/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-

  *

  * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.

  *

  * Copyright (C) 2003-2008

  * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport

  * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).

  *

  * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted

  * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For

  * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.

  *

  * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,

  * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any

  * purpose.

  *

  */

 #ifndef LEMON_DFS_H

 #define LEMON_DFS_H

 ///\ingroup search

 ///\file

 ///\brief DFS algorithm.

 #include <lemon/list_graph.h>

 #include <lemon/bits/path_dump.h>

 #include <lemon/core.h>

 #include <lemon/error.h>

 #include <lemon/assert.h>

 #include <lemon/maps.h>

 namespace lemon {

   ///Default traits class of Dfs class.

   ///Default traits class of Dfs class.

   ///\tparam GR Digraph type.

   template<class GR>

   struct DfsDefaultTraits

   {

     ///The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

     typedef GR Digraph;

     ///\brief The type of the map that stores the predecessor

     ///arcs of the %DFS paths.

     ///

     ///The type of the map that stores the predecessor

     ///arcs of the %DFS paths.

     ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.

     typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<typename Digraph::Arc> PredMap;

     ///Instantiates a \ref PredMap.

     ///This function instantiates a \ref PredMap.

     ///\param g is the digraph, to which we would like to define the

     ///\ref PredMap.

     ///\todo The digraph alone may be insufficient to initialize

     static PredMap *createPredMap(const Digraph &g)

     {

       return new PredMap(g);

     }

     ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.

     ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.

     ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.

     ///By default it is a NullMap.

     typedef NullMap<typename Digraph::Node,bool> ProcessedMap;

     ///Instantiates a \ref ProcessedMap.

     ///This function instantiates a \ref ProcessedMap.

     ///\param g is the digraph, to which

     ///we would like to define the \ref ProcessedMap

 #ifdef DOXYGEN

     static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &g)

 #else

     static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &)

 #endif

     {

       return new ProcessedMap();

     }

     ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     ///It must meet the \ref concepts::ReadWriteMap "ReadWriteMap" concept.

     typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<bool> ReachedMap;

     ///Instantiates a \ref ReachedMap.

     ///This function instantiates a \ref ReachedMap.

     ///\param g is the digraph, to which

     ///we would like to define the \ref ReachedMap.

     static ReachedMap *createReachedMap(const Digraph &g)

     {

       return new ReachedMap(g);

     }

     ///The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.

     ///The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.

     ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.

     typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<int> DistMap;

     ///Instantiates a \ref DistMap.

     ///This function instantiates a \ref DistMap.

     ///\param g is the digraph, to which we would like to define the

     ///\ref DistMap.

     static DistMap *createDistMap(const Digraph &g)

     {

       return new DistMap(g);

     }

   };

   ///%DFS algorithm class.

   ///\ingroup search

   ///This class provides an efficient implementation of the %DFS algorithm.

   ///

   ///There is also a \ref dfs() "function type interface" for the DFS

   ///algorithm, which is convenient in the simplier cases and it can be

   ///used easier.

   ///

   ///\tparam GR The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

   ///The default value is \ref ListDigraph. The value of GR is not used

   ///directly by \ref Dfs, it is only passed to \ref DfsDefaultTraits.

   ///\tparam TR Traits class to set various data types used by the algorithm.

   ///The default traits class is

   ///\ref DfsDefaultTraits "DfsDefaultTraits<GR>".

   ///See \ref DfsDefaultTraits for the documentation of

   ///a Dfs traits class.

 #ifdef DOXYGEN

   template <typename GR,

             typename TR>

 #else

   template <typename GR=ListDigraph,

             typename TR=DfsDefaultTraits<GR> >

 #endif

   class Dfs {

   public:

     ///\ref Exception for uninitialized parameters.

     ///This error represents problems in the initialization of the

     ///parameters of the algorithm.

     class UninitializedParameter : public lemon::UninitializedParameter {

     public:

       virtual const char* what() const throw() {

         return "lemon::Dfs::UninitializedParameter";

       }

     };

     ///The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

     typedef typename TR::Digraph Digraph;

     ///\brief The type of the map that stores the predecessor arcs of the

     ///DFS paths.

     typedef typename TR::PredMap PredMap;

     ///The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.

     typedef typename TR::DistMap DistMap;

     ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     typedef typename TR::ReachedMap ReachedMap;

     ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.

     typedef typename TR::ProcessedMap ProcessedMap;

     ///The type of the paths.

     typedef PredMapPath<Digraph, PredMap> Path;

     ///The traits class.

     typedef TR Traits;

   private:

     typedef typename Digraph::Node Node;

     typedef typename Digraph::NodeIt NodeIt;

     typedef typename Digraph::Arc Arc;

     typedef typename Digraph::OutArcIt OutArcIt;

     //Pointer to the underlying digraph.

     const Digraph *G;

     //Pointer to the map of predecessor arcs.

     PredMap *_pred;

     //Indicates if _pred is locally allocated (true) or not.

     bool local_pred;

     //Pointer to the map of distances.

     DistMap *_dist;

     //Indicates if _dist is locally allocated (true) or not.

     bool local_dist;

     //Pointer to the map of reached status of the nodes.

     ReachedMap *_reached;

     //Indicates if _reached is locally allocated (true) or not.

     bool local_reached;

     //Pointer to the map of processed status of the nodes.

     ProcessedMap *_processed;

     //Indicates if _processed is locally allocated (true) or not.

     bool local_processed;

     std::vector<typename Digraph::OutArcIt> _stack;

     int _stack_head;

     ///Creates the maps if necessary.

     ///\todo Better memory allocation (instead of new).

     void create_maps()

     {

       if(!_pred) {

         local_pred = true;

         _pred = Traits::createPredMap(*G);

       }

       if(!_dist) {

         local_dist = true;

         _dist = Traits::createDistMap(*G);

       }

       if(!_reached) {

         local_reached = true;

         _reached = Traits::createReachedMap(*G);

       }

       if(!_processed) {

         local_processed = true;

         _processed = Traits::createProcessedMap(*G);

       }

     }

   protected:

     Dfs() {}

   public:

     typedef Dfs Create;

     ///\name Named template parameters

     ///@{

     template <class T>

     struct DefPredMapTraits : public Traits {

       typedef T PredMap;

       static PredMap *createPredMap(const Digraph &)

       {

         throw UninitializedParameter();

       }

     };

     ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

     ///\ref PredMap type.

