/* -*- C++ -*-

 *

 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library

 *

 * Copyright (C) 2003-2007

 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport

 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).

 *

 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted

 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For

 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.

 *

 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,

 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any

 * purpose.

 *

 */

#ifndef LEMON_BITS_ALTERATION_NOTIFIER_H

#define LEMON_BITS_ALTERATION_NOTIFIER_H

#include <vector>

#include <list>

#include <lemon/bits/utility.h>

///\ingroup graphbits

///\file

///\brief Observer notifier for graph alteration observers.

namespace lemon {

  /// \ingroup graphbits

  ///

  /// \brief Notifier class to notify observes about alterations in 

  /// a container.

  ///

  /// The simple graph's can be refered as two containers, one node container

  /// and one edge container. But they are not standard containers they

  /// does not store values directly they are just key continars for more

  /// value containers which are the node and edge maps.

  ///

  /// The graph's node and edge sets can be changed as we add or erase

  /// nodes and edges in the graph. Lemon would like to handle easily

  /// that the node and edge maps should contain values for all nodes or

  /// edges. If we want to check on every indicing if the map contains

  /// the current indicing key that cause a drawback in the performance

  /// in the library. We use another solution we notify all maps about

  /// an alteration in the graph, which cause only drawback on the

  /// alteration of the graph.

  ///

  /// This class provides an interface to the container. The \e first() and \e 

  /// next() member functions make possible to iterate on the keys of the

  /// container. The \e id() function returns an integer id for each key.

  /// The \e maxId() function gives back an upper bound of the ids.

  ///

  /// For the proper functonality of this class, we should notify it

  /// about each alteration in the container. The alterations have four type

  /// as \e add(), \e erase(), \e build() and \e clear(). The \e add() and

  /// \e erase() signals that only one or few items added or erased to or

  /// from the graph. If all items are erased from the graph or from an empty

  /// graph a new graph is builded then it can be signaled with the

  /// clear() and build() members. Important rule that if we erase items 

  /// from graph we should first signal the alteration and after that erase

  /// them from the container, on the other way on item addition we should

  /// first extend the container and just after that signal the alteration.

  ///

  /// The alteration can be observed with a class inherited from the

  /// \e ObserverBase nested class. The signals can be handled with

  /// overriding the virtual functions defined in the base class.  The

  /// observer base can be attached to the notifier with the 

  /// \e attach() member and can be detached with detach() function. The

  /// alteration handlers should not call any function which signals

  /// an other alteration in the same notifier and should not

  /// detach any observer from the notifier.

  ///

  /// Alteration observers try to be exception safe. If an \e add() or

  /// a \e clear() function throws an exception then the remaining

  /// observeres will not be notified and the fulfilled additions will

  /// be rolled back by calling the \e erase() or \e clear()

  /// functions. Thence the \e erase() and \e clear() should not throw

  /// exception. Actullay, it can be throw only 

  /// \ref AlterationObserver::ImmediateDetach ImmediateDetach

  /// exception which detach the observer from the notifier.

  ///

  /// There are some place when the alteration observing is not completly

  /// reliable. If we want to carry out the node degree in the graph

  /// as in the \ref InDegMap and we use the reverseEdge that cause 

  /// unreliable functionality. Because the alteration observing signals

  /// only erasing and adding but not the reversing it will stores bad

  /// degrees. The sub graph adaptors cannot signal the alterations because

  /// just a setting in the filter map can modify the graph and this cannot

  /// be watched in any way.

  ///

  /// \param _Container The container which is observed.

  /// \param _Item The item type which is obserbved.

  ///

  /// \author Balazs Dezso

  template <typename _Container, typename _Item>

  class AlterationNotifier {

  public:

    typedef True Notifier;

    typedef _Container Container;

    typedef _Item Item;

    /// \brief Exception which can be called from \e clear() and 

    /// \e erase().

    ///

    /// From the \e clear() and \e erase() function only this

    /// exception is allowed to throw. The exception immediatly

    /// detaches the current observer from the notifier. Because the

    /// \e clear() and \e erase() should not throw other exceptions

    /// it can be used to invalidate the observer.

    struct ImmediateDetach {};

    /// \brief ObserverBase is the base class for the observers.

    ///

    /// ObserverBase is the abstract base class for the observers.

    /// It will be notified about an item was inserted into or

    /// erased from the graph.

    ///

    /// The observer interface contains some pure virtual functions

    /// to override. The add() and erase() functions are

    /// to notify the oberver when one item is added or

    /// erased.

