DBL_MAX)
       
   144             {  sum = -DBL_MAX;
       
   145                break;
       
   146             }
       
   147             sum += val[t] * ub;
       
   148          }
       
   149          else
       
   150             xassert(val != val);
       
   151       }
       
   152       return sum;
       
   153 }
       
   154 
       
   155 static double eval_lf_max(LPX *lp, int len, int ind[], double val[])
       
   156 {     /* this routine computes the maximum of a specified linear form
       
   157 
       
   158             sum a[j]*x[j]
       
   159              j
       
   160 
       
   161          using the formula:
       
   162 
       
   163             max =   sum   a[j]*ub[j] +   sum   a[j]*lb[j],
       
   164                   j in J+              j in J-
       
   165 
       
   166          where J+ = {j: a[j] > 0}, J- = {j: a[j] < 0}, lb[j] and ub[j]
       
   167          are lower and upper bound of variable x[j], resp. */
       
   168       int j, t;
       
   169       double lb, ub, sum;
       
   170       sum = 0.0;
       
   171       for (t = 1; t <= len; t++)
       
   172       {  j = ind[t];
       
   173          if (val[t] > 0.0)
       
   174          {  ub = get_col_ub(lp, j);
       
   175             if (ub == +DBL_MAX)
       
   176             {  sum = +DBL_MAX;
       
   177                break;
       
   178             }
       
   179             sum += val[t] * ub;
       
   180          }
       
   181          else if (val[t] < 0.0)
       
   182          {  lb = get_col_lb(lp, j);
       
   183             if (lb == -DBL_MAX)
       
   184             {  sum = +DBL_MAX;
       
   185                break;
       
   186             }
       
   187             sum += val[t] * lb;
       
   188          }
       
   189          else
       
   190             xassert(val != val);
       
   191       }
       
   192       return sum;
       
   193 }
       
   194 
       
   195 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------
       
   196 -- probing - determine logical relation between binary variables.
       
   197 --
       
   198 -- This routine tentatively sets a binary variable to 0 and then to 1
       
   199 -- and examines whether another binary variable is caused to be fixed.
       
   200 --
       
   201 -- The examination is based only on one row (constraint), which is the
       
   202 -- following:
       
   203 --
       
   204 --    L <= sum a[j]*x[j] <= U.                                       (1)
       
   205 --          j
       
   206 --
       
   207 -- Let x[p] be a probing variable, x[q] be an examined variable. Then
       
   208 -- (1) can be written as:
       
   209 --
       
   210 --    L <=   sum  a[j]*x[j] + a[p]*x[p] + a[q]*x[q] <= U,            (2)
       
   211 --         j in J'
       
   212 --
       
   213 -- where J' = {j: j != p and j != q}.
       
   214 --
       
   215 -- Let
       
   216 --
       
   217 --    L' = L - a[p]*x[p],                                            (3)
       
   218 --
       
   219 --    U' = U - a[p]*x[p],                                            (4)
       
   220 --
       
   221 -- where x[p] is assumed to be fixed at 0 or 1. So (2) can be rewritten
       
   222 -- as follows:
       
   223 --
       
   224 --    L' <=   sum  a[j]*x[j] + a[q]*x[q] <= U',                      (5)
       
   225 --          j in J'
       
   226 --
       
   227 -- from where we have:
       
   228 --
       
   229 --    L' -  sum  a[j]*x[j] <= a[q]*x[q] <= U' -  sum  a[j]*x[j].     (6)
       
   230 --        j in J'                              j in J'
       
   231 --
       
   232 -- Thus,
       
   233 --
       
   234 --    min a[q]*x[q] = L' - MAX,                                      (7)
       
   235 --
       
   236 --    max a[q]*x[q] = U' - MIN,                                      (8)
       
   237 --
       
   238 -- where
       
   239 --
       
   240 --    MIN = min  sum  a[j]*x[j],                                     (9)
       
   241 --             j in J'
       
   242 --
       
   243 --    MAX = max  sum  a[j]*x[j].                                    (10)
       
   244 --             j in J'
       
   245 --
       
   246 -- Formulae (7) and (8) allows determining implied lower and upper
       
   247 -- bounds of x[q].
       
   248 --
       
   249 -- Parameters len, val, L and U specify the constraint (1).
       
