doc/groups.dox
author Alpar Juttner <alpar@cs.elte.hu>
Thu, 02 Apr 2015 12:57:18 +0200
changeset 1123 18c89646185e
parent 1092 dceba191c00d
child 1142 2f479109a71d
permissions -rw-r--r--
Suppress MSVC warning C4267 (#519)

C4267: conversion from 'size_t' to 'type', possible loss of data
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/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-
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 *
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 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.
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 *
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 * Copyright (C) 2003-2013
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 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
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 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
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 *
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 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
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 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
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 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
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 *
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 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
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 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
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 * purpose.
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 *
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 */
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namespace lemon {
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/**
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@defgroup datas Data Structures
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This group contains the several data structures implemented in LEMON.
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup graphs Graph Structures
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@ingroup datas
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\brief Graph structures implemented in LEMON.
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The implementation of combinatorial algorithms heavily relies on
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efficient graph implementations. LEMON offers data structures which are
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planned to be easily used in an experimental phase of implementation studies,
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and thereafter the program code can be made efficient by small modifications.
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The most efficient implementation of diverse applications require the
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usage of different physical graph implementations. These differences
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appear in the size of graph we require to handle, memory or time usage
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limitations or in the set of operations through which the graph can be
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accessed.  LEMON provides several physical graph structures to meet
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the diverging requirements of the possible users.  In order to save on
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running time or on memory usage, some structures may fail to provide
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some graph features like arc/edge or node deletion.
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Alteration of standard containers need a very limited number of
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operations, these together satisfy the everyday requirements.
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In the case of graph structures, different operations are needed which do
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not alter the physical graph, but gives another view. If some nodes or
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arcs have to be hidden or the reverse oriented graph have to be used, then
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this is the case. It also may happen that in a flow implementation
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the residual graph can be accessed by another algorithm, or a node-set
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is to be shrunk for another algorithm.
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LEMON also provides a variety of graphs for these requirements called
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\ref graph_adaptors "graph adaptors". Adaptors cannot be used alone but only
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in conjunction with other graph representations.
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You are free to use the graph structure that fit your requirements
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the best, most graph algorithms and auxiliary data structures can be used
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with any graph structure.
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<b>See also:</b> \ref graph_concepts "Graph Structure Concepts".
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup graph_adaptors Adaptor Classes for Graphs
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@ingroup graphs
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\brief Adaptor classes for digraphs and graphs
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This group contains several useful adaptor classes for digraphs and graphs.
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The main parts of LEMON are the different graph structures, generic
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graph algorithms, graph concepts, which couple them, and graph
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adaptors. While the previous notions are more or less clear, the
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latter one needs further explanation. Graph adaptors are graph classes
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which serve for considering graph structures in different ways.
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A short example makes this much clearer.  Suppose that we have an
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instance \c g of a directed graph type, say ListDigraph and an algorithm
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\code
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template <typename Digraph>
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int algorithm(const Digraph&);
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\endcode
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is needed to run on the reverse oriented graph.  It may be expensive
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(in time or in memory usage) to copy \c g with the reversed
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arcs.  In this case, an adaptor class is used, which (according
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to LEMON \ref concepts::Digraph "digraph concepts") works as a digraph.
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The adaptor uses the original digraph structure and digraph operations when
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methods of the reversed oriented graph are called.  This means that the adaptor
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have minor memory usage, and do not perform sophisticated algorithmic
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actions.  The purpose of it is to give a tool for the cases when a
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graph have to be used in a specific alteration.  If this alteration is
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obtained by a usual construction like filtering the node or the arc set or
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considering a new orientation, then an adaptor is worthwhile to use.
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To come back to the reverse oriented graph, in this situation
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\code
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template<typename Digraph> class ReverseDigraph;
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\endcode
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template class can be used. The code looks as follows
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\code
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ListDigraph g;
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ReverseDigraph<ListDigraph> rg(g);
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int result = algorithm(rg);
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\endcode
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During running the algorithm, the original digraph \c g is untouched.
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This techniques give rise to an elegant code, and based on stable
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graph adaptors, complex algorithms can be implemented easily.
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In flow, circulation and matching problems, the residual
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graph is of particular importance. Combining an adaptor implementing
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this with shortest path algorithms or minimum mean cycle algorithms,
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a range of weighted and cardinality optimization algorithms can be
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obtained. For other examples, the interested user is referred to the
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detailed documentation of particular adaptors.
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Since the adaptor classes conform to the \ref graph_concepts "graph concepts",
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an adaptor can even be applied to another one.
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The following image illustrates a situation when a \ref SubDigraph adaptor
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is applied on a digraph and \ref Undirector is applied on the subgraph.
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\image html adaptors2.png
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\image latex adaptors2.eps "Using graph adaptors" width=\textwidth
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The behavior of graph adaptors can be very different. Some of them keep
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capabilities of the original graph while in other cases this would be
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meaningless. This means that the concepts that they meet depend
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on the graph adaptor, and the wrapped graph.