    ///

    /// The build() and clear() members are to notify the observer

    /// about the container is built from an empty container or

    /// is cleared to an empty container. 

    /// 

    /// \author Balazs Dezso

    class ObserverBase {

    protected:

      typedef AlterationNotifier Notifier;

      friend class AlterationNotifier;

      /// \brief Default constructor.

      ///

      /// Default constructor for ObserverBase.

      /// 

      ObserverBase() : _notifier(0) {}

      /// \brief Constructor which attach the observer into notifier.

      ///

      /// Constructor which attach the observer into notifier.

      ObserverBase(AlterationNotifier& nf) {

        attach(nf);

      }

      /// \brief Constructor which attach the obserever to the same notifier.

      ///

      /// Constructor which attach the obserever to the same notifier as

      /// the other observer is attached to. 

      ObserverBase(const ObserverBase& copy) {

	if (copy.attached()) {

          attach(*copy.notifier());

	}

      }

      /// \brief Destructor

      virtual ~ObserverBase() {

        if (attached()) {

          detach();

        }

      }

      /// \brief Attaches the observer into an AlterationNotifier.

      ///

      /// This member attaches the observer into an AlterationNotifier.

      ///

      void attach(AlterationNotifier& nf) {

	nf.attach(*this);

      }

      /// \brief Detaches the observer into an AlterationNotifier.

      ///

      /// This member detaches the observer from an AlterationNotifier.

      ///

      void detach() {

        _notifier->detach(*this);

      }

      /// \brief Gives back a pointer to the notifier which the map 

      /// attached into.

      ///

      /// This function gives back a pointer to the notifier which the map

      /// attached into.

      ///

      Notifier* notifier() const { return const_cast<Notifier*>(_notifier); }

      /// Gives back true when the observer is attached into a notifier.

      bool attached() const { return _notifier != 0; }

    private:

      ObserverBase& operator=(const ObserverBase& copy);

    protected:

      Notifier* _notifier;

      typename std::list<ObserverBase*>::iterator _index;

      /// \brief The member function to notificate the observer about an

      /// item is added to the container.

      ///

      /// The add() member function notificates the observer about an item

      /// is added to the container. It have to be overrided in the

      /// subclasses.

      virtual void add(const Item&) = 0;

      /// \brief The member function to notificate the observer about 

      /// more item is added to the container.

      ///

      /// The add() member function notificates the observer about more item

      /// is added to the container. It have to be overrided in the

      /// subclasses.

      virtual void add(const std::vector<Item>& items) = 0;

      /// \brief The member function to notificate the observer about an

      /// item is erased from the container.

      ///

      /// The erase() member function notificates the observer about an

      /// item is erased from the container. It have to be overrided in

      /// the subclasses.	

      virtual void erase(const Item&) = 0;

      /// \brief The member function to notificate the observer about 

      /// more item is erased from the container.

      ///

      /// The erase() member function notificates the observer about more item

      /// is erased from the container. It have to be overrided in the

      /// subclasses.

      virtual void erase(const std::vector<Item>& items) = 0;

      /// \brief The member function to notificate the observer about the

      /// container is built.

      ///

      /// The build() member function notificates the observer about the

      /// container is built from an empty container. It have to be

      /// overrided in the subclasses.

      virtual void build() = 0;

      /// \brief The member function to notificate the observer about all

      /// items are erased from the container.

      ///

      /// The clear() member function notificates the observer about all

      /// items are erased from the container. It have to be overrided in

      /// the subclasses.      

      virtual void clear() = 0;

    };

  protected:

    const Container* container;

    typedef std::list<ObserverBase*> Observers; 

    Observers _observers;

  public:

    /// \brief Default constructor.

    ///

    /// The default constructor of the AlterationNotifier. 

    /// It creates an empty notifier.

    AlterationNotifier() 

      : container(0) {}

    /// \brief Constructor.

    ///

    /// Constructor with the observed container parameter.

    AlterationNotifier(const Container& _container) 

      : container(&_container) {}

    /// \brief Copy Constructor of the AlterationNotifier. 

    ///

    /// Copy constructor of the AlterationNotifier. 

    /// It creates only an empty notifier because the copiable

    /// notifier's observers have to be registered still into that notifier.

    AlterationNotifier(const AlterationNotifier& _notifier) 

      : container(_notifier.container) {}

    /// \brief Destructor.

    ///		

    /// Destructor of the AlterationNotifier.

    ///

    ~AlterationNotifier() {

      typename Observers::iterator it;

      for (it = _observers.begin(); it != _observers.end(); ++it) {

	(*it)->_notifier = 0;

      }

    }

    /// \brief Sets the container.

