lemon/dheap.h
author Peter Kovacs <kpeter@inf.elte.hu>
Sat, 08 Jan 2011 22:49:09 +0100
changeset 1032 62ba43576f85
parent 706 9314d9339475
permissions -rw-r--r--
Doc group for TSP algorithms (#386)
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/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-
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 *
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 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.
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 *
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 * Copyright (C) 2003-2009
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 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
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 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
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 *
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 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
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 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
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 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
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 *
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 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
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 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
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 * purpose.
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 *
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 */
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#ifndef LEMON_DHEAP_H
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#define LEMON_DHEAP_H
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///\ingroup heaps
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///\file
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///\brief D-ary heap implementation.
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#include <vector>
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#include <utility>
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#include <functional>
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namespace lemon {
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  /// \ingroup heaps
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  ///
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  ///\brief D-ary heap data structure.
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  ///
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  /// This class implements the \e D-ary \e heap data structure.
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  /// It fully conforms to the \ref concepts::Heap "heap concept".
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  ///
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  /// The \ref DHeap "D-ary heap" is a generalization of the
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  /// \ref BinHeap "binary heap" structure, its nodes have at most
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  /// \c D children, instead of two.
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  /// \ref BinHeap and \ref QuadHeap are specialized implementations
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  /// of this structure for <tt>D=2</tt> and <tt>D=4</tt>, respectively.
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  ///
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  /// \tparam PR Type of the priorities of the items.
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  /// \tparam IM A read-writable item map with \c int values, used
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  /// internally to handle the cross references.
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  /// \tparam D The degree of the heap, each node have at most \e D
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  /// children. The default is 16. Powers of two are suggested to use
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  /// so that the multiplications and divisions needed to traverse the
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  /// nodes of the heap could be performed faster.
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  /// \tparam CMP A functor class for comparing the priorities.
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  /// The default is \c std::less<PR>.
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  ///
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  ///\sa BinHeap
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  ///\sa FouraryHeap
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#ifdef DOXYGEN
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  template <typename PR, typename IM, int D, typename CMP>
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#else
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  template <typename PR, typename IM, int D = 16,
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            typename CMP = std::less<PR> >
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#endif
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  class DHeap {
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  public:
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    /// Type of the item-int map.
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    typedef IM ItemIntMap;
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    /// Type of the priorities.
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    typedef PR Prio;
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    /// Type of the items stored in the heap.
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    typedef typename ItemIntMap::Key Item;
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    /// Type of the item-priority pairs.
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    typedef std::pair<Item,Prio> Pair;
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    /// Functor type for comparing the priorities.
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    typedef CMP Compare;
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    /// \brief Type to represent the states of the items.
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    ///
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    /// Each item has a state associated to it. It can be "in heap",
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    /// "pre-heap" or "post-heap". The latter two are indifferent from the
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    /// heap's point of view, but may be useful to the user.
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    ///
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    /// The item-int map must be initialized in such way that it assigns
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    /// \c PRE_HEAP (<tt>-1</tt>) to any element to be put in the heap.
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    enum State {
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      IN_HEAP = 0,    ///< = 0.
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      PRE_HEAP = -1,  ///< = -1.
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      POST_HEAP = -2  ///< = -2.
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    };
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  private:
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    std::vector<Pair> _data;
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    Compare _comp;
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    ItemIntMap &_iim;
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  public:
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    /// \brief Constructor.
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    ///
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    /// Constructor.
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    /// \param map A map that assigns \c int values to the items.
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    /// It is used internally to handle the cross references.
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    /// The assigned value must be \c PRE_HEAP (<tt>-1</tt>) for each item.
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    explicit DHeap(ItemIntMap &map) : _iim(map) {}
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    /// \brief Constructor.
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    ///
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    /// Constructor.
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    /// \param map A map that assigns \c int values to the items.
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    /// It is used internally to handle the cross references.
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    /// The assigned value must be \c PRE_HEAP (<tt>-1</tt>) for each item.