   250 --
       
   251 -- Parameters lf_min and lf_max specify implied lower and upper bounds
       
   252 -- of the linear form (1). It is assumed that these bounds are computed
       
   253 -- with the routines eval_lf_min and eval_lf_max (see above).
       
   254 --
       
   255 -- Parameter p specifies the probing variable x[p], which is set to 0
       
   256 -- (if set is 0) or to 1 (if set is 1).
       
   257 --
       
   258 -- Parameter q specifies the examined variable x[q].
       
   259 --
       
   260 -- On exit the routine returns one of the following codes:
       
   261 --
       
   262 -- 0 - there is no logical relation between x[p] and x[q];
       
   263 -- 1 - x[q] can take only on value 0;
       
   264 -- 2 - x[q] can take only on value 1. */
       
   265 
       
   266 static int probing(int len, double val[], double L, double U,
       
   267       double lf_min, double lf_max, int p, int set, int q)
       
   268 {     double temp;
       
   269       xassert(1 <= p && p < q && q <= len);
       
   270       /* compute L' (3) */
       
   271       if (L != -DBL_MAX && set) L -= val[p];
       
   272       /* compute U' (4) */
       
   273       if (U != +DBL_MAX && set) U -= val[p];
       
   274       /* compute MIN (9) */
       
   275       if (lf_min != -DBL_MAX)
       
   276       {  if (val[p] < 0.0) lf_min -= val[p];
       
   277          if (val[q] < 0.0) lf_min -= val[q];
       
   278       }
       
   279       /* compute MAX (10) */
       
   280       if (lf_max != +DBL_MAX)
       
   281       {  if (val[p] > 0.0) lf_max -= val[p];
       
   282          if (val[q] > 0.0) lf_max -= val[q];
       
   283       }
       
   284       /* compute implied lower bound of x[q]; see (7), (8) */
       
   285       if (val[q] > 0.0)
       
   286       {  if (L == -DBL_MAX || lf_max == +DBL_MAX)
       
   287             temp = -DBL_MAX;
       
   288          else
       
   289             temp = (L - lf_max) / val[q];
       
   290       }
       
   291       else
       
   292       {  if (U == +DBL_MAX || lf_min == -DBL_MAX)
       
   293             temp = -DBL_MAX;
       
   294          else
       
   295             temp = (U - lf_min) / val[q];
       
   296       }
       
   297       if (temp > 0.001) return 2;
       
   298       /* compute implied upper bound of x[q]; see (7), (8) */
       
   299       if (val[q] > 0.0)
       
   300       {  if (U == +DBL_MAX || lf_min == -DBL_MAX)
       
   301             temp = +DBL_MAX;
       
   302          else
       
   303             temp = (U - lf_min) / val[q];
       
   304       }
       
   305       else
       
   306       {  if (L == -DBL_MAX || lf_max == +DBL_MAX)
       
   307             temp = +DBL_MAX;
       
   308          else
       
   309             temp = (L - lf_max) / val[q];
       
   310       }
       
   311       if (temp < 0.999) return 1;
       
   312       /* there is no logical relation between x[p] and x[q] */
       
   313       return 0;
       
   314 }
       
   315 
       
   316 struct COG
       
   317 {     /* conflict graph; it represents logical relations between binary
       
   318          variables and has a vertex for each binary variable and its
       
   319          complement, and an edge between two vertices when at most one
       
   320          of the variables represented by the vertices can equal one in
       
   321          an optimal solution */
       
   322       int n;
       
   323       /* number of variables */
       
   324       int nb;
       
   325       /* number of binary variables represented in the graph (note that
       
   326          not all binary variables can be represented); vertices which
       
   327          correspond to binary variables have numbers 1, ..., nb while
       
   328          vertices which correspond to complements of binary variables
       
   329          have numbers nb+1, ..., nb+nb */
       
   330       int ne;
       
   331       /* number of edges in the graph */
       
   332       int *vert; /* int vert[1+n]; */
       
   333       /* if x[j] is a binary variable represented in the graph, vert[j]
       
   334          is the vertex number corresponding to x[j]; otherwise vert[j]
       
   335          is zero */
       
   336       int *orig; /* int list[1:nb]; */
       
   337       /* if vert[j] = k > 0, then orig[k] = j */
       
   338       unsigned char *a;
       
   339       /* adjacency matrix of the graph having 2*nb rows and columns;
       
   340          only strict lower triangle is stored in dense packed form */
       
   341 };
       
   342 
       
   343 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------
       
   344 -- lpx_create_cog - create the conflict graph.
       
