/* -*- C++ -*-

 *

 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library

 *

 * Copyright (C) 2003-2008

 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport

 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).

 *

 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted

 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For

 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.

 *

 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,

 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any

 * purpose.

 *

 */

#ifndef LEMON_STATIC_GRAPH_H

#define LEMON_STATIC_GRAPH_H

///\ingroup graphs

///\file

///\brief StaticDigraph class.

#include <lemon/core.h>

#include <lemon/bits/graph_extender.h>

namespace lemon {

  class StaticDigraphBase {

  public:

    StaticDigraphBase() 

      : built(false), node_num(0), arc_num(0), 

        node_first_out(NULL), node_first_in(NULL),

        arc_source(NULL), arc_target(NULL), 

        arc_next_in(NULL), arc_next_out(NULL) {}

    ~StaticDigraphBase() {

      if (built) {

        delete[] node_first_out;

        delete[] node_first_in;

        delete[] arc_source;

        delete[] arc_target;

        delete[] arc_next_out;

        delete[] arc_next_in;

      }

    }

    class Node {

      friend class StaticDigraphBase;

    protected:

      int id;

      Node(int _id) : id(_id) {}

    public:

      Node() {}

      Node (Invalid) : id(-1) {}

      bool operator==(const Node& node) const { return id == node.id; }

      bool operator!=(const Node& node) const { return id != node.id; }

      bool operator<(const Node& node) const { return id < node.id; }

    };

    class Arc {

      friend class StaticDigraphBase;      

    protected:

      int id;

      Arc(int _id) : id(_id) {}

    public:

      Arc() { }

      Arc (Invalid) : id(-1) {}

      bool operator==(const Arc& arc) const { return id == arc.id; }

      bool operator!=(const Arc& arc) const { return id != arc.id; }

      bool operator<(const Arc& arc) const { return id < arc.id; }

    };

    Node source(const Arc& e) const { return Node(arc_source[e.id]); }

    Node target(const Arc& e) const { return Node(arc_target[e.id]); }

    void first(Node& n) const { n.id = node_num - 1; }

    static void next(Node& n) { --n.id; }

    void first(Arc& e) const { e.id = arc_num - 1; }

    static void next(Arc& e) { --e.id; }

    void firstOut(Arc& e, const Node& n) const { 

      e.id = node_first_out[n.id] != node_first_out[n.id + 1] ? 

        node_first_out[n.id] : -1;

    }

    void nextOut(Arc& e) const { e.id = arc_next_out[e.id]; }

    void firstIn(Arc& e, const Node& n) const { e.id = node_first_in[n.id]; }

    void nextIn(Arc& e) const { e.id = arc_next_in[e.id]; }

    static int id(const Node& n) { return n.id; }

    static Node nodeFromId(int id) { return Node(id); }

    int maxNodeId() const { return node_num - 1; }

    static int id(const Arc& e) { return e.id; }

    static Arc arcFromId(int id) { return Arc(id); }

    int maxArcId() const { return arc_num - 1; }

    typedef True NodeNumTag;

    typedef True ArcNumTag;

    int nodeNum() const { return node_num; }

    int arcNum() const { return arc_num; }

  private:

    template <typename Digraph, typename NodeRefMap>

    class ArcLess {

    public:

      typedef typename Digraph::Arc Arc;

      ArcLess(const Digraph &_graph, const NodeRefMap& _nodeRef) 

        : digraph(_graph), nodeRef(_nodeRef) {}

      bool operator()(const Arc& left, const Arc& right) const {

	return nodeRef[digraph.target(left)] < nodeRef[digraph.target(right)];

      }

    private:

      const Digraph& digraph;

      const NodeRefMap& nodeRef;

    };

  public:

    typedef True BuildTag;

    void clear() {

      if (built) {

        delete[] node_first_out;

        delete[] node_first_in;

        delete[] arc_source;

        delete[] arc_target;

        delete[] arc_next_out;

        delete[] arc_next_in;

      }

      built = false;

      node_num = 0;

      arc_num = 0;

    }

    template <typename Digraph, typename NodeRefMap, typename ArcRefMap>

    void build(const Digraph& digraph, NodeRefMap& nodeRef, ArcRefMap& arcRef) {

      typedef typename Digraph::Node GNode;

      typedef typename Digraph::Arc GArc;

      built = true;

      node_num = countNodes(digraph);

      arc_num = countArcs(digraph);

      node_first_out = new int[node_num + 1];

      node_first_in = new int[node_num];

      arc_source = new int[arc_num];

      arc_target = new int[arc_num];

      arc_next_out = new int[arc_num];

      arc_next_in = new int[arc_num];

      int node_index = 0;

      for (typename Digraph::NodeIt n(digraph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

        nodeRef[n] = Node(node_index);

        node_first_in[node_index] = -1;

        ++node_index;

      }

      ArcLess<Digraph, NodeRefMap> arcLess(digraph, nodeRef);

      int arc_index = 0;

      for (typename Digraph::NodeIt n(digraph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

        int source = nodeRef[n].id;

        std::vector<GArc> arcs;

        for (typename Digraph::OutArcIt e(digraph, n); e != INVALID; ++e) {

          arcs.push_back(e);