    ///

    /// Sets the container.

    void setContainer(const Container& _container) {

      container = &_container;

    }

  protected:

    AlterationNotifier& operator=(const AlterationNotifier&);

  public:

    /// \brief First item in the container.

    ///

    /// Returns the first item in the container. It is

    /// for start the iteration on the container.

    void first(Item& item) const {

      container->first(item);

    }

    /// \brief Next item in the container.

    ///

    /// Returns the next item in the container. It is

    /// for iterate on the container.

    void next(Item& item) const {

      container->next(item);

    }

    /// \brief Returns the id of the item.

    ///

    /// Returns the id of the item provided by the container.

    int id(const Item& item) const {

      return container->id(item);

    }

    /// \brief Returns the maximum id of the container.

    ///

    /// Returns the maximum id of the container.

    int maxId() const {

      return container->maxId(Item());

    }

  protected:

    void attach(ObserverBase& observer) {

      observer._index = _observers.insert(_observers.begin(), &observer);

      observer._notifier = this;

    } 

    void detach(ObserverBase& observer) {

      _observers.erase(observer._index);

      observer._index = _observers.end();

      observer._notifier = 0;

    }

  public:

    /// \brief Notifies all the registed observers about an item added to 

    /// the container.

    ///

    /// It notifies all the registed observers about an item added to 

    /// the container.

    /// 

    void add(const Item& item) {

      typename Observers::reverse_iterator it;

      try {

        for (it = _observers.rbegin(); it != _observers.rend(); ++it) {

          (*it)->add(item);

        }

      } catch (...) {

        typename Observers::iterator jt;

        for (jt = it.base(); jt != _observers.end(); ++jt) {

          (*jt)->erase(item);

        }

        throw;

      }

    }	

    /// \brief Notifies all the registed observers about more item added to 

    /// the container.

    ///

    /// It notifies all the registed observers about more item added to 

    /// the container.

    /// 

    void add(const std::vector<Item>& items) {

      typename Observers::reverse_iterator it;

      try {

        for (it = _observers.rbegin(); it != _observers.rend(); ++it) {

          (*it)->add(items);

        }

      } catch (...) {

        typename Observers::iterator jt;

        for (jt = it.base(); jt != _observers.end(); ++jt) {

          (*jt)->erase(items);

        }

        throw;

      }

    }	

    /// \brief Notifies all the registed observers about an item erased from 

    /// the container.

    ///	

    /// It notifies all the registed observers about an item erased from 

    /// the container.

    /// 

    void erase(const Item& item) throw() {

      typename Observers::iterator it = _observers.begin();

      while (it != _observers.end()) {

        try {

          (*it)->erase(item);

          ++it;

        } catch (const ImmediateDetach&) {

          it = _observers.erase(it);

          (*it)->_index = _observers.end();

          (*it)->_notifier = 0;

        }

      }

    }

    /// \brief Notifies all the registed observers about more item erased  

    /// from the container.

    ///	

    /// It notifies all the registed observers about more item erased from 

    /// the container.

    /// 

    void erase(const std::vector<Item>& items) {

      typename Observers::iterator it = _observers.begin();

      while (it != _observers.end()) {

        try {

          (*it)->erase(items);

          ++it;

        } catch (const ImmediateDetach&) {

          it = _observers.erase(it);

          (*it)->_index = _observers.end();

          (*it)->_notifier = 0;

        }

      }

    }

    /// \brief Notifies all the registed observers about the container is 

    /// built.

    ///		

    /// Notifies all the registed observers about the container is built

    /// from an empty container.

    void build() {

      typename Observers::reverse_iterator it;

      try {

        for (it = _observers.rbegin(); it != _observers.rend(); ++it) {

          (*it)->build();

        }

      } catch (...) {

        typename Observers::iterator jt;

        for (jt = it.base(); jt != _observers.end(); ++jt) {

          (*jt)->clear();

        }

        throw;

      }

    }

    /// \brief Notifies all the registed observers about all items are 

    /// erased.

    ///

    /// Notifies all the registed observers about all items are erased

    /// from the container.

    void clear() {

      typename Observers::iterator it = _observers.begin();

      while (it != _observers.end()) {

        try {

          (*it)->clear();

          ++it;

        } catch (const ImmediateDetach&) {

          it = _observers.erase(it);

          (*it)->_index = _observers.end();

          (*it)->_notifier = 0;

        }

      }

    }

  };

}

#endif