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For example, if an arc of a reversed digraph is deleted, this is carried
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out by deleting the corresponding arc of the original digraph, thus the
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adaptor modifies the original digraph.
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However in case of a residual digraph, this operation has no sense.
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Let us stand one more example here to simplify your work.
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ReverseDigraph has constructor
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\code
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ReverseDigraph(Digraph& digraph);
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\endcode
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This means that in a situation, when a <tt>const %ListDigraph&</tt>
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reference to a graph is given, then it have to be instantiated with
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<tt>Digraph=const %ListDigraph</tt>.
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\code
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int algorithm1(const ListDigraph& g) {
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  ReverseDigraph<const ListDigraph> rg(g);
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  return algorithm2(rg);
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}
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\endcode
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup maps Maps
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@ingroup datas
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\brief Map structures implemented in LEMON.
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This group contains the map structures implemented in LEMON.
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LEMON provides several special purpose maps and map adaptors that e.g. combine
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new maps from existing ones.
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<b>See also:</b> \ref map_concepts "Map Concepts".
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup graph_maps Graph Maps
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@ingroup maps
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\brief Special graph-related maps.
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This group contains maps that are specifically designed to assign
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values to the nodes and arcs/edges of graphs.
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If you are looking for the standard graph maps (\c NodeMap, \c ArcMap,
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\c EdgeMap), see the \ref graph_concepts "Graph Structure Concepts".
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*/
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/**
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\defgroup map_adaptors Map Adaptors
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\ingroup maps
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\brief Tools to create new maps from existing ones
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This group contains map adaptors that are used to create "implicit"
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maps from other maps.
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Most of them are \ref concepts::ReadMap "read-only maps".
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They can make arithmetic and logical operations between one or two maps
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(negation, shifting, addition, multiplication, logical 'and', 'or',
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'not' etc.) or e.g. convert a map to another one of different Value type.
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The typical usage of this classes is passing implicit maps to
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algorithms.  If a function type algorithm is called then the function
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type map adaptors can be used comfortable. For example let's see the
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usage of map adaptors with the \c graphToEps() function.
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\code
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  Color nodeColor(int deg) {
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    if (deg >= 2) {
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      return Color(0.5, 0.0, 0.5);
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    } else if (deg == 1) {
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      return Color(1.0, 0.5, 1.0);
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    } else {
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      return Color(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
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    }
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  }
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  Digraph::NodeMap<int> degree_map(graph);
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  graphToEps(graph, "graph.eps")
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    .coords(coords).scaleToA4().undirected()
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    .nodeColors(composeMap(functorToMap(nodeColor), degree_map))
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    .run();
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\endcode
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The \c functorToMap() function makes an \c int to \c Color map from the
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\c nodeColor() function. The \c composeMap() compose the \c degree_map
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and the previously created map. The composed map is a proper function to
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get the color of each node.
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The usage with class type algorithms is little bit harder. In this
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case the function type map adaptors can not be used, because the
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function map adaptors give back temporary objects.
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\code
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  Digraph graph;
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  typedef Digraph::ArcMap<double> DoubleArcMap;
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  DoubleArcMap length(graph);
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  DoubleArcMap speed(graph);
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  typedef DivMap<DoubleArcMap, DoubleArcMap> TimeMap;
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  TimeMap time(length, speed);
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  Dijkstra<Digraph, TimeMap> dijkstra(graph, time);
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  dijkstra.run(source, target);
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\endcode
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We have a length map and a maximum speed map on the arcs of a digraph.
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The minimum time to pass the arc can be calculated as the division of
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the two maps which can be done implicitly with the \c DivMap template
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class. We use the implicit minimum time map as the length map of the
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\c Dijkstra algorithm.
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup paths Path Structures
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@ingroup datas
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\brief %Path structures implemented in LEMON.
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This group contains the path structures implemented in LEMON.
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LEMON provides flexible data structures to work with paths.
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All of them have similar interfaces and they can be copied easily with
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assignment operators and copy constructors. This makes it easy and
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efficient to have e.g. the Dijkstra algorithm to store its result in
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any kind of path structure.
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\sa \ref concepts::Path "Path concept"
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup heaps Heap Structures
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@ingroup datas
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\brief %Heap structures implemented in LEMON.
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This group contains the heap structures implemented in LEMON.
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LEMON provides several heap classes. They are efficient implementations
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of the abstract data type \e priority \e queue. They store items with
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specified values called \e priorities in such a way that finding and
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removing the item with minimum priority are efficient.
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The basic operations are adding and erasing items, changing the priority
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of an item, etc.
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Heaps are crucial in several algorithms, such as Dijkstra and Prim.
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The heap implementations have the same interface, thus any of them can be
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used easily in such algorithms.