        }

        if (!arcs.empty()) {

          node_first_out[source] = arc_index;

          std::sort(arcs.begin(), arcs.end(), arcLess);

          for (typename std::vector<GArc>::iterator it = arcs.begin();

               it != arcs.end(); ++it) {

            int target = nodeRef[digraph.target(*it)].id;

            arcRef[*it] = Arc(arc_index);

            arc_source[arc_index] = source; 

            arc_target[arc_index] = target;

            arc_next_in[arc_index] = node_first_in[target];

            node_first_in[target] = arc_index;

            arc_next_out[arc_index] = arc_index + 1;

            ++arc_index;

          }

          arc_next_out[arc_index - 1] = -1;

        } else {

          node_first_out[source] = arc_index;

        }

      }

      node_first_out[node_num] = arc_num;

    }

    template <typename ArcListIterator>

    void build(int n, ArcListIterator first, ArcListIterator last) {

      built = true;

      node_num = n;

      arc_num = std::distance(first, last);

      node_first_out = new int[node_num + 1];

      node_first_in = new int[node_num];

      arc_source = new int[arc_num];

      arc_target = new int[arc_num];

      arc_next_out = new int[arc_num];

      arc_next_in = new int[arc_num];

      for (int i = 0; i != node_num; ++i) {

        node_first_in[i] = -1;

      }      

      int arc_index = 0;

      for (int i = 0; i != node_num; ++i) {

        node_first_out[i] = arc_index;

        for ( ; first != last && (*first).first == i; ++first) {

          int j = (*first).second;

          LEMON_ASSERT(j >= 0 && j < node_num,

            "Wrong arc list for StaticDigraph::build()");

          arc_source[arc_index] = i;

          arc_target[arc_index] = j;

          arc_next_in[arc_index] = node_first_in[j];

          node_first_in[j] = arc_index;

          arc_next_out[arc_index] = arc_index + 1;

          ++arc_index;

        }

        if (arc_index > node_first_out[i])

          arc_next_out[arc_index - 1] = -1;

      }

      LEMON_ASSERT(first == last,

        "Wrong arc list for StaticDigraph::build()");

      node_first_out[node_num] = arc_num;

    }

  protected:

    void fastFirstOut(Arc& e, const Node& n) const {

      e.id = node_first_out[n.id];

    }

    static void fastNextOut(Arc& e) {

      ++e.id;

    }

    void fastLastOut(Arc& e, const Node& n) const {

      e.id = node_first_out[n.id + 1];

    }

  protected:

    bool built;

    int node_num;

    int arc_num;

    int *node_first_out;

    int *node_first_in;

    int *arc_source;

    int *arc_target;

    int *arc_next_in;

    int *arc_next_out;

  };

  typedef DigraphExtender<StaticDigraphBase> ExtendedStaticDigraphBase;

  /// \ingroup graphs

  ///

  /// \brief A static directed graph class.

  ///

  /// \ref StaticDigraph is a highly efficient digraph implementation,

  /// but it is fully static.

  /// It stores only two \c int values for each node and only four \c int

  /// values for each arc. Moreover it provides faster item iteration than

  /// \ref ListDigraph and \ref SmartDigraph, especially using \c OutArcIt

  /// iterators, since its arcs are stored in an appropriate order.

  /// However it only provides build() and clear() functions and does not

  /// support any other modification of the digraph.

  ///

  /// Since this digraph structure is completely static, its nodes and arcs

  /// can be indexed with integers from the ranges <tt>[0..nodeNum()-1]</tt>

  /// and <tt>[0..arcNum()-1]</tt>, respectively. 

  /// The index of an item is the same as its ID, it can be obtained

  /// using the corresponding \ref index() or \ref concepts::Digraph::id()

  /// "id()" function. A node or arc with a certain index can be obtained

  /// using node() or arc().

  ///

  /// This type fully conforms to the \ref concepts::Digraph "Digraph concept".

  /// Most of its member functions and nested classes are documented

  /// only in the concept class.

  ///

  /// This class provides constant time counting for nodes and arcs.

  ///

  /// \sa concepts::Digraph

  class StaticDigraph : public ExtendedStaticDigraphBase {

  public:

    typedef ExtendedStaticDigraphBase Parent;

  public:

    /// \brief Constructor

    ///

    /// Default constructor.

    StaticDigraph() : Parent() {}

    /// \brief The node with the given index.

    ///

    /// This function returns the node with the given index.

    /// \sa index()

    static Node node(int ix) { return Parent::nodeFromId(ix); }

    /// \brief The arc with the given index.

    ///

    /// This function returns the arc with the given index.

    /// \sa index()

    static Arc arc(int ix) { return Parent::arcFromId(ix); }

    /// \brief The index of the given node.

    ///

    /// This function returns the index of the the given node.

    /// \sa node()

    static int index(Node node) { return Parent::id(node); }

    /// \brief The index of the given arc.

