5 \chapter*{\sf\bfseries GNU General Public License}
6 \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{GNU General Public License}
9 {\bf Version 3, 29 June 2007}
14 Copyright {\copyright} 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
15 \verb|<http://fsf.org/>|
20 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
21 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
27 The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
28 software and other kinds of works.
30 The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
31 to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
32 the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
33 share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
34 software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
35 GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
36 any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
39 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
40 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
41 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
42 them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
43 want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
44 free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
46 To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
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49 you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
51 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
52 gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
53 freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
54 or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
57 Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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59 giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
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67 Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
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85 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
88 \section*{TERMS AND CONDITIONS}
90 \subsubsection*{0. Definitions.}
93 ``This License'' refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public
96 ``Copyright'' also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds
97 of works, such as semiconductor masks.
99 ``The Program'' refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
100 License. Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. ``Licensees'' and
101 ``recipients'' may be individuals or organizations.
103 To ``modify'' a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the
104 work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making
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108 A ``covered work'' means either the unmodified Program or a work based
111 To ``propagate'' a work means to do anything with it that, without
112 permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
113 infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
114 computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
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116 public, and in some countries other activities as well.
118 To ``convey'' a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
119 parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
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122 An interactive user interface displays ``Appropriate Legal Notices''
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129 menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
131 \subsubsection*{1. Source Code.}
134 The ``source code'' for a work means the preferred form of the work
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139 standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
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154 The ``Corresponding Source'' for a work in object code form means all
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165 subprograms and other parts of the work.
167 The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
168 can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
171 The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
174 \subsubsection*{2. Basic Permissions.}
177 All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
178 copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
179 conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
180 permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
181 covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
182 content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
183 rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
185 You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
186 convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
187 in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
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194 your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
196 Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
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198 makes it unnecessary.
200 \subsubsection*{3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From
201 Anti-Circumvention Law.}
204 No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
205 measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
206 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
207 similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
210 When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
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213 the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
214 modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
215 users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
216 technological measures.
218 \subsubsection*{4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.}
221 You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
222 receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
223 appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
224 keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
225 non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
226 keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
227 recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
229 You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
230 and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
232 \subsubsection*{5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.}
234 You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
235 produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
236 terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
238 a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
239 it, and giving a relevant date.
241 b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
242 released under this License and any conditions added under section
243 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
244 ``keep intact all notices''.
246 c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
247 License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
248 License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
249 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
250 regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
251 permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
252 invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
254 d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
255 Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
256 interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
257 work need not make them do so.
259 A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
260 works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
261 and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
262 in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
263 ``aggregate'' if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
264 used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
265 beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
266 in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
267 parts of the aggregate.
269 \subsubsection*{6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.}
271 You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
272 of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
273 machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
274 in one of these ways:
276 a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
277 (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
278 Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
279 customarily used for software interchange.
281 b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
282 (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
283 written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
284 long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
285 model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
286 copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
287 product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
288 medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
289 more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
290 conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
291 Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
293 c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
294 written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
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296 only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
299 d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
300 place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
301 Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
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303 Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
304 copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
305 may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
306 that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
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310 available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
312 e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
313 you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
314 Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
315 charge under subsection 6d.
317 A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
318 from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
319 included in conveying the object code work.
321 A ``User Product'' is either (1) a ``consumer product'', which means
322 any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal,
323 family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for
324 incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a
325 consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.
326 For a particular product received by a particular user, ``normally
327 used'' refers to a typical or common use of that class of product,
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335 ``Installation Information'' for a User Product means any methods,
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341 modification has been made.
343 If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
344 specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
345 part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
346 User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
347 fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
348 Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
349 by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
350 if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
351 modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
352 been installed in ROM).
354 The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
355 requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
356 for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
357 the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to
358 a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
359 adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
360 protocols for communication across the network.
362 Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
363 in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
364 documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
365 source code form), and must require no special password or key for
366 unpacking, reading or copying.
368 \subsubsection*{7. Additional Terms.}
371 ``Additional permissions'' are terms that supplement the terms of this
372 License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
373 Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
374 be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
375 that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
376 apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
377 under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
378 this License without regard to the additional permissions.
380 When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
381 remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
382 it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
383 removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
384 additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
385 for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
387 Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
388 add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders
389 of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
391 a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
392 terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
394 b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
395 author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
396 Notices displayed by works containing it; or
398 c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
399 requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
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410 it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
411 any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
412 those licensors and authors.