   345 --
       
   346 -- SYNOPSIS
       
   347 --
       
   348 -- #include "glplpx.h"
       
   349 -- void *lpx_create_cog(LPX *lp);
       
   350 --
       
   351 -- DESCRIPTION
       
   352 --
       
   353 -- The routine lpx_create_cog creates the conflict graph for a given
       
   354 -- problem instance.
       
   355 --
       
   356 -- RETURNS
       
   357 --
       
   358 -- If the graph has been created, the routine returns a pointer to it.
       
   359 -- Otherwise the routine returns NULL. */
       
   360 
       
   361 #define MAX_NB 4000
       
   362 #define MAX_ROW_LEN 500
       
   363 
       
   364 static void lpx_add_cog_edge(void *_cog, int i, int j);
       
   365 
       
   366 static void *lpx_create_cog(LPX *lp)
       
   367 {     struct COG *cog = NULL;
       
   368       int m, n, nb, i, j, p, q, len, *ind, *vert, *orig;
       
   369       double L, U, lf_min, lf_max, *val;
       
   370       xprintf("Creating the conflict graph...\n");
       
   371       m = lpx_get_num_rows(lp);
       
   372       n = lpx_get_num_cols(lp);
       
   373       /* determine which binary variables should be included in the
       
   374          conflict graph */
       
   375       nb = 0;
       
   376       vert = xcalloc(1+n, sizeof(int));
       
   377       for (j = 1; j <= n; j++) vert[j] = 0;
       
   378       orig = xcalloc(1+n, sizeof(int));
       
   379       ind = xcalloc(1+n, sizeof(int));
       
   380       val = xcalloc(1+n, sizeof(double));
       
   381       for (i = 1; i <= m; i++)
       
   382       {  L = get_row_lb(lp, i);
       
   383          U = get_row_ub(lp, i);
       
   384          if (L == -DBL_MAX && U == +DBL_MAX) continue;
       
   385          len = lpx_get_mat_row(lp, i, ind, val);
       
   386          if (len > MAX_ROW_LEN) continue;
       
   387          lf_min = eval_lf_min(lp, len, ind, val);
       
   388          lf_max = eval_lf_max(lp, len, ind, val);
       
   389          for (p = 1; p <= len; p++)
       
   390          {  if (!is_binary(lp, ind[p])) continue;
       
   391             for (q = p+1; q <= len; q++)
       
   392             {  if (!is_binary(lp, ind[q])) continue;
       
   393                if (probing(len, val, L, U, lf_min, lf_max, p, 0, q) ||
       
   394                    probing(len, val, L, U, lf_min, lf_max, p, 1, q))
       
   395                {  /* there is a logical relation */
       
   396                   /* include the first variable in the graph */
       
   397                   j = ind[p];
       
   398                   if (vert[j] == 0) nb++, vert[j] = nb, orig[nb] = j;
       
   399                   /* incude the second variable in the graph */
       
   400                   j = ind[q];
       
   401                   if (vert[j] == 0) nb++, vert[j] = nb, orig[nb] = j;
       
   402                }
       
   403             }
       
   404          }
       
   405       }
       
   406       /* if the graph is either empty or has too many vertices, do not
       
   407          create it */
       
   408       if (nb == 0 || nb > MAX_NB)
       
   409       {  xprintf("The conflict graph is either empty or too big\n");
       
   410          xfree(vert);
       
   411          xfree(orig);
       
   412          goto done;
       
   413       }
       
   414       /* create the conflict graph */
       
   415       cog = xmalloc(sizeof(struct COG));
       
   416       cog->n = n;
       
   417       cog->nb = nb;
       
   418       cog->ne = 0;
       
   419       cog->vert = vert;
       
   420       cog->orig = orig;
       
   421       len = nb + nb; /* number of vertices */
       
   422       len = (len * (len - 1)) / 2; /* number of entries in triangle */
       
   423       len = (len + (CHAR_BIT - 1)) / CHAR_BIT; /* bytes needed */
       
   424       cog->a = xmalloc(len);
       