     ///

     ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

     ///\ref PredMap type.

     template <class T>

     struct DefPredMap : public Dfs<Digraph, DefPredMapTraits<T> > {

       typedef Dfs<Digraph, DefPredMapTraits<T> > Create;

     };

     template <class T>

     struct DefDistMapTraits : public Traits {

       typedef T DistMap;

       static DistMap *createDistMap(const Digraph &)

       {

         throw UninitializedParameter();

       }

     };

     ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

     ///\ref DistMap type.

     ///

     ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

     ///\ref DistMap type.

     template <class T>

     struct DefDistMap : public Dfs< Digraph, DefDistMapTraits<T> > {

       typedef Dfs<Digraph, DefDistMapTraits<T> > Create;

     };

     template <class T>

     struct DefReachedMapTraits : public Traits {

       typedef T ReachedMap;

       static ReachedMap *createReachedMap(const Digraph &)

       {

         throw UninitializedParameter();

       }

     };

     ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

     ///\ref ReachedMap type.

     ///

     ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

     ///\ref ReachedMap type.

     template <class T>

     struct DefReachedMap : public Dfs< Digraph, DefReachedMapTraits<T> > {

       typedef Dfs< Digraph, DefReachedMapTraits<T> > Create;

     };

     template <class T>

     struct DefProcessedMapTraits : public Traits {

       typedef T ProcessedMap;

       static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &)

       {

         throw UninitializedParameter();

       }

     };

     ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

     ///\ref ProcessedMap type.

     ///

     ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

     ///\ref ProcessedMap type.

     template <class T>

     struct DefProcessedMap : public Dfs< Digraph, DefProcessedMapTraits<T> > {

       typedef Dfs< Digraph, DefProcessedMapTraits<T> > Create;

     };

     struct DefDigraphProcessedMapTraits : public Traits {

       typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<bool> ProcessedMap;

       static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &g)

       {

         return new ProcessedMap(g);

       }

     };

     ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

     ///\ref ProcessedMap type to be <tt>Digraph::NodeMap<bool></tt>.

     ///

     ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

     ///\ref ProcessedMap type to be <tt>Digraph::NodeMap<bool></tt>.

     ///If you don't set it explicitly, it will be automatically allocated.

     template <class T>

     struct DefProcessedMapToBeDefaultMap :

       public Dfs< Digraph, DefDigraphProcessedMapTraits> {

       typedef Dfs< Digraph, DefDigraphProcessedMapTraits> Create;

     };

     ///@}

   public:

     ///Constructor.

     ///Constructor.

     ///\param g The digraph the algorithm runs on.

     Dfs(const Digraph &g) :

       G(&g),

       _pred(NULL), local_pred(false),

       _dist(NULL), local_dist(false),

       _reached(NULL), local_reached(false),

       _processed(NULL), local_processed(false)

     { }

     ///Destructor.

     ~Dfs()

     {

       if(local_pred) delete _pred;

       if(local_dist) delete _dist;

       if(local_reached) delete _reached;

       if(local_processed) delete _processed;

     }

     ///Sets the map that stores the predecessor arcs.

     ///Sets the map that stores the predecessor arcs.

     ///If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(),

     ///it will allocate one. The destructor deallocates this

     ///automatically allocated map, of course.

     ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>

     Dfs &predMap(PredMap &m)

     {

       if(local_pred) {

         delete _pred;

         local_pred=false;

       }

       _pred = &m;

       return *this;

     }

     ///Sets the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     ///Sets the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     ///If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(),

     ///it will allocate one. The destructor deallocates this

     ///automatically allocated map, of course.

     ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>

     Dfs &reachedMap(ReachedMap &m)

     {

       if(local_reached) {

         delete _reached;

         local_reached=false;

       }

       _reached = &m;

       return *this;

     }

     ///Sets the map that indicates which nodes are processed.

     ///Sets the map that indicates which nodes are processed.

     ///If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(),

     ///it will allocate one. The destructor deallocates this

     ///automatically allocated map, of course.

     ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>

     Dfs &processedMap(ProcessedMap &m)

     {

       if(local_processed) {

         delete _processed;

         local_processed=false;

       }

       _processed = &m;

       return *this;

     }

     ///Sets the map that stores the distances of the nodes.

     ///Sets the map that stores the distances of the nodes calculated by

     ///the algorithm.

     ///If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(),

     ///it will allocate one. The destructor deallocates this

     ///automatically allocated map, of course.

     ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>

     Dfs &distMap(DistMap &m)

     {

       if(local_dist) {

         delete _dist;

         local_dist=false;

       }

       _dist = &m;

       return *this;

     }

   public:

     ///\name Execution control

     ///The simplest way to execute the algorithm is to use

     ///one of the member functions called \ref lemon::Dfs::run() "run()".

     ///\n

     ///If you need more control on the execution, first you must call

     ///\ref lemon::Dfs::init() "init()", then you can add a source node

     ///with \ref lemon::Dfs::addSource() "addSource()".

     ///Finally \ref lemon::Dfs::start() "start()" will perform the

     ///actual path computation.

     ///@{

     ///Initializes the internal data structures.

     ///Initializes the internal data structures.

     ///

     void init()

     {

       create_maps();

       _stack.resize(countNodes(*G));

       _stack_head=-1;

       for ( NodeIt u(*G) ; u!=INVALID ; ++u ) {

         _pred->set(u,INVALID);

         _reached->set(u,false);

         _processed->set(u,false);

       }

     }

     ///Adds a new source node.

     ///Adds a new source node to the set of nodes to be processed.

     ///

     ///\pre The stack must be empty. (Otherwise the algorithm gives

     ///false results.)