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    /// \param comp The function object used for comparing the priorities.
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    DHeap(ItemIntMap &map, const Compare &comp)
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      : _iim(map), _comp(comp) {}
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    /// \brief The number of items stored in the heap.
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    ///
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    /// This function returns the number of items stored in the heap.
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    int size() const { return _data.size(); }
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    /// \brief Check if the heap is empty.
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    ///
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    /// This function returns \c true if the heap is empty.
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    bool empty() const { return _data.empty(); }
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    /// \brief Make the heap empty.
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    ///
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    /// This functon makes the heap empty.
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    /// It does not change the cross reference map. If you want to reuse
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    /// a heap that is not surely empty, you should first clear it and
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    /// then you should set the cross reference map to \c PRE_HEAP
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    /// for each item.
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    void clear() { _data.clear(); }
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  private:
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    int parent(int i) { return (i-1)/D; }
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    int firstChild(int i) { return D*i+1; }
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    bool less(const Pair &p1, const Pair &p2) const {
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      return _comp(p1.second, p2.second);
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    }
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    void bubbleUp(int hole, Pair p) {
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      int par = parent(hole);
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      while( hole>0 && less(p,_data[par]) ) {
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        move(_data[par],hole);
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        hole = par;
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        par = parent(hole);
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      }
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      move(p, hole);
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    }
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    void bubbleDown(int hole, Pair p, int length) {
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      if( length>1 ) {
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        int child = firstChild(hole);
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        while( child+D<=length ) {
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          int min=child;
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          for (int i=1; i<D; ++i) {
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            if( less(_data[child+i], _data[min]) )
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              min=child+i;
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          }
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          if( !less(_data[min], p) )
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            goto ok;
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          move(_data[min], hole);
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          hole = min;
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          child = firstChild(hole);
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        }
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        if ( child<length ) {
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          int min = child;
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          while (++child < length) {
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            if( less(_data[child], _data[min]) )
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              min=child;
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          }
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          if( less(_data[min], p) ) {
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            move(_data[min], hole);
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            hole = min;
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          }
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        }
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      }
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    ok:
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      move(p, hole);
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    }
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    void move(const Pair &p, int i) {
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      _data[i] = p;
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      _iim.set(p.first, i);
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    }
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  public:
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    /// \brief Insert a pair of item and priority into the heap.
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    ///
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    /// This function inserts \c p.first to the heap with priority
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    /// \c p.second.
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    /// \param p The pair to insert.
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    /// \pre \c p.first must not be stored in the heap.
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    void push(const Pair &p) {
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      int n = _data.size();
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      _data.resize(n+1);
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      bubbleUp(n, p);
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    }
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    /// \brief Insert an item into the heap with the given priority.
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    ///
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    /// This function inserts the given item into the heap with the
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    /// given priority.
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    /// \param i The item to insert.
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    /// \param p The priority of the item.
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    /// \pre \e i must not be stored in the heap.
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    void push(const Item &i, const Prio &p) { push(Pair(i,p)); }
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    /// \brief Return the item having minimum priority.
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    ///
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    /// This function returns the item having minimum priority.
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    /// \pre The heap must be non-empty.
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    Item top() const { return _data[0].first; }
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    /// \brief The minimum priority.
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    ///
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    /// This function returns the minimum priority.
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    /// \pre The heap must be non-empty.
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    Prio prio() const { return _data[0].second; }
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    /// \brief Remove the item having minimum priority.
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    ///
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    /// This function removes the item having minimum priority.
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    /// \pre The heap must be non-empty.
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    void pop() {
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      int n = _data.size()-1;
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      _iim.set(_data[0].first, POST_HEAP);
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      if (n>0) bubbleDown(0, _data[n], n);
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      _data.pop_back();
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    }
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    /// \brief Remove the given item from the heap.
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    ///
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    /// This function removes the given item from the heap if it is
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    /// already stored.