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\sa \ref concepts::Heap "Heap concept"
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup auxdat Auxiliary Data Structures
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@ingroup datas
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\brief Auxiliary data structures implemented in LEMON.
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This group contains some data structures implemented in LEMON in
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order to make it easier to implement combinatorial algorithms.
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup geomdat Geometric Data Structures
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@ingroup auxdat
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\brief Geometric data structures implemented in LEMON.
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This group contains geometric data structures implemented in LEMON.
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 - \ref lemon::dim2::Point "dim2::Point" implements a two dimensional
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   vector with the usual operations.
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 - \ref lemon::dim2::Box "dim2::Box" can be used to determine the
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   rectangular bounding box of a set of \ref lemon::dim2::Point
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   "dim2::Point"'s.
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup matrices Matrices
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@ingroup auxdat
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\brief Two dimensional data storages implemented in LEMON.
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This group contains two dimensional data storages implemented in LEMON.
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup algs Algorithms
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\brief This group contains the several algorithms
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implemented in LEMON.
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This group contains the several algorithms
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implemented in LEMON.
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup search Graph Search
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@ingroup algs
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\brief Common graph search algorithms.
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This group contains the common graph search algorithms, namely
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\e breadth-first \e search (BFS) and \e depth-first \e search (DFS)
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\cite clrs01algorithms.
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup shortest_path Shortest Path Algorithms
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@ingroup algs
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\brief Algorithms for finding shortest paths.
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This group contains the algorithms for finding shortest paths in digraphs
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\cite clrs01algorithms.
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 - \ref Dijkstra algorithm for finding shortest paths from a source node
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   when all arc lengths are non-negative.
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 - \ref BellmanFord "Bellman-Ford" algorithm for finding shortest paths
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   from a source node when arc lenghts can be either positive or negative,
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   but the digraph should not contain directed cycles with negative total
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   length.
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 - \ref FloydWarshall "Floyd-Warshall" and \ref Johnson "Johnson" algorithms
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   for solving the \e all-pairs \e shortest \e paths \e problem when arc
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   lenghts can be either positive or negative, but the digraph should
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   not contain directed cycles with negative total length.
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 - \ref Suurballe A successive shortest path algorithm for finding
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   arc-disjoint paths between two nodes having minimum total length.
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup spantree Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithms
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@ingroup algs
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\brief Algorithms for finding minimum cost spanning trees and arborescences.
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This group contains the algorithms for finding minimum cost spanning
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trees and arborescences \cite clrs01algorithms.
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*/
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/**
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@defgroup max_flow Maximum Flow Algorithms
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@ingroup algs
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\brief Algorithms for finding maximum flows.
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This group contains the algorithms for finding maximum flows and
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feasible circulations \cite clrs01algorithms, \cite amo93networkflows.
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The \e maximum \e flow \e problem is to find a flow of maximum value between
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a single source and a single target. Formally, there is a \f$G=(V,A)\f$
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digraph, a \f$cap: A\rightarrow\mathbf{R}^+_0\f$ capacity function and
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\f$s, t \in V\f$ source and target nodes.
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A maximum flow is an \f$f: A\rightarrow\mathbf{R}^+_0\f$ solution of the
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following optimization problem.
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\f[ \max\sum_{sv\in A} f(sv) - \sum_{vs\in A} f(vs) \f]
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\f[ \sum_{uv\in A} f(uv) = \sum_{vu\in A} f(vu)
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    \quad \forall u\in V\setminus\{s,t\} \f]
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\f[ 0 \leq f(uv) \leq cap(uv) \quad \forall uv\in A \f]
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LEMON contains several algorithms for solving maximum flow problems:
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- \ref EdmondsKarp Edmonds-Karp algorithm
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  \cite edmondskarp72theoretical.
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- \ref Preflow Goldberg-Tarjan's preflow push-relabel algorithm
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  \cite goldberg88newapproach.
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- \ref DinitzSleatorTarjan Dinitz's blocking flow algorithm with dynamic trees
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  \cite dinic70algorithm, \cite sleator83dynamic.
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- \ref GoldbergTarjan !Preflow push-relabel algorithm with dynamic trees
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  \cite goldberg88newapproach, \cite sleator83dynamic.
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In most cases the \ref Preflow algorithm provides the
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fastest method for computing a maximum flow. All implementations
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also provide functions to query the minimum cut, which is the dual
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problem of maximum flow.
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\ref Circulation is a preflow push-relabel algorithm implemented directly
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for finding feasible circulations, which is a somewhat different problem,
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but it is strongly related to maximum flow.
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For more information, see \ref Circulation.