     ///

     ///\warning Distances will be wrong (or at least strange) in case of

     ///multiple sources.

     void addSource(Node s)

     {

       LEMON_DEBUG(emptyQueue(), "The stack is not empty.");

       if(!(*_reached)[s])

         {

           _reached->set(s,true);

           _pred->set(s,INVALID);

           OutArcIt e(*G,s);

           if(e!=INVALID) {

             _stack[++_stack_head]=e;

             _dist->set(s,_stack_head);

           }

           else {

             _processed->set(s,true);

             _dist->set(s,0);

           }

         }

     }

     ///Processes the next arc.

     ///Processes the next arc.

     ///

     ///\return The processed arc.

     ///

     ///\pre The stack must not be empty.

     Arc processNextArc()

     {

       Node m;

       Arc e=_stack[_stack_head];

       if(!(*_reached)[m=G->target(e)]) {

         _pred->set(m,e);

         _reached->set(m,true);

         ++_stack_head;

         _stack[_stack_head] = OutArcIt(*G, m);

         _dist->set(m,_stack_head);

       }

       else {

         m=G->source(e);

         ++_stack[_stack_head];

       }

       while(_stack_head>=0 && _stack[_stack_head]==INVALID) {

         _processed->set(m,true);

         --_stack_head;

         if(_stack_head>=0) {

           m=G->source(_stack[_stack_head]);

           ++_stack[_stack_head];

         }

       }

       return e;

     }

     ///Next arc to be processed.

     ///Next arc to be processed.

     ///

     ///\return The next arc to be processed or \c INVALID if the stack

     ///is empty.

     OutArcIt nextArc() const

     {

       return _stack_head>=0?_stack[_stack_head]:INVALID;

     }

     ///\brief Returns \c false if there are nodes

     ///to be processed.

     ///

     ///Returns \c false if there are nodes

     ///to be processed in the queue (stack).

     bool emptyQueue() const { return _stack_head<0; }

     ///Returns the number of the nodes to be processed.

     ///Returns the number of the nodes to be processed in the queue (stack).

     int queueSize() const { return _stack_head+1; }

     ///Executes the algorithm.

     ///Executes the algorithm.

     ///

     ///This method runs the %DFS algorithm from the root node

     ///in order to compute the DFS path to each node.

     ///

     /// The algorithm computes

     ///- the %DFS tree,

     ///- the distance of each node from the root in the %DFS tree.

     ///

     ///\pre init() must be called and a root node should be

     ///added with addSource() before using this function.

     ///

     ///\note <tt>d.start()</tt> is just a shortcut of the following code.

     ///\code

     ///  while ( !d.emptyQueue() ) {

     ///    d.processNextArc();

     ///  }

     ///\endcode

     void start()

     {

       while ( !emptyQueue() ) processNextArc();

     }

     ///Executes the algorithm until the given target node is reached.

     ///Executes the algorithm until the given target node is reached.

     ///

     ///This method runs the %DFS algorithm from the root node

     ///in order to compute the DFS path to \c dest.

     ///

     ///The algorithm computes

     ///- the %DFS path to \c dest,

     ///- the distance of \c dest from the root in the %DFS tree.

     ///

     ///\pre init() must be called and a root node should be

     ///added with addSource() before using this function.

     void start(Node dest)

     {

       while ( !emptyQueue() && G->target(_stack[_stack_head])!=dest )

         processNextArc();

     }

     ///Executes the algorithm until a condition is met.

     ///Executes the algorithm until a condition is met.

     ///

     ///This method runs the %DFS algorithm from the root node

     ///until an arc \c a with <tt>am[a]</tt> true is found.

     ///

     ///\param am A \c bool (or convertible) arc map. The algorithm

     ///will stop when it reaches an arc \c a with <tt>am[a]</tt> true.

     ///

     ///\return The reached arc \c a with <tt>am[a]</tt> true or

     ///\c INVALID if no such arc was found.

     ///

     ///\pre init() must be called and a root node should be

     ///added with addSource() before using this function.

     ///

     ///\warning Contrary to \ref Bfs and \ref Dijkstra, \c am is an arc map,

     ///not a node map.

     template<class ArcBoolMap>

     Arc start(const ArcBoolMap &am)

     {

       while ( !emptyQueue() && !am[_stack[_stack_head]] )

         processNextArc();

       return emptyQueue() ? INVALID : _stack[_stack_head];

     }

     ///Runs the algorithm from the given node.

     ///This method runs the %DFS algorithm from node \c s

     ///in order to compute the DFS path to each node.

     ///

     ///The algorithm computes

     ///- the %DFS tree,

     ///- the distance of each node from the root in the %DFS tree.

     ///

     ///\note <tt>d.run(s)</tt> is just a shortcut of the following code.

     ///\code

     ///  d.init();

     ///  d.addSource(s);

     ///  d.start();

     ///\endcode

     void run(Node s) {

       init();

       addSource(s);

       start();

     }

     ///Finds the %DFS path between \c s and \c t.

     ///This method runs the %DFS algorithm from node \c s

     ///in order to compute the DFS path to \c t.

     ///

     ///\return The length of the <tt>s</tt>--<tt>t</tt> DFS path,

     ///if \c t is reachable form \c s, \c 0 otherwise.

     ///

     ///\note Apart from the return value, <tt>d.run(s,t)</tt> is

     ///just a shortcut of the following code.

     ///\code

     ///  d.init();

     ///  d.addSource(s);

     ///  d.start(t);

     ///\endcode

     int run(Node s,Node t) {

       init();

       addSource(s);

       start(t);

       return reached(t)?_stack_head+1:0;

     }

     ///Runs the algorithm to visit all nodes in the digraph.

     ///This method runs the %DFS algorithm in order to compute the

     ///%DFS path to each node.

     ///

     ///The algorithm computes

     ///- the %DFS tree,

     ///- the distance of each node from the root in the %DFS tree.

     ///

     ///\note <tt>d.run()</tt> is just a shortcut of the following code.