   425       memset(cog->a, 0, len);
       
   426       for (j = 1; j <= nb; j++)
       
   427       {  /* add edge between variable and its complement */
       
   428          lpx_add_cog_edge(cog, +orig[j], -orig[j]);
       
   429       }
       
   430       for (i = 1; i <= m; i++)
       
   431       {  L = get_row_lb(lp, i);
       
   432          U = get_row_ub(lp, i);
       
   433          if (L == -DBL_MAX && U == +DBL_MAX) continue;
       
   434          len = lpx_get_mat_row(lp, i, ind, val);
       
   435          if (len > MAX_ROW_LEN) continue;
       
   436          lf_min = eval_lf_min(lp, len, ind, val);
       
   437          lf_max = eval_lf_max(lp, len, ind, val);
       
   438          for (p = 1; p <= len; p++)
       
   439          {  if (!is_binary(lp, ind[p])) continue;
       
   440             for (q = p+1; q <= len; q++)
       
   441             {  if (!is_binary(lp, ind[q])) continue;
       
   442                /* set x[p] to 0 and examine x[q] */
       
   443                switch (probing(len, val, L, U, lf_min, lf_max, p, 0, q))
       
   444                {  case 0:
       
   445                      /* no logical relation */
       
   446                      break;
       
   447                   case 1:
       
   448                      /* x[p] = 0 implies x[q] = 0 */
       
   449                      lpx_add_cog_edge(cog, -ind[p], +ind[q]);
       
   450                      break;
       
   451                   case 2:
       
   452                      /* x[p] = 0 implies x[q] = 1 */
       
   453                      lpx_add_cog_edge(cog, -ind[p], -ind[q]);
       
   454                      break;
       
   455                   default:
       
   456                      xassert(lp != lp);
       
   457                }
       
   458                /* set x[p] to 1 and examine x[q] */
       
   459                switch (probing(len, val, L, U, lf_min, lf_max, p, 1, q))
       
   460                {  case 0:
       
   461                      /* no logical relation */
       
   462                      break;
       
   463                   case 1:
       
   464                      /* x[p] = 1 implies x[q] = 0 */
       
   465                      lpx_add_cog_edge(cog, +ind[p], +ind[q]);
       
   466                      break;
       
   467                   case 2:
       
   468                      /* x[p] = 1 implies x[q] = 1 */
       
   469                      lpx_add_cog_edge(cog, +ind[p], -ind[q]);
       
   470                      break;
       
   471                   default:
       
   472                      xassert(lp != lp);
       
   473                }
       
   474             }
       
   475          }
       
   476       }
       
   477       xprintf("The conflict graph has 2*%d vertices and %d edges\n",
       
   478          cog->nb, cog->ne);
       
   479 done: xfree(ind);
       
   480       xfree(val);
       
   481       return cog;
       
   482 }
       
   483 
       
   484 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------
       
   485 -- lpx_add_cog_edge - add edge to the conflict graph.
       
   486 --
       
   487 -- SYNOPSIS
       
   488 --
       
   489 -- #include "glplpx.h"
       
   490 -- void lpx_add_cog_edge(void *cog, int i, int j);
       
   491 --
       
   492 -- DESCRIPTION
       
   493 --
       
   494 -- The routine lpx_add_cog_edge adds an edge to the conflict graph.
       
   495 -- The edge connects x[i] (if i > 0) or its complement (if i < 0) and
       
   496 -- x[j] (if j > 0) or its complement (if j < 0), where i and j are
       
   497 -- original ordinal numbers of corresponding variables. */
       
   498 
       
   499 static void lpx_add_cog_edge(void *_cog, int i, int j)
       
   500 {     struct COG *cog = _cog;
       
   501       int k;
       
   502       xassert(i != j);
       
   503       /* determine indices of corresponding vertices */
       
   504       if (i > 0)
       
   505       {  xassert(1 <= i && i <= cog->n);
       
   506          i = cog->vert[i];
       
   507          xassert(i != 0);
       
   508       }
       
   509       else
       
   510       {  i = -i;
       
   511          xassert(1 <= i && i <= cog->n);
       
   512          i = cog->vert[i];
       
   513          xassert(i != 0);
       
   514          i += cog->nb;
       