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*/
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   394
alpar@40
   395
/**
kpeter@663
   396
@defgroup min_cost_flow_algs Minimum Cost Flow Algorithms
alpar@40
   397
@ingroup algs
alpar@40
   398
kpeter@50
   399
\brief Algorithms for finding minimum cost flows and circulations.
alpar@40
   400
kpeter@609
   401
This group contains the algorithms for finding minimum cost flows and
alpar@1053
   402
circulations \cite amo93networkflows. For more information about this
kpeter@1049
   403
problem and its dual solution, see: \ref min_cost_flow
kpeter@755
   404
"Minimum Cost Flow Problem".
kpeter@406
   405
kpeter@663
   406
LEMON contains several algorithms for this problem.
kpeter@609
   407
 - \ref NetworkSimplex Primal Network Simplex algorithm with various
alpar@1053
   408
   pivot strategies \cite dantzig63linearprog, \cite kellyoneill91netsimplex.
kpeter@813
   409
 - \ref CostScaling Cost Scaling algorithm based on push/augment and
alpar@1053
   410
   relabel operations \cite goldberg90approximation, \cite goldberg97efficient,
alpar@1053
   411
   \cite bunnagel98efficient.
kpeter@813
   412
 - \ref CapacityScaling Capacity Scaling algorithm based on the successive
alpar@1053
   413
   shortest path method \cite edmondskarp72theoretical.
kpeter@813
   414
 - \ref CycleCanceling Cycle-Canceling algorithms, two of which are
alpar@1053
   415
   strongly polynomial \cite klein67primal, \cite goldberg89cyclecanceling.
kpeter@609
   416
kpeter@919
   417
In general, \ref NetworkSimplex and \ref CostScaling are the most efficient
kpeter@1003
   418
implementations.
kpeter@1003
   419
\ref NetworkSimplex is usually the fastest on relatively small graphs (up to
kpeter@1003
   420
several thousands of nodes) and on dense graphs, while \ref CostScaling is
kpeter@1003
   421
typically more efficient on large graphs (e.g. hundreds of thousands of
kpeter@1003
   422
nodes or above), especially if they are sparse.
kpeter@1003
   423
However, other algorithms could be faster in special cases.
kpeter@609
   424
For example, if the total supply and/or capacities are rather small,
alpar@1093
   425
\ref CapacityScaling is usually the fastest algorithm
alpar@1093
   426
(without effective scaling).
kpeter@1002
   427
kpeter@1002
   428
These classes are intended to be used with integer-valued input data
kpeter@1002
   429
(capacities, supply values, and costs), except for \ref CapacityScaling,
kpeter@1002
   430
which is capable of handling real-valued arc costs (other numerical
kpeter@1002
   431
data are required to be integer).
kpeter@1051
   432
alpar@1092
   433
For more details about these implementations and for a comprehensive
alpar@1053
   434
experimental study, see the paper \cite KiralyKovacs12MCF.
kpeter@1051
   435
It also compares these codes to other publicly available
kpeter@1051
   436
minimum cost flow solvers.
alpar@40
   437
*/
alpar@40
   438
alpar@40
   439
/**
kpeter@314
   440
@defgroup min_cut Minimum Cut Algorithms
alpar@209
   441
@ingroup algs
alpar@40
   442
kpeter@50
   443
\brief Algorithms for finding minimum cut in graphs.
alpar@40
   444
kpeter@559
   445
This group contains the algorithms for finding minimum cut in graphs.
alpar@40
   446
kpeter@406
   447
The \e minimum \e cut \e problem is to find a non-empty and non-complete
kpeter@406
   448
\f$X\f$ subset of the nodes with minimum overall capacity on
kpeter@406
   449
outgoing arcs. Formally, there is a \f$G=(V,A)\f$ digraph, a
kpeter@406
   450
\f$cap: A\rightarrow\mathbf{R}^+_0\f$ capacity function. The minimum
kpeter@50
   451
cut is the \f$X\f$ solution of the next optimization problem:
alpar@40
   452
alpar@210
   453
\f[ \min_{X \subset V, X\not\in \{\emptyset, V\}}
kpeter@713
   454
    \sum_{uv\in A: u\in X, v\not\in X}cap(uv) \f]
alpar@40
   455
kpeter@50
   456
LEMON contains several algorithms related to minimum cut problems:
alpar@40
   457
kpeter@406
   458
- \ref HaoOrlin "Hao-Orlin algorithm" for calculating minimum cut
kpeter@406
   459
  in directed graphs.
kpeter@406
   460
- \ref NagamochiIbaraki "Nagamochi-Ibaraki algorithm" for
kpeter@406
   461
  calculating minimum cut in undirected graphs.
kpeter@559
   462
- \ref GomoryHu "Gomory-Hu tree computation" for calculating
kpeter@406
   463
  all-pairs minimum cut in undirected graphs.
alpar@40
   464
alpar@40
   465
If you want to find minimum cut just between two distinict nodes,
kpeter@406
   466
see the \ref max_flow "maximum flow problem".