     ///\code

     ///  d.init();

     ///  for (NodeIt n(digraph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

     ///    if (!d.reached(n)) {

     ///      d.addSource(n);

     ///      d.start();

     ///    }

     ///  }

     ///\endcode

     void run() {

       init();

       for (NodeIt it(*G); it != INVALID; ++it) {

         if (!reached(it)) {

           addSource(it);

           start();

         }

       }

     }

     ///@}

     ///\name Query Functions

     ///The result of the %DFS algorithm can be obtained using these

     ///functions.\n

     ///Either \ref lemon::Dfs::run() "run()" or \ref lemon::Dfs::start()

     ///"start()" must be called before using them.

     ///@{

     ///The DFS path to a node.

     ///Returns the DFS path to a node.

     ///

     ///\warning \c t should be reachable from the root.

     ///

     ///\pre Either \ref run() or \ref start() must be called before

     ///using this function.

     Path path(Node t) const { return Path(*G, *_pred, t); }

     ///The distance of a node from the root.

     ///Returns the distance of a node from the root.

     ///

     ///\warning If node \c v is not reachable from the root, then

     ///the return value of this function is undefined.

     ///

     ///\pre Either \ref run() or \ref start() must be called before

     ///using this function.

     int dist(Node v) const { return (*_dist)[v]; }

     ///Returns the 'previous arc' of the %DFS tree for a node.

     ///This function returns the 'previous arc' of the %DFS tree for the

     ///node \c v, i.e. it returns the last arc of a %DFS path from the

     ///root to \c v. It is \c INVALID

     ///if \c v is not reachable from the root(s) or if \c v is a root.

     ///

     ///The %DFS tree used here is equal to the %DFS tree used in

     ///\ref predNode().

     ///

     ///\pre Either \ref run() or \ref start() must be called before using

     ///this function.

     Arc predArc(Node v) const { return (*_pred)[v];}

     ///Returns the 'previous node' of the %DFS tree.

     ///This function returns the 'previous node' of the %DFS

     ///tree for the node \c v, i.e. it returns the last but one node

     ///from a %DFS path from the root to \c v. It is \c INVALID

     ///if \c v is not reachable from the root(s) or if \c v is a root.

     ///

     ///The %DFS tree used here is equal to the %DFS tree used in

     ///\ref predArc().

     ///

     ///\pre Either \ref run() or \ref start() must be called before

     ///using this function.

     Node predNode(Node v) const { return (*_pred)[v]==INVALID ? INVALID:

                                   G->source((*_pred)[v]); }

     ///\brief Returns a const reference to the node map that stores the

     ///distances of the nodes.

     ///

     ///Returns a const reference to the node map that stores the

     ///distances of the nodes calculated by the algorithm.

     ///

     ///\pre Either \ref run() or \ref init()

     ///must be called before using this function.

     const DistMap &distMap() const { return *_dist;}

     ///\brief Returns a const reference to the node map that stores the

     ///predecessor arcs.

     ///

     ///Returns a const reference to the node map that stores the predecessor

     ///arcs, which form the DFS tree.

     ///

     ///\pre Either \ref run() or \ref init()

     ///must be called before using this function.

     const PredMap &predMap() const { return *_pred;}

     ///Checks if a node is reachable from the root(s).

     ///Returns \c true if \c v is reachable from the root(s).

     ///\pre Either \ref run() or \ref start()

     ///must be called before using this function.

     bool reached(Node v) const { return (*_reached)[v]; }

     ///@}

   };

   ///Default traits class of dfs() function.

   ///Default traits class of dfs() function.

   ///\tparam GR Digraph type.

   template<class GR>

   struct DfsWizardDefaultTraits

   {

     ///The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

     typedef GR Digraph;

     ///\brief The type of the map that stores the predecessor

     ///arcs of the %DFS paths.

     ///

     ///The type of the map that stores the predecessor

     ///arcs of the %DFS paths.

     ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.

     ///

     typedef NullMap<typename Digraph::Node,typename Digraph::Arc> PredMap;

     ///Instantiates a \ref PredMap.

     ///This function instantiates a \ref PredMap.

     ///\param g is the digraph, to which we would like to define the

     ///\ref PredMap.

     ///\todo The digraph alone may be insufficient to initialize

 #ifdef DOXYGEN

     static PredMap *createPredMap(const Digraph &g)

 #else

     static PredMap *createPredMap(const Digraph &)

 #endif

     {

       return new PredMap();

     }

     ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.

     ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.

     ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.

     typedef NullMap<typename Digraph::Node,bool> ProcessedMap;

     ///Instantiates a \ref ProcessedMap.

     ///This function instantiates a \ref ProcessedMap.

     ///\param g is the digraph, to which

     ///we would like to define the \ref ProcessedMap.

 #ifdef DOXYGEN

     static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &g)

 #else

     static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &)

 #endif

     {

       return new ProcessedMap();

     }

     ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     ///It must meet the \ref concepts::ReadWriteMap "ReadWriteMap" concept.

     typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<bool> ReachedMap;

     ///Instantiates a \ref ReachedMap.

     ///This function instantiates a \ref ReachedMap.

     ///\param g is the digraph, to which

     ///we would like to define the \ref ReachedMap.

     static ReachedMap *createReachedMap(const Digraph &g)

     {

       return new ReachedMap(g);

     }

     ///The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.

     ///The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.

     ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.

     ///

     typedef NullMap<typename Digraph::Node,int> DistMap;

     ///Instantiates a \ref DistMap.

     ///This function instantiates a \ref DistMap.

     ///\param g is the digraph, to which we would like to define

     ///the \ref DistMap

 #ifdef DOXYGEN

     static DistMap *createDistMap(const Digraph &g)

 #else

     static DistMap *createDistMap(const Digraph &)

 #endif

     {

       return new DistMap();

     }

   };

   /// Default traits class used by \ref DfsWizard

   /// To make it easier to use Dfs algorithm

   /// we have created a wizard class.

   /// This \ref DfsWizard class needs default traits,

   /// as well as the \ref Dfs class.