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    /// \param i The item to delete.
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    /// \pre \e i must be in the heap.
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    void erase(const Item &i) {
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      int h = _iim[i];
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      int n = _data.size()-1;
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      _iim.set(_data[h].first, POST_HEAP);
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      if( h<n ) {
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        if( less(_data[parent(h)], _data[n]) )
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          bubbleDown(h, _data[n], n);
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        else
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          bubbleUp(h, _data[n]);
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      }
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      _data.pop_back();
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    }
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    /// \brief The priority of the given item.
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    ///
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    /// This function returns the priority of the given item.
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    /// \param i The item.
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    /// \pre \e i must be in the heap.
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    Prio operator[](const Item &i) const {
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      int idx = _iim[i];
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      return _data[idx].second;
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    }
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    /// \brief Set the priority of an item or insert it, if it is
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    /// not stored in the heap.
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    ///
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    /// This method sets the priority of the given item if it is
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    /// already stored in the heap. Otherwise it inserts the given
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    /// item into the heap with the given priority.
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    /// \param i The item.
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    /// \param p The priority.
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    void set(const Item &i, const Prio &p) {
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      int idx = _iim[i];
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      if( idx<0 )
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        push(i,p);
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      else if( _comp(p, _data[idx].second) )
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        bubbleUp(idx, Pair(i,p));
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      else
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        bubbleDown(idx, Pair(i,p), _data.size());
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    }
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    /// \brief Decrease the priority of an item to the given value.
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    ///
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    /// This function decreases the priority of an item to the given value.
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    /// \param i The item.
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    /// \param p The priority.
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    /// \pre \e i must be stored in the heap with priority at least \e p.
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    void decrease(const Item &i, const Prio &p) {
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      int idx = _iim[i];
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      bubbleUp(idx, Pair(i,p));
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    }
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    /// \brief Increase the priority of an item to the given value.
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    ///
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    /// This function increases the priority of an item to the given value.
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    /// \param i The item.
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    /// \param p The priority.
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    /// \pre \e i must be stored in the heap with priority at most \e p.
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    void increase(const Item &i, const Prio &p) {
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      int idx = _iim[i];
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      bubbleDown(idx, Pair(i,p), _data.size());
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    }
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    /// \brief Return the state of an item.
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    ///
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    /// This method returns \c PRE_HEAP if the given item has never
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    /// been in the heap, \c IN_HEAP if it is in the heap at the moment,
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    /// and \c POST_HEAP otherwise.
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    /// In the latter case it is possible that the item will get back
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    /// to the heap again.
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    /// \param i The item.
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    State state(const Item &i) const {
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      int s = _iim[i];
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      if (s>=0) s=0;
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      return State(s);
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    }
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    /// \brief Set the state of an item in the heap.
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    ///
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    /// This function sets the state of the given item in the heap.
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    /// It can be used to manually clear the heap when it is important
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    /// to achive better time complexity.
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    /// \param i The item.
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    /// \param st The state. It should not be \c IN_HEAP.
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    void state(const Item& i, State st) {
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      switch (st) {
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        case POST_HEAP:
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        case PRE_HEAP:
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          if (state(i) == IN_HEAP) erase(i);
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          _iim[i] = st;
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          break;
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        case IN_HEAP:
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          break;
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      }
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    }
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    /// \brief Replace an item in the heap.
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    ///
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    /// This function replaces item \c i with item \c j.
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    /// Item \c i must be in the heap, while \c j must be out of the heap.
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    /// After calling this method, item \c i will be out of the
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    /// heap and \c j will be in the heap with the same prioriority
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    /// as item \c i had before.
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    void replace(const Item& i, const Item& j) {
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      int idx=_iim[i];
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      _iim.set(i, _iim[j]);
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      _iim.set(j, idx);
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      _data[idx].first=j;
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    }
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  }; // class DHeap
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} // namespace lemon
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#endif // LEMON_DHEAP_H