alpar@40
   467
*/
alpar@40
   468
alpar@40
   469
/**
kpeter@768
   470
@defgroup min_mean_cycle Minimum Mean Cycle Algorithms
alpar@40
   471
@ingroup algs
kpeter@768
   472
\brief Algorithms for finding minimum mean cycles.
alpar@40
   473
kpeter@771
   474
This group contains the algorithms for finding minimum mean cycles
alpar@1053
   475
\cite amo93networkflows, \cite karp78characterization.
alpar@40
   476
kpeter@768
   477
The \e minimum \e mean \e cycle \e problem is to find a directed cycle
kpeter@768
   478
of minimum mean length (cost) in a digraph.
kpeter@768
   479
The mean length of a cycle is the average length of its arcs, i.e. the
kpeter@768
   480
ratio between the total length of the cycle and the number of arcs on it.
alpar@40
   481
kpeter@768
   482
This problem has an important connection to \e conservative \e length
kpeter@768
   483
\e functions, too. A length function on the arcs of a digraph is called
kpeter@768
   484
conservative if and only if there is no directed cycle of negative total
kpeter@768
   485
length. For an arbitrary length function, the negative of the minimum
kpeter@768
   486
cycle mean is the smallest \f$\epsilon\f$ value so that increasing the
kpeter@768
   487
arc lengths uniformly by \f$\epsilon\f$ results in a conservative length
kpeter@768
   488
function.
alpar@40
   489
kpeter@768
   490
LEMON contains three algorithms for solving the minimum mean cycle problem:
alpar@1053
   491
- \ref KarpMmc Karp's original algorithm \cite karp78characterization.
kpeter@879
   492
- \ref HartmannOrlinMmc Hartmann-Orlin's algorithm, which is an improved
alpar@1053
   493
  version of Karp's algorithm \cite hartmann93finding.
kpeter@879
   494
- \ref HowardMmc Howard's policy iteration algorithm
alpar@1053
   495
  \cite dasdan98minmeancycle, \cite dasdan04experimental.
alpar@40
   496
kpeter@919
   497
In practice, the \ref HowardMmc "Howard" algorithm turned out to be by far the
kpeter@879
   498
most efficient one, though the best known theoretical bound on its running
kpeter@879
   499
time is exponential.
kpeter@879
   500
Both \ref KarpMmc "Karp" and \ref HartmannOrlinMmc "Hartmann-Orlin" algorithms
kpeter@1080
   501
run in time O(nm) and use space O(n<sup>2</sup>+m).
alpar@40
   502
*/
alpar@40
   503
alpar@40
   504
/**
kpeter@314
   505
@defgroup matching Matching Algorithms
alpar@40
   506
@ingroup algs
kpeter@50
   507
\brief Algorithms for finding matchings in graphs and bipartite graphs.
alpar@40
   508
kpeter@590
   509
This group contains the algorithms for calculating
alpar@40
   510
matchings in graphs and bipartite graphs. The general matching problem is
kpeter@590
   511
finding a subset of the edges for which each node has at most one incident
kpeter@590
   512
edge.
alpar@209
   513
alpar@40
   514
There are several different algorithms for calculate matchings in
alpar@40
   515
graphs.  The matching problems in bipartite graphs are generally
alpar@40
   516
easier than in general graphs. The goal of the matching optimization
kpeter@406
   517
can be finding maximum cardinality, maximum weight or minimum cost
alpar@40
   518
matching. The search can be constrained to find perfect or
alpar@40
   519
maximum cardinality matching.
alpar@40
   520
kpeter@406
   521
The matching algorithms implemented in LEMON:
kpeter@406
   522
- \ref MaxBipartiteMatching Hopcroft-Karp augmenting path algorithm
kpeter@406
   523
  for calculating maximum cardinality matching in bipartite graphs.
kpeter@406
   524
- \ref PrBipartiteMatching Push-relabel algorithm
kpeter@406
   525
  for calculating maximum cardinality matching in bipartite graphs.
kpeter@406
   526
- \ref MaxWeightedBipartiteMatching
kpeter@406
   527
  Successive shortest path algorithm for calculating maximum weighted
kpeter@406
   528
  matching and maximum weighted bipartite matching in bipartite graphs.
kpeter@406
   529
- \ref MinCostMaxBipartiteMatching
kpeter@406
   530
  Successive shortest path algorithm for calculating minimum cost maximum
kpeter@406
   531
  matching in bipartite graphs.
kpeter@406
   532
- \ref MaxMatching Edmond's blossom shrinking algorithm for calculating
kpeter@406
   533
  maximum cardinality matching in general graphs.
kpeter@406
   534
- \ref MaxWeightedMatching Edmond's blossom shrinking algorithm for calculating
kpeter@406
   535
  maximum weighted matching in general graphs.
kpeter@406
   536
- \ref MaxWeightedPerfectMatching
kpeter@406
   537
  Edmond's blossom shrinking algorithm for calculating maximum weighted
kpeter@406
   538
  perfect matching in general graphs.