   /// The \ref DfsWizardBase is a class to be the default traits of the

   /// \ref DfsWizard class.

   template<class GR>

   class DfsWizardBase : public DfsWizardDefaultTraits<GR>

   {

     typedef DfsWizardDefaultTraits<GR> Base;

   protected:

     //The type of the nodes in the digraph.

     typedef typename Base::Digraph::Node Node;

     //Pointer to the digraph the algorithm runs on.

     void *_g;

     //Pointer to the map of reached nodes.

     void *_reached;

     //Pointer to the map of processed nodes.

     void *_processed;

     //Pointer to the map of predecessors arcs.

     void *_pred;

     //Pointer to the map of distances.

     void *_dist;

     //Pointer to the source node.

     Node _source;

     public:

     /// Constructor.

     /// This constructor does not require parameters, therefore it initiates

     /// all of the attributes to default values (0, INVALID).

     DfsWizardBase() : _g(0), _reached(0), _processed(0), _pred(0),

                       _dist(0), _source(INVALID) {}

     /// Constructor.

     /// This constructor requires some parameters,

     /// listed in the parameters list.

     /// Others are initiated to 0.

     /// \param g The digraph the algorithm runs on.

     /// \param s The source node.

     DfsWizardBase(const GR &g, Node s=INVALID) :

       _g(reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<GR*>(&g))),

       _reached(0), _processed(0), _pred(0), _dist(0), _source(s) {}

   };

   /// Auxiliary class for the function type interface of DFS algorithm.

   /// This auxiliary class is created to implement the function type

   /// interface of \ref Dfs algorithm. It uses the functions and features

   /// of the plain \ref Dfs, but it is much simpler to use it.

   /// It should only be used through the \ref dfs() function, which makes

   /// it easier to use the algorithm.

   ///

   /// Simplicity means that the way to change the types defined

   /// in the traits class is based on functions that returns the new class

   /// and not on templatable built-in classes.

   /// When using the plain \ref Dfs

   /// the new class with the modified type comes from

   /// the original class by using the ::

   /// operator. In the case of \ref DfsWizard only

   /// a function have to be called, and it will

   /// return the needed class.

   ///

   /// It does not have own \ref run() method. When its \ref run() method

   /// is called, it initiates a plain \ref Dfs object, and calls the

   /// \ref Dfs::run() method of it.

   template<class TR>

   class DfsWizard : public TR

   {

     typedef TR Base;

     ///The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

     typedef typename TR::Digraph Digraph;

     typedef typename Digraph::Node Node;

     typedef typename Digraph::NodeIt NodeIt;

     typedef typename Digraph::Arc Arc;

     typedef typename Digraph::OutArcIt OutArcIt;

     ///\brief The type of the map that stores the predecessor

     ///arcs of the shortest paths.

     typedef typename TR::PredMap PredMap;

     ///\brief The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.

     typedef typename TR::DistMap DistMap;

     ///\brief The type of the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     typedef typename TR::ReachedMap ReachedMap;

     ///\brief The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.

     typedef typename TR::ProcessedMap ProcessedMap;

   public:

     /// Constructor.

     DfsWizard() : TR() {}

     /// Constructor that requires parameters.

     /// Constructor that requires parameters.

     /// These parameters will be the default values for the traits class.

     DfsWizard(const Digraph &g, Node s=INVALID) :

       TR(g,s) {}

     ///Copy constructor

     DfsWizard(const TR &b) : TR(b) {}

     ~DfsWizard() {}

     ///Runs DFS algorithm from a source node.

     ///Runs DFS algorithm from a source node.

     ///The node can be given with the \ref source() function.

     void run()

     {

       if(Base::_source==INVALID) throw UninitializedParameter();

       Dfs<Digraph,TR> alg(*reinterpret_cast<const Digraph*>(Base::_g));

       if(Base::_reached)

         alg.reachedMap(*reinterpret_cast<ReachedMap*>(Base::_reached));

       if(Base::_processed)

         alg.processedMap(*reinterpret_cast<ProcessedMap*>(Base::_processed));

       if(Base::_pred)

         alg.predMap(*reinterpret_cast<PredMap*>(Base::_pred));

       if(Base::_dist)

         alg.distMap(*reinterpret_cast<DistMap*>(Base::_dist));

       alg.run(Base::_source);

     }

     ///Runs DFS algorithm from the given node.

     ///Runs DFS algorithm from the given node.

     ///\param s is the given source.

     void run(Node s)

     {

       Base::_source=s;

       run();

     }

     /// Sets the source node, from which the Dfs algorithm runs.

     /// Sets the source node, from which the Dfs algorithm runs.

     /// \param s is the source node.

     DfsWizard<TR> &source(Node s)

     {

       Base::_source=s;

       return *this;

     }

     template<class T>

     struct DefPredMapBase : public Base {

       typedef T PredMap;

       static PredMap *createPredMap(const Digraph &) { return 0; };

       DefPredMapBase(const TR &b) : TR(b) {}

     };

     ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter"

     ///for setting \ref PredMap object.

     ///

     ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter"

     ///for setting \ref PredMap object.

     template<class T>

     DfsWizard<DefPredMapBase<T> > predMap(const T &t)

     {

       Base::_pred=reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<T*>(&t));

       return DfsWizard<DefPredMapBase<T> >(*this);

     }

     template<class T>

     struct DefReachedMapBase : public Base {

       typedef T ReachedMap;

       static ReachedMap *createReachedMap(const Digraph &) { return 0; };

       DefReachedMapBase(const TR &b) : TR(b) {}

     };

     ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter"

     ///for setting \ref ReachedMap object.

     ///

     /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter"

     ///for setting \ref ReachedMap object.

     template<class T>

     DfsWizard<DefReachedMapBase<T> > reachedMap(const T &t)

     {

       Base::_reached=reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<T*>(&t));

       return DfsWizard<DefReachedMapBase<T> >(*this);

     }

     template<class T>

     struct DefProcessedMapBase : public Base {

       typedef T ProcessedMap;

       static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &) { return 0; };

       DefProcessedMapBase(const TR &b) : TR(b) {}

     };

     ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter"

     ///for setting \ref ProcessedMap object.