   515       }
       
   516       if (j > 0)
       
   517       {  xassert(1 <= j && j <= cog->n);
       
   518          j = cog->vert[j];
       
   519          xassert(j != 0);
       
   520       }
       
   521       else
       
   522       {  j = -j;
       
   523          xassert(1 <= j && j <= cog->n);
       
   524          j = cog->vert[j];
       
   525          xassert(j != 0);
       
   526          j += cog->nb;
       
   527       }
       
   528       /* only lower triangle is stored, so we need i > j */
       
   529       if (i < j) k = i, i = j, j = k;
       
   530       k = ((i - 1) * (i - 2)) / 2 + (j - 1);
       
   531       cog->a[k / CHAR_BIT] |=
       
   532          (unsigned char)(1 << ((CHAR_BIT - 1) - k % CHAR_BIT));
       
   533       cog->ne++;
       
   534       return;
       
   535 }
       
   536 
       
   537 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------
       
   538 -- MAXIMUM WEIGHT CLIQUE
       
   539 --
       
   540 -- Two subroutines sub() and wclique() below are intended to find a
       
   541 -- maximum weight clique in a given undirected graph. These subroutines
       
   542 -- are slightly modified version of the program WCLIQUE developed by
       
   543 -- Patric Ostergard <http://www.tcs.hut.fi/~pat/wclique.html> and based
       
   544 -- on ideas from the article "P. R. J. Ostergard, A new algorithm for
       
   545 -- the maximum-weight clique problem, submitted for publication", which
       
   546 -- in turn is a generalization of the algorithm for unweighted graphs
       
   547 -- presented in "P. R. J. Ostergard, A fast algorithm for the maximum
       
   548 -- clique problem, submitted for publication".
       
   549 --
       
   550 -- USED WITH PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR OF THE ORIGINAL CODE. */
       
   551 
       
   552 struct dsa
       
   553 {     /* dynamic storage area */
       
   554       int n;
       
   555       /* number of vertices */
       
   556       int *wt; /* int wt[0:n-1]; */
       
   557       /* weights */
       
   558       unsigned char *a;
       
   559       /* adjacency matrix (packed lower triangle without main diag.) */
       
   560       int record;
       
   561       /* weight of best clique */
       
   562       int rec_level;
       
   563       /* number of vertices in best clique */
       
   564       int *rec; /* int rec[0:n-1]; */
       
   565       /* best clique so far */
       
   566       int *clique; /* int clique[0:n-1]; */
       
   567       /* table for pruning */
       
   568       int *set; /* int set[0:n-1]; */
       
   569       /* current clique */
       
   570 };
       
   571 
       
   572 #define n         (dsa->n)
       
   573 #define wt        (dsa->wt)
       
   574 #define a         (dsa->a)
       
   575 #define record    (dsa->record)
       
   576 #define rec_level (dsa->rec_level)
       
   577 #define rec       (dsa->rec)
       
   578 #define clique    (dsa->clique)
       
   579 #define set       (dsa->set)
       
   580 
       
   581 #if 0
       
   582 static int is_edge(struct dsa *dsa, int i, int j)
       
   583 {     /* if there is arc (i,j), the routine returns true; otherwise
       
   584          false; 0 <= i, j < n */
       
   585       int k;
       
   586       xassert(0 <= i && i < n);
       
   587       xassert(0 <= j && j < n);
       
   588       if (i == j) return 0;
       
   589       if (i < j) k = i, i = j, j = k;
       
   590       k = (i * (i - 1)) / 2 + j;
       
   591       return a[k / CHAR_BIT] &
       
   592          (unsigned char)(1 << ((CHAR_BIT - 1) - k % CHAR_BIT));
       
   593 }
       
   594 #else
       
   595 #define is_edge(dsa, i, j) ((i) == (j) ? 0 : \
       
   596       (i) > (j) ? is_edge1(i, j) : is_edge1(j, i))
       
   597 #define is_edge1(i, j) is_edge2(((i) * ((i) - 1)) / 2 + (j))
       
   598 #define is_edge2(k) (a[(k) / CHAR_BIT] & \
       
   599       (unsigned char)(1 << ((CHAR_BIT - 1) - (k) % CHAR_BIT)))
       