deba@869
   539
- \ref MaxFractionalMatching Push-relabel algorithm for calculating
deba@869
   540
  maximum cardinality fractional matching in general graphs.
deba@869
   541
- \ref MaxWeightedFractionalMatching Augmenting path algorithm for calculating
deba@869
   542
  maximum weighted fractional matching in general graphs.
deba@869
   543
- \ref MaxWeightedPerfectFractionalMatching
deba@869
   544
  Augmenting path algorithm for calculating maximum weighted
deba@869
   545
  perfect fractional matching in general graphs.
alpar@40
   546
alpar@865
   547
\image html matching.png
alpar@873
   548
\image latex matching.eps "Min Cost Perfect Matching" width=\textwidth
alpar@40
   549
*/
alpar@40
   550
alpar@40
   551
/**
kpeter@714
   552
@defgroup graph_properties Connectivity and Other Graph Properties
alpar@40
   553
@ingroup algs
kpeter@714
   554
\brief Algorithms for discovering the graph properties
alpar@40
   555
kpeter@714
   556
This group contains the algorithms for discovering the graph properties
kpeter@714
   557
like connectivity, bipartiteness, euler property, simplicity etc.
kpeter@714
   558
kpeter@714
   559
\image html connected_components.png
kpeter@714
   560
\image latex connected_components.eps "Connected components" width=\textwidth
kpeter@714
   561
*/
kpeter@714
   562
kpeter@714
   563
/**
kpeter@919
   564
@defgroup planar Planar Embedding and Drawing
kpeter@714
   565
@ingroup algs
kpeter@714
   566
\brief Algorithms for planarity checking, embedding and drawing
kpeter@714
   567
kpeter@714
   568
This group contains the algorithms for planarity checking,
kpeter@714
   569
embedding and drawing.
kpeter@714
   570
kpeter@714
   571
\image html planar.png
kpeter@714
   572
\image latex planar.eps "Plane graph" width=\textwidth
kpeter@714
   573
*/
alpar@1092
   574
kpeter@1032
   575
/**
kpeter@1032
   576
@defgroup tsp Traveling Salesman Problem
kpeter@1032
   577
@ingroup algs
kpeter@1032
   578
\brief Algorithms for the symmetric traveling salesman problem
kpeter@1032
   579
kpeter@1032
   580
This group contains basic heuristic algorithms for the the symmetric
kpeter@1032
   581
\e traveling \e salesman \e problem (TSP).
kpeter@1032
   582
Given an \ref FullGraph "undirected full graph" with a cost map on its edges,
kpeter@1032
   583
the problem is to find a shortest possible tour that visits each node exactly
kpeter@1032
   584
once (i.e. the minimum cost Hamiltonian cycle).
kpeter@1032
   585
kpeter@1034
   586
These TSP algorithms are intended to be used with a \e metric \e cost
kpeter@1034
   587
\e function, i.e. the edge costs should satisfy the triangle inequality.
kpeter@1034
   588
Otherwise the algorithms could yield worse results.
kpeter@1032
   589
kpeter@1032
   590
LEMON provides five well-known heuristics for solving symmetric TSP:
kpeter@1032
   591
 - \ref NearestNeighborTsp Neareast neighbor algorithm
kpeter@1032
   592
 - \ref GreedyTsp Greedy algorithm
kpeter@1032
   593
 - \ref InsertionTsp Insertion heuristic (with four selection methods)
kpeter@1032
   594
 - \ref ChristofidesTsp Christofides algorithm
kpeter@1032
   595
 - \ref Opt2Tsp 2-opt algorithm
kpeter@1032
   596
kpeter@1036
   597
\ref NearestNeighborTsp, \ref GreedyTsp, and \ref InsertionTsp are the fastest
kpeter@1036
   598
solution methods. Furthermore, \ref InsertionTsp is usually quite effective.
kpeter@1036
   599
kpeter@1036
   600
\ref ChristofidesTsp is somewhat slower, but it has the best guaranteed
kpeter@1036
   601
approximation factor: 3/2.
kpeter@1036
   602
kpeter@1036
   603
\ref Opt2Tsp usually provides the best results in practice, but
kpeter@1036
   604
it is the slowest method. It can also be used to improve given tours,
kpeter@1036
   605
for example, the results of other algorithms.
kpeter@1036
   606
kpeter@1032
   607
\image html tsp.png
kpeter@1032
   608
\image latex tsp.eps "Traveling salesman problem" width=\textwidth
kpeter@1032
   609
*/
kpeter@714
   610
kpeter@714
   611
/**
kpeter@904
   612
@defgroup approx_algs Approximation Algorithms
kpeter@714
   613
@ingroup algs
kpeter@714
   614
\brief Approximation algorithms.
kpeter@714
   615
kpeter@714
   616
This group contains the approximation and heuristic algorithms
kpeter@714
   617
implemented in LEMON.