     ///

     /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter"

     ///for setting \ref ProcessedMap object.

     template<class T>

     DfsWizard<DefProcessedMapBase<T> > processedMap(const T &t)

     {

       Base::_processed=reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<T*>(&t));

       return DfsWizard<DefProcessedMapBase<T> >(*this);

     }

     template<class T>

     struct DefDistMapBase : public Base {

       typedef T DistMap;

       static DistMap *createDistMap(const Digraph &) { return 0; };

       DefDistMapBase(const TR &b) : TR(b) {}

     };

     ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter"

     ///for setting \ref DistMap object.

     ///

     ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter"

     ///for setting \ref DistMap object.

     template<class T>

     DfsWizard<DefDistMapBase<T> > distMap(const T &t)

     {

       Base::_dist=reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<T*>(&t));

       return DfsWizard<DefDistMapBase<T> >(*this);

     }

   };

   ///Function type interface for Dfs algorithm.

   ///\ingroup search

   ///Function type interface for Dfs algorithm.

   ///

   ///This function also has several

   ///\ref named-templ-func-param "named parameters",

   ///they are declared as the members of class \ref DfsWizard.

   ///The following

   ///example shows how to use these parameters.

   ///\code

   ///  dfs(g,source).predMap(preds).run();

   ///\endcode

   ///\warning Don't forget to put the \ref DfsWizard::run() "run()"

   ///to the end of the parameter list.

   ///\sa DfsWizard

   ///\sa Dfs

   template<class GR>

   DfsWizard<DfsWizardBase<GR> >

   dfs(const GR &g,typename GR::Node s=INVALID)

   {

     return DfsWizard<DfsWizardBase<GR> >(g,s);

   }

 #ifdef DOXYGEN

   /// \brief Visitor class for DFS.

   ///

   /// This class defines the interface of the DfsVisit events, and

   /// it could be the base of a real visitor class.

   template <typename _Digraph>

   struct DfsVisitor {

     typedef _Digraph Digraph;

     typedef typename Digraph::Arc Arc;

     typedef typename Digraph::Node Node;

     /// \brief Called for the source node of the DFS.

     ///

     /// This function is called for the source node of the DFS.

     void start(const Node& node) {}

     /// \brief Called when the source node is leaved.

     ///

     /// This function is called when the source node is leaved.

     void stop(const Node& node) {}

     /// \brief Called when a node is reached first time.

     ///

     /// This function is called when a node is reached first time.

     void reach(const Node& node) {}

     /// \brief Called when an arc reaches a new node.

     ///

     /// This function is called when the DFS finds an arc whose target node

     /// is not reached yet.

     void discover(const Arc& arc) {}

     /// \brief Called when an arc is examined but its target node is

     /// already discovered.

     ///

     /// This function is called when an arc is examined but its target node is

     /// already discovered.

     void examine(const Arc& arc) {}

     /// \brief Called when the DFS steps back from a node.

     ///

     /// This function is called when the DFS steps back from a node.

     void leave(const Node& node) {}

     /// \brief Called when the DFS steps back on an arc.

     ///

     /// This function is called when the DFS steps back on an arc.

     void backtrack(const Arc& arc) {}

   };

 #else

   template <typename _Digraph>

   struct DfsVisitor {

     typedef _Digraph Digraph;

     typedef typename Digraph::Arc Arc;

     typedef typename Digraph::Node Node;

     void start(const Node&) {}

     void stop(const Node&) {}

     void reach(const Node&) {}

     void discover(const Arc&) {}

     void examine(const Arc&) {}

     void leave(const Node&) {}

     void backtrack(const Arc&) {}

     template <typename _Visitor>

     struct Constraints {

       void constraints() {

         Arc arc;

         Node node;

         visitor.start(node);

         visitor.stop(arc);

         visitor.reach(node);

         visitor.discover(arc);

         visitor.examine(arc);

         visitor.leave(node);

         visitor.backtrack(arc);

       }

       _Visitor& visitor;

     };

   };

 #endif

   /// \brief Default traits class of DfsVisit class.

   ///

   /// Default traits class of DfsVisit class.

   /// \tparam _Digraph The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

   template<class _Digraph>

   struct DfsVisitDefaultTraits {

     /// \brief The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

     typedef _Digraph Digraph;

     /// \brief The type of the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     ///

     /// The type of the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     /// It must meet the \ref concepts::ReadWriteMap "ReadWriteMap" concept.

     typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<bool> ReachedMap;

     /// \brief Instantiates a \ref ReachedMap.

     ///

     /// This function instantiates a \ref ReachedMap.

     /// \param digraph is the digraph, to which

     /// we would like to define the \ref ReachedMap.

     static ReachedMap *createReachedMap(const Digraph &digraph) {

       return new ReachedMap(digraph);

     }

   };

   /// \ingroup search

   ///

   /// \brief %DFS algorithm class with visitor interface.

   ///

   /// This class provides an efficient implementation of the %DFS algorithm

   /// with visitor interface.

   ///

   /// The %DfsVisit class provides an alternative interface to the Dfs

   /// class. It works with callback mechanism, the DfsVisit object calls

   /// the member functions of the \c Visitor class on every DFS event.

   ///

   /// This interface of the DFS algorithm should be used in special cases

   /// when extra actions have to be performed in connection with certain

   /// events of the DFS algorithm. Otherwise consider to use Dfs or dfs()

   /// instead.

   ///

   /// \tparam _Digraph The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

   /// The default value is

   /// \ref ListDigraph. The value of _Digraph is not used directly by

   /// \ref DfsVisit, it is only passed to \ref DfsVisitDefaultTraits.

   /// \tparam _Visitor The Visitor type that is used by the algorithm.

   /// \ref DfsVisitor "DfsVisitor<_Digraph>" is an empty visitor, which

   /// does not observe the DFS events. If you want to observe the DFS

   /// events, you should implement your own visitor class.