414 All other non-permissive additional terms are considered ``further
415 restrictions'' within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
416 received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
417 governed by this License along with a term that is a further
418 restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
419 a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
420 License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
421 of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
422 not survive such relicensing or conveying.
424 If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
425 must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
426 additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
427 where to find the applicable terms.
429 Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
430 form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
431 the above requirements apply either way.
433 \subsubsection*{8. Termination.}
436 You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
437 provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
438 modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
439 this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
440 paragraph of section 11).
442 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
443 license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
444 provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
445 finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
446 holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
447 prior to 60 days after the cessation.
449 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
450 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
451 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
452 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
453 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
454 your receipt of the notice.
456 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
457 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
458 this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
459 reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
460 material under section 10.
462 \subsubsection*{9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.}
465 You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
466 run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
467 occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
468 to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
469 nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
470 modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
471 not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
472 covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
474 \subsubsection*{10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.}
477 Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
478 receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
479 propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
480 for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
482 An ``entity transaction'' is a transaction transferring control of an
483 organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
484 organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
485 work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
486 transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
487 licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
488 give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
489 Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
490 the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
492 You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
493 rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
494 not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
495 rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
496 (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
497 any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
498 sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
500 \subsubsection*{11. Patents.}
503 A ``contributor'' is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
504 License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
505 work thus licensed is called the contributor's ``contributor version''.
507 A contributor's ``essential patent claims'' are all patent claims
508 owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
509 hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
510 by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
511 but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
512 consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
513 purposes of this definition, ``control'' includes the right to grant
514 patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
517 Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
518 patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
519 make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
520 propagate the contents of its contributor version.
522 In the following three paragraphs, a ``patent license'' is any express
523 agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
524 (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
525 sue for patent infringement). To ``grant'' such a patent license to a
526 party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
527 patent against the party.
529 If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
530 and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
531 to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
532 publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
533 then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
534 available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
535 patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
536 consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
537 license to downstream recipients. ``Knowingly relying'' means you have
538 actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
539 covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
540 in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
541 country that you have reason to believe are valid.
543 If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
544 arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
545 covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
546 receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
547 or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
548 you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
549 work and works based on it.
551 A patent license is ``discriminatory'' if it does not include within
552 the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
553 conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
554 specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
555 work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
556 in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
557 to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
558 the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
559 parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
560 patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
561 conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
562 for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
563 contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
564 or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
566 Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
567 any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
568 otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
570 \subsubsection*{12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.}
573 If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
574 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
575 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
576 covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
577 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
578 may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that
579 obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to
580 whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those
581 terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the
584 \subsubsection*{13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.}
587 Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
588 permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
589 under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
590 combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
591 License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
592 but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
593 section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
596 \subsubsection*{14. Revised Versions of this License.}
599 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
600 of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions
601 will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
602 detail to address new problems or concerns.
604 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
605 Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
606 Public License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the
607 option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
608 version or of any later version published by the Free Software
609 Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
610 GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
611 by the Free Software Foundation.
613 If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
614 versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
615 public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
616 to choose that version for the Program.
618 Later license versions may give you additional or different
619 permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
620 author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
623 \subsubsection*{15. Disclaimer of Warranty.}
626 THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
627 APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
628 HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT
629 WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
630 LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
631 PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE
632 OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU
633 ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
635 \subsubsection*{16. Limitation of Liability.}
638 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
639 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
640 CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
641 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
642 ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT
643 NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
644 SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
645 WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
646 ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
648 \subsubsection*{17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.}
651 If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
652 above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
653 reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
654 an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
655 Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
656 copy of the Program in return for a fee.
658 \section*{END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS}
662 \section*{How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs}
665 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
666 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
667 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
670 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
671 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
672 state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
673 the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
676 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
677 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
679 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
680 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
681 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
682 (at your option) any later version.
684 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
685 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
686 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
687 GNU General Public License for more details.
689 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
690 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
694 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
696 If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
697 notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
700 <program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
701 This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
702 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
703 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
707 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
708 appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your
709 program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
710 use an ``about box''.
712 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
713 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
714 necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the
715 GNU GPL, see \verb|<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>|.
717 The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
718 program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
719 library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
720 applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the
721 GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first,
722 please read \verb|<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>|.