   600 #endif
       
   601 
       
   602 static void sub(struct dsa *dsa, int ct, int table[], int level,
       
   603       int weight, int l_weight)
       
   604 {     int i, j, k, curr_weight, left_weight, *p1, *p2, *newtable;
       
   605       newtable = xcalloc(n, sizeof(int));
       
   606       if (ct <= 0)
       
   607       {  /* 0 or 1 elements left; include these */
       
   608          if (ct == 0)
       
   609          {  set[level++] = table[0];
       
   610             weight += l_weight;
       
   611          }
       
   612          if (weight > record)
       
   613          {  record = weight;
       
   614             rec_level = level;
       
   615             for (i = 0; i < level; i++) rec[i] = set[i];
       
   616          }
       
   617          goto done;
       
   618       }
       
   619       for (i = ct; i >= 0; i--)
       
   620       {  if ((level == 0) && (i < ct)) goto done;
       
   621          k = table[i];
       
   622          if ((level > 0) && (clique[k] <= (record - weight)))
       
   623             goto done; /* prune */
       
   624          set[level] = k;
       
   625          curr_weight = weight + wt[k];
       
   626          l_weight -= wt[k];
       
   627          if (l_weight <= (record - curr_weight))
       
   628             goto done; /* prune */
       
   629          p1 = newtable;
       
   630          p2 = table;
       
   631          left_weight = 0;
       
   632          while (p2 < table + i)
       
   633          {  j = *p2++;
       
   634             if (is_edge(dsa, j, k))
       
   635             {  *p1++ = j;
       
   636                left_weight += wt[j];
       
   637             }
       
   638          }
       
   639          if (left_weight <= (record - curr_weight)) continue;
       
   640          sub(dsa, p1 - newtable - 1, newtable, level + 1, curr_weight,
       
   641             left_weight);
       
   642       }
       
   643 done: xfree(newtable);
       
   644       return;
       
   645 }
       
   646 
       
   647 static int wclique(int _n, int w[], unsigned char _a[], int sol[])
       
   648 {     struct dsa _dsa, *dsa = &_dsa;
       
   649       int i, j, p, max_wt, max_nwt, wth, *used, *nwt, *pos;
       
   650       glp_long timer;
       
   651       n = _n;
       
   652       wt = &w[1];
       
   653       a = _a;
       
   654       record = 0;
       
   655       rec_level = 0;
       
   656       rec = &sol[1];
       
   657       clique = xcalloc(n, sizeof(int));
       
   658       set = xcalloc(n, sizeof(int));
       
   659       used = xcalloc(n, sizeof(int));
       
   660       nwt = xcalloc(n, sizeof(int));
       
   661       pos = xcalloc(n, sizeof(int));
       
   662       /* start timer */
       
   663       timer = xtime();
       
   664       /* order vertices */
       
   665       for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
       
   666       {  nwt[i] = 0;
       
   667          for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
       
   668             if (is_edge(dsa, i, j)) nwt[i] += wt[j];
       
   669       }
       
   670       for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
       
   671          used[i] = 0;
       
   672       for (i = n-1; i >= 0; i--)
       
   673       {  max_wt = -1;
       
   674          max_nwt = -1;
       
   675          for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
       
   676          {  if ((!used[j]) && ((wt[j] > max_wt) || (wt[j] == max_wt
       
   677                && nwt[j] > max_nwt)))
       
   678             {  max_wt = wt[j];
       
   679                max_nwt = nwt[j];
       
   680                p = j;
       
   681             }
       
   682          }
       
   683          pos[i] = p;
       
   684          used[p] = 1;
       
   685          for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
       
   686             if ((!used[j]) && (j != p) && (is_edge(dsa, p, j)))
       
   687                nwt[j] -= wt[p];
       
   688       }
       
   689       /* main routine */
       
   690       wth = 0;
       
   691       for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
       
   692       {  wth += wt[pos[i]];
       
   693          sub(dsa, i, pos, 0, 0, wth);
       
   694          clique[pos[i]] = record;
       
   695 #if 0
       
   696          if (utime() >= timer + 5.0)
       
   697 #else
       
   698          if (xdifftime(xtime(), timer) >= 5.0 - 0.001)
       
   699 #endif
       
   700          {  /* print current record and reset timer */
       
   701             xprintf("level = %d (%d); best = %d\n", i+1, n, record);
       