   /// \tparam _Traits Traits class to set various data types used by the

   /// algorithm. The default traits class is

   /// \ref DfsVisitDefaultTraits "DfsVisitDefaultTraits<_Digraph>".

   /// See \ref DfsVisitDefaultTraits for the documentation of

   /// a DFS visit traits class.

 #ifdef DOXYGEN

   template <typename _Digraph, typename _Visitor, typename _Traits>

 #else

   template <typename _Digraph = ListDigraph,

             typename _Visitor = DfsVisitor<_Digraph>,

             typename _Traits = DfsDefaultTraits<_Digraph> >

 #endif

   class DfsVisit {

   public:

     /// \brief \ref Exception for uninitialized parameters.

     ///

     /// This error represents problems in the initialization

     /// of the parameters of the algorithm.

     class UninitializedParameter : public lemon::UninitializedParameter {

     public:

       virtual const char* what() const throw()

       {

         return "lemon::DfsVisit::UninitializedParameter";

       }

     };

     ///The traits class.

     typedef _Traits Traits;

     ///The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

     typedef typename Traits::Digraph Digraph;

     ///The visitor type used by the algorithm.

     typedef _Visitor Visitor;

     ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     typedef typename Traits::ReachedMap ReachedMap;

   private:

     typedef typename Digraph::Node Node;

     typedef typename Digraph::NodeIt NodeIt;

     typedef typename Digraph::Arc Arc;

     typedef typename Digraph::OutArcIt OutArcIt;

     //Pointer to the underlying digraph.

     const Digraph *_digraph;

     //Pointer to the visitor object.

     Visitor *_visitor;

     //Pointer to the map of reached status of the nodes.

     ReachedMap *_reached;

     //Indicates if _reached is locally allocated (true) or not.

     bool local_reached;

     std::vector<typename Digraph::Arc> _stack;

     int _stack_head;

     ///Creates the maps if necessary.

     ///\todo Better memory allocation (instead of new).

     void create_maps() {

       if(!_reached) {

         local_reached = true;

         _reached = Traits::createReachedMap(*_digraph);

       }

     }

   protected:

     DfsVisit() {}

   public:

     typedef DfsVisit Create;

     /// \name Named template parameters

     ///@{

     template <class T>

     struct DefReachedMapTraits : public Traits {

       typedef T ReachedMap;

       static ReachedMap *createReachedMap(const Digraph &digraph) {

         throw UninitializedParameter();

       }

     };

     /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

     /// ReachedMap type.

     ///

     /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting ReachedMap type.

     template <class T>

     struct DefReachedMap : public DfsVisit< Digraph, Visitor,

                                             DefReachedMapTraits<T> > {

       typedef DfsVisit< Digraph, Visitor, DefReachedMapTraits<T> > Create;

     };

     ///@}

   public:

     /// \brief Constructor.

     ///

     /// Constructor.

     ///

     /// \param digraph The digraph the algorithm runs on.

     /// \param visitor The visitor object of the algorithm.

     DfsVisit(const Digraph& digraph, Visitor& visitor)

       : _digraph(&digraph), _visitor(&visitor),

         _reached(0), local_reached(false) {}

     /// \brief Destructor.

     ~DfsVisit() {

       if(local_reached) delete _reached;

     }

     /// \brief Sets the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     ///

     /// Sets the map that indicates which nodes are reached.

     /// If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(),

     /// it will allocate one. The destructor deallocates this

     /// automatically allocated map, of course.

     /// \return <tt> (*this) </tt>

     DfsVisit &reachedMap(ReachedMap &m) {

       if(local_reached) {

         delete _reached;

         local_reached=false;

       }

       _reached = &m;

       return *this;

     }

   public:

     /// \name Execution control

     /// The simplest way to execute the algorithm is to use

     /// one of the member functions called \ref lemon::DfsVisit::run()

     /// "run()".

     /// \n

     /// If you need more control on the execution, first you must call

     /// \ref lemon::DfsVisit::init() "init()", then you can add several

     /// source nodes with \ref lemon::DfsVisit::addSource() "addSource()".

     /// Finally \ref lemon::DfsVisit::start() "start()" will perform the

     /// actual path computation.

     /// @{

     /// \brief Initializes the internal data structures.

     ///

     /// Initializes the internal data structures.

     void init() {

       create_maps();

       _stack.resize(countNodes(*_digraph));

       _stack_head = -1;

       for (NodeIt u(*_digraph) ; u != INVALID ; ++u) {

         _reached->set(u, false);

       }

     }

     ///Adds a new source node.

     ///Adds a new source node to the set of nodes to be processed.

     ///

     ///\pre The stack must be empty. (Otherwise the algorithm gives

     ///false results.)

     ///

     ///\warning Distances will be wrong (or at least strange) in case of

     ///multiple sources.

     void addSource(Node s)

     {

       LEMON_DEBUG(emptyQueue(), "The stack is not empty.");

       if(!(*_reached)[s]) {

           _reached->set(s,true);

           _visitor->start(s);

           _visitor->reach(s);

           Arc e;

           _digraph->firstOut(e, s);

           if (e != INVALID) {

             _stack[++_stack_head] = e;

           } else {

             _visitor->leave(s);

           }

         }

     }

     /// \brief Processes the next arc.

     ///

     /// Processes the next arc.

     ///

     /// \return The processed arc.

     ///

     /// \pre The stack must not be empty.

     Arc processNextArc() {

       Arc e = _stack[_stack_head];

       Node m = _digraph->target(e);

       if(!(*_reached)[m]) {

         _visitor->discover(e);

         _visitor->reach(m);

         _reached->set(m, true);

         _digraph->firstOut(_stack[++_stack_head], m);

       } else {

         _visitor->examine(e);

         m = _digraph->source(e);

         _digraph->nextOut(_stack[_stack_head]);

       }

       while (_stack_head>=0 && _stack[_stack_head] == INVALID) {

         _visitor->leave(m);

         --_stack_head;

         if (_stack_head >= 0) {

           _visitor->backtrack(_stack[_stack_head]);

           m = _digraph->source(_stack[_stack_head]);

           _digraph->nextOut(_stack[_stack_head]);

         } else {

           _visitor->stop(m);

         }

       }

       return e;

     }

     /// \brief Next arc to be processed.