    ///

    /// This function returns the index of the the given arc.

    /// \sa arc()

    static int index(Arc arc) { return Parent::id(arc); }

    /// \brief Number of nodes.

    ///

    /// This function returns the number of nodes.

    int nodeNum() const { return node_num; }

    /// \brief Number of arcs.

    ///

    /// This function returns the number of arcs.

    int arcNum() const { return arc_num; }

    /// \brief Build the digraph copying another digraph.

    ///

    /// This function builds the digraph copying another digraph of any

    /// kind. It can be called more than once, but in such case, the whole

    /// structure and all maps will be cleared and rebuilt.

    ///

    /// This method also makes possible to copy a digraph to a StaticDigraph

    /// structure using \ref DigraphCopy.

    /// 

    /// \param digraph An existing digraph to be copied.

    /// \param nodeRef The node references will be copied into this map.

    /// Its key type must be \c Digraph::Node and its value type must be

    /// \c StaticDigraph::Node.

    /// It must conform to the \ref concepts::ReadWriteMap "ReadWriteMap"

    /// concept.

    /// \param arcRef The arc references will be copied into this map.

    /// Its key type must be \c Digraph::Arc and its value type must be

    /// \c StaticDigraph::Arc.

    /// It must conform to the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.

    ///

    /// \note If you do not need the arc references, then you could use

    /// \ref NullMap for the last parameter. However the node references

    /// are required by the function itself, thus they must be readable

    /// from the map.

    template <typename Digraph, typename NodeRefMap, typename ArcRefMap>

    void build(const Digraph& digraph, NodeRefMap& nodeRef, ArcRefMap& arcRef) {

      if (built) Parent::clear();

      Parent::build(digraph, nodeRef, arcRef);

    }

    /// \brief Build the digraph from an arc list.

    ///

    /// This function builds the digraph from the given arc list.

    /// It can be called more than once, but in such case, the whole

    /// structure and all maps will be cleared and rebuilt.

    ///

    /// The list of the arcs must be given in the range <tt>[begin, end)</tt>

    /// specified by STL compatible itartors whose \c value_type must be

    /// <tt>std::pair<int,int></tt>.

    /// Each arc must be specified by a pair of integer indices

    /// from the range <tt>[0..n-1]</tt>. <i>The pairs must be in a

    /// non-decreasing order with respect to their first values.</i>

    /// If the k-th pair in the list is <tt>(i,j)</tt>, then

    /// <tt>arc(k-1)</tt> will connect <tt>node(i)</tt> to <tt>node(j)</tt>.

    ///

    /// \param n The number of nodes.

    /// \param begin An iterator pointing to the beginning of the arc list.

    /// \param end An iterator pointing to the end of the arc list.

    ///

    /// For example, a simple digraph can be constructed like this.

    /// \code

    ///   std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > arcs;

    ///   arcs.push_back(std::make_pair(0,1));

    ///   arcs.push_back(std::make_pair(0,2));

    ///   arcs.push_back(std::make_pair(1,3));

    ///   arcs.push_back(std::make_pair(1,2));

    ///   arcs.push_back(std::make_pair(3,0));

    ///   StaticDigraph gr;

    ///   gr.build(4, arcs.begin(), arcs.end());

    /// \endcode

    template <typename ArcListIterator>

    void build(int n, ArcListIterator begin, ArcListIterator end) {

      if (built) Parent::clear();

      StaticDigraphBase::build(n, begin, end);

      notifier(Node()).build();

      notifier(Arc()).build();

    }

    /// \brief Clear the digraph.

    ///

    /// This function erases all nodes and arcs from the digraph.

    void clear() {

      Parent::clear();

    }

  protected:

    using Parent::fastFirstOut;

    using Parent::fastNextOut;

    using Parent::fastLastOut;

  public:

    class OutArcIt : public Arc {

    public:

      OutArcIt() { }

      OutArcIt(Invalid i) : Arc(i) { }

      OutArcIt(const StaticDigraph& digraph, const Node& node) {

	digraph.fastFirstOut(*this, node);

	digraph.fastLastOut(last, node);

        if (last == *this) *this = INVALID;

      }

      OutArcIt(const StaticDigraph& digraph, const Arc& arc) : Arc(arc) {

        if (arc != INVALID) {

          digraph.fastLastOut(last, digraph.source(arc));

        }

      }

      OutArcIt& operator++() { 

        StaticDigraph::fastNextOut(*this);

        if (last == *this) *this = INVALID;

        return *this; 

      }

    private:

      Arc last;

    };

    Node baseNode(const OutArcIt &arc) const {

      return Parent::source(static_cast<const Arc&>(arc));

    }

    Node runningNode(const OutArcIt &arc) const {

      return Parent::target(static_cast<const Arc&>(arc));

    }

    Node baseNode(const InArcIt &arc) const {

      return Parent::target(static_cast<const Arc&>(arc));

    }

    Node runningNode(const InArcIt &arc) const {

      return Parent::source(static_cast<const Arc&>(arc));

    }

  };

}

#endif