   702 #if 0
       
   703             timer = utime();
       
   704 #else
       
   705             timer = xtime();
       
   706 #endif
       
   707          }
       
   708       }
       
   709       xfree(clique);
       
   710       xfree(set);
       
   711       xfree(used);
       
   712       xfree(nwt);
       
   713       xfree(pos);
       
   714       /* return the solution found */
       
   715       for (i = 1; i <= rec_level; i++) sol[i]++;
       
   716       return rec_level;
       
   717 }
       
   718 
       
   719 #undef n
       
   720 #undef wt
       
   721 #undef a
       
   722 #undef record
       
   723 #undef rec_level
       
   724 #undef rec
       
   725 #undef clique
       
   726 #undef set
       
   727 
       
   728 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------
       
   729 -- lpx_clique_cut - generate cluque cut.
       
   730 --
       
   731 -- SYNOPSIS
       
   732 --
       
   733 -- #include "glplpx.h"
       
   734 -- int lpx_clique_cut(LPX *lp, void *cog, int ind[], double val[]);
       
   735 --
       
   736 -- DESCRIPTION
       
   737 --
       
   738 -- The routine lpx_clique_cut generates a clique cut using the conflict
       
   739 -- graph specified by the parameter cog.
       
   740 --
       
   741 -- If a violated clique cut has been found, it has the following form:
       
   742 --
       
   743 --    sum{j in J} a[j]*x[j] <= b.
       
   744 --
       
   745 -- Variable indices j in J are stored in elements ind[1], ..., ind[len]
       
   746 -- while corresponding constraint coefficients are stored in elements
       
   747 -- val[1], ..., val[len], where len is returned on exit. The right-hand
       
   748 -- side b is stored in element val[0].
       
   749 --
       
   750 -- RETURNS
       
   751 --
       
   752 -- If the cutting plane has been successfully generated, the routine
       
   753 -- returns 1 <= len <= n, which is the number of non-zero coefficients
       
   754 -- in the inequality constraint. Otherwise, the routine returns zero. */
       
   755 
       
   756 static int lpx_clique_cut(LPX *lp, void *_cog, int ind[], double val[])
       
   757 {     struct COG *cog = _cog;
       
   758       int n = lpx_get_num_cols(lp);
       
   759       int j, t, v, card, temp, len = 0, *w, *sol;
       
   760       double x, sum, b, *vec;
       
   761       /* allocate working arrays */
       
   762       w = xcalloc(1 + 2 * cog->nb, sizeof(int));
       
   763       sol = xcalloc(1 + 2 * cog->nb, sizeof(int));
       
   764       vec = xcalloc(1+n, sizeof(double));
       
   765       /* assign weights to vertices of the conflict graph */
       
   766       for (t = 1; t <= cog->nb; t++)
       
   767       {  j = cog->orig[t];
       
   768          x = lpx_get_col_prim(lp, j);
       
   769          temp = (int)(100.0 * x + 0.5);
       
   770          if (temp < 0) temp = 0;
       
   771          if (temp > 100) temp = 100;
       
   772          w[t] = temp;
       
   773          w[cog->nb + t] = 100 - temp;
       
   774       }
       
   775       /* find a clique of maximum weight */
       
   776       card = wclique(2 * cog->nb, w, cog->a, sol);
       
   777       /* compute the clique weight for unscaled values */
       
   778       sum = 0.0;
       
   779       for ( t = 1; t <= card; t++)
       
   780       {  v = sol[t];
       
   781          xassert(1 <= v && v <= 2 * cog->nb);
       
   782          if (v <= cog->nb)
       
   783          {  /* vertex v corresponds to binary variable x[j] */
       
   784             j = cog->orig[v];
       
   785             x = lpx_get_col_prim(lp, j);
       
   786             sum += x;
       
   787          }
       
   788          else
       
   789          {  /* vertex v corresponds to the complement of x[j] */
       
   790             j = cog->orig[v - cog->nb];
       
   791             x = lpx_get_col_prim(lp, j);
       
   792             sum += 1.0 - x;
       
   793          }
       
   794       }
       
   795       /* if the sum of binary variables and their complements in the
       
   796          clique greater than 1, the clique cut is violated */
       
   797       if (sum >= 1.01)
       