     ///

     /// Next arc to be processed.

     ///

     /// \return The next arc to be processed or INVALID if the stack is

     /// empty.

     Arc nextArc() const {

       return _stack_head >= 0 ? _stack[_stack_head] : INVALID;

     }

     /// \brief Returns \c false if there are nodes

     /// to be processed.

     ///

     /// Returns \c false if there are nodes

     /// to be processed in the queue (stack).

     bool emptyQueue() const { return _stack_head < 0; }

     /// \brief Returns the number of the nodes to be processed.

     ///

     /// Returns the number of the nodes to be processed in the queue (stack).

     int queueSize() const { return _stack_head + 1; }

     /// \brief Executes the algorithm.

     ///

     /// Executes the algorithm.

     ///

     /// This method runs the %DFS algorithm from the root node

     /// in order to compute the %DFS path to each node.

     ///

     /// The algorithm computes

     /// - the %DFS tree,

     /// - the distance of each node from the root in the %DFS tree.

     ///

     /// \pre init() must be called and a root node should be

     /// added with addSource() before using this function.

     ///

     /// \note <tt>d.start()</tt> is just a shortcut of the following code.

     /// \code

     ///   while ( !d.emptyQueue() ) {

     ///     d.processNextArc();

     ///   }

     /// \endcode

     void start() {

       while ( !emptyQueue() ) processNextArc();

     }

     /// \brief Executes the algorithm until the given target node is reached.

     ///

     /// Executes the algorithm until the given target node is reached.

     ///

     /// This method runs the %DFS algorithm from the root node

     /// in order to compute the DFS path to \c dest.

     ///

     /// The algorithm computes

     /// - the %DFS path to \c dest,

     /// - the distance of \c dest from the root in the %DFS tree.

     ///

     /// \pre init() must be called and a root node should be added

     /// with addSource() before using this function.

     void start(Node dest) {

       while ( !emptyQueue() && _digraph->target(_stack[_stack_head]) != dest )

         processNextArc();

     }

     /// \brief Executes the algorithm until a condition is met.

     ///

     /// Executes the algorithm until a condition is met.

     ///

     /// This method runs the %DFS algorithm from the root node

     /// until an arc \c a with <tt>am[a]</tt> true is found.

     ///

     /// \param am A \c bool (or convertible) arc map. The algorithm

     /// will stop when it reaches an arc \c a with <tt>am[a]</tt> true.

     ///

     /// \return The reached arc \c a with <tt>am[a]</tt> true or

     /// \c INVALID if no such arc was found.

     ///

     /// \pre init() must be called and a root node should be added

     /// with addSource() before using this function.

     ///

     /// \warning Contrary to \ref Bfs and \ref Dijkstra, \c am is an arc map,

     /// not a node map.

     template <typename AM>

     Arc start(const AM &am) {

       while ( !emptyQueue() && !am[_stack[_stack_head]] )

         processNextArc();

       return emptyQueue() ? INVALID : _stack[_stack_head];

     }

     /// \brief Runs the algorithm from the given node.

     ///

     /// This method runs the %DFS algorithm from node \c s.

     /// in order to compute the DFS path to each node.

     ///

     /// The algorithm computes

     /// - the %DFS tree,

     /// - the distance of each node from the root in the %DFS tree.

     ///

     /// \note <tt>d.run(s)</tt> is just a shortcut of the following code.

     ///\code

     ///   d.init();

     ///   d.addSource(s);

     ///   d.start();

     ///\endcode

     void run(Node s) {

       init();

       addSource(s);

       start();

     }

     /// \brief Finds the %DFS path between \c s and \c t.

     /// This method runs the %DFS algorithm from node \c s

     /// in order to compute the DFS path to \c t.

     ///

     /// \return The length of the <tt>s</tt>--<tt>t</tt> DFS path,

     /// if \c t is reachable form \c s, \c 0 otherwise.

     ///

     /// \note Apart from the return value, <tt>d.run(s,t)</tt> is

     /// just a shortcut of the following code.

     ///\code

     ///   d.init();

     ///   d.addSource(s);

     ///   d.start(t);

     ///\endcode

     int run(Node s,Node t) {

       init();

       addSource(s);

       start(t);

       return reached(t)?_stack_head+1:0;

     }

     /// \brief Runs the algorithm to visit all nodes in the digraph.

     /// This method runs the %DFS algorithm in order to

     /// compute the %DFS path to each node.

     ///

     /// The algorithm computes

     /// - the %DFS tree,

     /// - the distance of each node from the root in the %DFS tree.

     ///

     /// \note <tt>d.run()</tt> is just a shortcut of the following code.

     ///\code

     ///   d.init();

     ///   for (NodeIt n(digraph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

     ///     if (!d.reached(n)) {

     ///       d.addSource(n);

     ///       d.start();

     ///     }

     ///   }

     ///\endcode

     void run() {

       init();

       for (NodeIt it(*_digraph); it != INVALID; ++it) {

         if (!reached(it)) {

           addSource(it);

           start();

         }

       }

     }

     ///@}

     /// \name Query Functions

     /// The result of the %DFS algorithm can be obtained using these

     /// functions.\n

     /// Either \ref lemon::DfsVisit::run() "run()" or

     /// \ref lemon::DfsVisit::start() "start()" must be called before

     /// using them.

     ///@{

     /// \brief Checks if a node is reachable from the root(s).

     ///

     /// Returns \c true if \c v is reachable from the root(s).

     /// \pre Either \ref run() or \ref start()

     /// must be called before using this function.

     bool reached(Node v) { return (*_reached)[v]; }

     ///@}

   };

 } //END OF NAMESPACE LEMON

 #endif