kpeter@904
   618
kpeter@904
   619
<b>Maximum Clique Problem</b>
kpeter@904
   620
  - \ref GrossoLocatelliPullanMc An efficient heuristic algorithm of
kpeter@904
   621
    Grosso, Locatelli, and Pullan.
alpar@40
   622
*/
alpar@40
   623
alpar@40
   624
/**
kpeter@314
   625
@defgroup auxalg Auxiliary Algorithms
alpar@40
   626
@ingroup algs
kpeter@50
   627
\brief Auxiliary algorithms implemented in LEMON.
alpar@40
   628
kpeter@559
   629
This group contains some algorithms implemented in LEMON
kpeter@50
   630
in order to make it easier to implement complex algorithms.
alpar@40
   631
*/
alpar@40
   632
alpar@40
   633
/**
alpar@40
   634
@defgroup gen_opt_group General Optimization Tools
kpeter@559
   635
\brief This group contains some general optimization frameworks
alpar@40
   636
implemented in LEMON.
alpar@40
   637
kpeter@559
   638
This group contains some general optimization frameworks
alpar@40
   639
implemented in LEMON.
alpar@40
   640
*/
alpar@40
   641
alpar@40
   642
/**
kpeter@755
   643
@defgroup lp_group LP and MIP Solvers
alpar@40
   644
@ingroup gen_opt_group
kpeter@755
   645
\brief LP and MIP solver interfaces for LEMON.
alpar@40
   646
kpeter@755
   647
This group contains LP and MIP solver interfaces for LEMON.
kpeter@755
   648
Various LP solvers could be used in the same manner with this
kpeter@755
   649
high-level interface.
kpeter@755
   650
alpar@1053
   651
The currently supported solvers are \cite glpk, \cite clp, \cite cbc,
alpar@1053
   652
\cite cplex, \cite soplex.
alpar@40
   653
*/
alpar@40
   654
alpar@209
   655
/**
kpeter@314
   656
@defgroup lp_utils Tools for Lp and Mip Solvers
alpar@40
   657
@ingroup lp_group
kpeter@50
   658
\brief Helper tools to the Lp and Mip solvers.
alpar@40
   659
alpar@40
   660
This group adds some helper tools to general optimization framework
alpar@40
   661
implemented in LEMON.
alpar@40
   662
*/
alpar@40
   663
alpar@40
   664
/**
alpar@40
   665
@defgroup metah Metaheuristics
alpar@40
   666
@ingroup gen_opt_group
alpar@40
   667
\brief Metaheuristics for LEMON library.
alpar@40
   668
kpeter@559
   669
This group contains some metaheuristic optimization tools.
alpar@40
   670
*/
alpar@40
   671
alpar@40
   672
/**
alpar@209
   673
@defgroup utils Tools and Utilities
kpeter@50
   674
\brief Tools and utilities for programming in LEMON
alpar@40
   675
kpeter@50
   676
Tools and utilities for programming in LEMON.
alpar@40
   677
*/
alpar@40
   678
alpar@40
   679
/**
alpar@40
   680
@defgroup gutils Basic Graph Utilities
alpar@40
   681
@ingroup utils
kpeter@50
   682
\brief Simple basic graph utilities.
alpar@40
   683
kpeter@559
   684
This group contains some simple basic graph utilities.
alpar@40
   685
*/
alpar@40
   686
alpar@40
   687
/**
alpar@40
   688
@defgroup misc Miscellaneous Tools
alpar@40
   689
@ingroup utils
kpeter@50
   690
\brief Tools for development, debugging and testing.
kpeter@50
   691
kpeter@559
   692
This group contains several useful tools for development,
alpar@40
   693
debugging and testing.
alpar@40
   694
*/
alpar@40
   695
alpar@40
   696
/**
kpeter@314
   697
@defgroup timecount Time Measuring and Counting
alpar@40
   698
@ingroup misc
kpeter@50
   699
\brief Simple tools for measuring the performance of algorithms.
kpeter@50
   700
kpeter@559
   701
This group contains simple tools for measuring the performance
alpar@40
   702
of algorithms.
alpar@40
   703
*/
alpar@40
   704
alpar@40
   705
/**
alpar@40
   706
@defgroup exceptions Exceptions
alpar@40
   707
@ingroup utils
kpeter@50
   708
\brief Exceptions defined in LEMON.
kpeter@50
   709
kpeter@559
   710
This group contains the exceptions defined in LEMON.
alpar@40
   711
*/
alpar@40
   712
alpar@40
   713
/**
alpar@40
   714
@defgroup io_group Input-Output
kpeter@50
   715
\brief Graph Input-Output methods
alpar@40
   716
kpeter@559
   717
This group contains the tools for importing and exporting graphs
kpeter@314
   718
and graph related data. Now it supports the \ref lgf-format
kpeter@314
   719
"LEMON Graph Format", the \c DIMACS format and the encapsulated
kpeter@314
   720
postscript (EPS) format.