   798       {  /* construct the inquality */
       
   799          for (j = 1; j <= n; j++) vec[j] = 0;
       
   800          b = 1.0;
       
   801          for (t = 1; t <= card; t++)
       
   802          {  v = sol[t];
       
   803             if (v <= cog->nb)
       
   804             {  /* vertex v corresponds to binary variable x[j] */
       
   805                j = cog->orig[v];
       
   806                xassert(1 <= j && j <= n);
       
   807                vec[j] += 1.0;
       
   808             }
       
   809             else
       
   810             {  /* vertex v corresponds to the complement of x[j] */
       
   811                j = cog->orig[v - cog->nb];
       
   812                xassert(1 <= j && j <= n);
       
   813                vec[j] -= 1.0;
       
   814                b -= 1.0;
       
   815             }
       
   816          }
       
   817          xassert(len == 0);
       
   818          for (j = 1; j <= n; j++)
       
   819          {  if (vec[j] != 0.0)
       
   820             {  len++;
       
   821                ind[len] = j, val[len] = vec[j];
       
   822             }
       
   823          }
       
   824          ind[0] = 0, val[0] = b;
       
   825       }
       
   826       /* free working arrays */
       
   827       xfree(w);
       
   828       xfree(sol);
       
   829       xfree(vec);
       
   830       /* return to the calling program */
       
   831       return len;
       
   832 }
       
   833 
       
   834 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------
       
   835 -- lpx_delete_cog - delete the conflict graph.
       
   836 --
       
   837 -- SYNOPSIS
       
   838 --
       
   839 -- #include "glplpx.h"
       
   840 -- void lpx_delete_cog(void *cog);
       
   841 --
       
   842 -- DESCRIPTION
       
   843 --
       
   844 -- The routine lpx_delete_cog deletes the conflict graph, which the
       
   845 -- parameter cog points to, freeing all the memory allocated to this
       
   846 -- object. */
       
   847 
       
   848 static void lpx_delete_cog(void *_cog)
       
   849 {     struct COG *cog = _cog;
       
   850       xfree(cog->vert);
       
   851       xfree(cog->orig);
       
   852       xfree(cog->a);
       
   853       xfree(cog);
       
   854 }
       
   855 
       
   856 /**********************************************************************/
       
   857 
       
   858 void *ios_clq_init(glp_tree *tree)
       
   859 {     /* initialize clique cut generator */
       
   860       glp_prob *mip = tree->mip;
       
   861       xassert(mip != NULL);
       
   862       return lpx_create_cog(mip);
       
   863 }
       
   864 
       
   865 /***********************************************************************
       
   866 *  NAME
       
   867 *
       
   868 *  ios_clq_gen - generate clique cuts
       
   869 *
       
   870 *  SYNOPSIS
       
   871 *
       
   872 *  #include "glpios.h"
       
   873 *  void ios_clq_gen(glp_tree *tree, void *gen);
       
   874 *
       
   875 *  DESCRIPTION
       
   876 *
       
   877 *  The routine ios_clq_gen generates clique cuts for the current point
       
   878 *  and adds them to the clique pool. */
       
   879 
       
   880 void ios_clq_gen(glp_tree *tree, void *gen)
       
   881 {     int n = lpx_get_num_cols(tree->mip);
       
   882       int len, *ind;
       
   883       double *val;
       
   884       xassert(gen != NULL);
       
   885       ind = xcalloc(1+n, sizeof(int));
       
   886       val = xcalloc(1+n, sizeof(double));
       
   887       len = lpx_clique_cut(tree->mip, gen, ind, val);
       
   888       if (len > 0)
       
   889       {  /* xprintf("len = %d\n", len); */
       
   890          glp_ios_add_row(tree, NULL, GLP_RF_CLQ, 0, len, ind, val,
       
   891             GLP_UP, val[0]);
       
   892       }
       
   893       xfree(ind);
       
   894       xfree(val);
       
   895       return;
       
   896 }
       
   897 
       
   898 /**********************************************************************/
       
   899 
       
   900 void ios_clq_term(void *gen)
       
   901 {     /* terminate clique cut generator */
       
   902       xassert(gen != NULL);
       
   903       lpx_delete_cog(gen);
       
   904       return;
       
   905 }
       
   906 
       
   907 /* eof */