alpar@40
   721
*/
alpar@40
   722
alpar@40
   723
/**
kpeter@351
   724
@defgroup lemon_io LEMON Graph Format
alpar@40
   725
@ingroup io_group
kpeter@314
   726
\brief Reading and writing LEMON Graph Format.
alpar@40
   727
kpeter@559
   728
This group contains methods for reading and writing
ladanyi@236
   729
\ref lgf-format "LEMON Graph Format".
alpar@40
   730
*/
alpar@40
   731
alpar@40
   732
/**
kpeter@314
   733
@defgroup eps_io Postscript Exporting
alpar@40
   734
@ingroup io_group
alpar@40
   735
\brief General \c EPS drawer and graph exporter
alpar@40
   736
kpeter@559
   737
This group contains general \c EPS drawing methods and special
alpar@209
   738
graph exporting tools.
kpeter@1050
   739
kpeter@1050
   740
\image html graph_to_eps.png
alpar@40
   741
*/
alpar@40
   742
alpar@40
   743
/**
kpeter@714
   744
@defgroup dimacs_group DIMACS Format
kpeter@388
   745
@ingroup io_group
kpeter@388
   746
\brief Read and write files in DIMACS format
kpeter@388
   747
kpeter@388
   748
Tools to read a digraph from or write it to a file in DIMACS format data.
kpeter@388
   749
*/
kpeter@388
   750
kpeter@388
   751
/**
kpeter@351
   752
@defgroup nauty_group NAUTY Format
kpeter@351
   753
@ingroup io_group
kpeter@351
   754
\brief Read \e Nauty format
kpeter@388
   755
kpeter@351
   756
Tool to read graphs from \e Nauty format data.
kpeter@351
   757
*/
kpeter@351
   758
kpeter@351
   759
/**
alpar@40
   760
@defgroup concept Concepts
alpar@40
   761
\brief Skeleton classes and concept checking classes
alpar@40
   762
kpeter@559
   763
This group contains the data/algorithm skeletons and concept checking
alpar@40
   764
classes implemented in LEMON.
alpar@40
   765
alpar@40
   766
The purpose of the classes in this group is fourfold.
alpar@209
   767
kpeter@318
   768
- These classes contain the documentations of the %concepts. In order
alpar@40
   769
  to avoid document multiplications, an implementation of a concept
alpar@40
   770
  simply refers to the corresponding concept class.
alpar@40
   771
alpar@40
   772
- These classes declare every functions, <tt>typedef</tt>s etc. an
kpeter@318
   773
  implementation of the %concepts should provide, however completely
alpar@40
   774
  without implementations and real data structures behind the
alpar@40
   775
  interface. On the other hand they should provide nothing else. All
alpar@40
   776
  the algorithms working on a data structure meeting a certain concept
alpar@40
   777
  should compile with these classes. (Though it will not run properly,
alpar@40
   778
  of course.) In this way it is easily to check if an algorithm
alpar@40
   779
  doesn't use any extra feature of a certain implementation.
alpar@40
   780
alpar@40
   781
- The concept descriptor classes also provide a <em>checker class</em>
kpeter@50
   782
  that makes it possible to check whether a certain implementation of a
alpar@40
   783
  concept indeed provides all the required features.
alpar@40
   784
alpar@40
   785
- Finally, They can serve as a skeleton of a new implementation of a concept.
alpar@40
   786
*/
alpar@40
   787
alpar@40
   788
/**
alpar@40
   789
@defgroup graph_concepts Graph Structure Concepts
alpar@40
   790
@ingroup concept
alpar@40
   791
\brief Skeleton and concept checking classes for graph structures
alpar@40
   792
kpeter@735
   793
This group contains the skeletons and concept checking classes of
kpeter@735
   794
graph structures.
alpar@40
   795
*/
alpar@40
   796
kpeter@314
   797
/**
kpeter@314
   798
@defgroup map_concepts Map Concepts
kpeter@314
   799
@ingroup concept
kpeter@314
   800
\brief Skeleton and concept checking classes for maps
kpeter@314
   801
kpeter@559
   802
This group contains the skeletons and concept checking classes of maps.
alpar@40
   803
*/
alpar@40
   804
alpar@40
   805
/**
kpeter@714
   806
@defgroup tools Standalone Utility Applications
kpeter@714
   807
kpeter@714
   808
Some utility applications are listed here.
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The standard compilation procedure (<tt>./configure;make</tt>) will compile
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them, as well.
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*/
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/**
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\anchor demoprograms
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@defgroup demos Demo Programs
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Some demo programs are listed here. Their full source codes can be found in
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the \c demo subdirectory of the source tree.
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In order to compile them, use the <tt>make demo</tt> or the
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<tt>make check</tt> commands.
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*/
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}