%% 

%% Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009 Elsevier Ltd

%% 

%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.

%% ---------------------------------------------

%% 

%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public

%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any

%% later version.  The latest version of this license is in

%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt

%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX

%% version 1999/12/01 or later.

%% 

%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is

%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.

%% 

%%% Modification of BibTeX style file elsarticle-num.bst

%%% ... by urlbst, version 0.6 (marked with "% urlbst")

%%% See <http://purl.org/nxg/dist/urlbst>

%%% Added webpage entry type, and url and lastchecked fields.

%%% Added eprint support.

%%% Added DOI support.

%%% Added hyperref support.

%%% Original headers follow...

%%

%% This is file `elsarticle-num.bst',

%% generated with the docstrip utility.

%%

%% The original source files were:

%%

%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-end,yr-par,yrp-x,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,pub-date,pub-xpar,pre-edn,url,url-nl,edpar,blk-com,in-col,pp,ed,abr,ednx,ord,jabr,and-xcom,xand,em-x,nfss')

%% After docstrip generation some manual changes were made (SP)

%% ----------------------------------------

ENTRY

  { address

    author

    booktitle

    chapter

    edition

    editor

    howpublished

    institution

    journal

    key

    month

    note

    number

    organization

    pages

    publisher

    school

    series

    title

    type

    volume

    year

    eprint % urlbst

    doi % urlbst

    url % urlbst

    lastchecked % urlbst

  }

  {}

  { label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

STRINGS { urlintro eprinturl eprintprefix doiprefix doiurl openinlinelink closeinlinelink } % urlbst...

INTEGERS { hrefform inlinelinks makeinlinelink addeprints adddoiresolver }

FUNCTION {init.urlbst.variables}

{

  "Available from: " 'urlintro := % prefix before URL

  "http://arxiv.org/abs/" 'eprinturl := % prefix to make URL from eprint ref

  "arXiv:" 'eprintprefix := % text prefix printed before eprint ref

  "http://dx.doi.org/" 'doiurl := % prefix to make URL from DOI

  "doi:" 'doiprefix :=      % text prefix printed before DOI ref

  #1 'addeprints :=         % 0=no eprints; 1=include eprints

  #1 'adddoiresolver :=     % 0=no DOI resolver; 1=include it

  #2 'hrefform :=           % 0=no crossrefs; 1=hypertex xrefs; 2=hyperref refs

  #1 'inlinelinks :=        % 0=URLs explicit; 1=URLs attached to titles

  % the following are internal state variables, not config constants

  #0 'makeinlinelink :=     % state variable managed by setup.inlinelink

  "" 'openinlinelink :=     % ditto

  "" 'closeinlinelink :=    % ditto

}

INTEGERS {

  bracket.state

  outside.brackets

  open.brackets

  within.brackets

  close.brackets

}

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}

{ #0 'outside.brackets := % urlbst

  #1 'open.brackets :=

  #2 'within.brackets :=

  #3 'close.brackets :=

  #0 'before.all :=

  #1 'mid.sentence :=

  #2 'after.sentence :=

  #3 'after.block :=

}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull.original}

{ 's :=

  output.state mid.sentence =

    { ", " * write$ }

    { output.state after.block =

        { add.period$ write$

          newline$

          "\newblock " write$

        }

        { output.state before.all =

            'write$

            { add.period$ " " * write$ }

          if$

        }

      if$

      mid.sentence 'output.state :=

    }

  if$

  s

}

FUNCTION {setup.inlinelink}

{ makeinlinelink

    { hrefform #1 = % hypertex

        { "\special {html:<a href=" quote$ * url * quote$ * "> }{" * 'openinlinelink :=

          "\special {html:</a>}" 'closeinlinelink :=

          }

        { hrefform #2 = % hyperref

            { "\href{" url * "}{" * 'openinlinelink :=

              "}" 'closeinlinelink :=

              }

            'skip$

          if$ % hrefform #2 =

        }

      if$ % hrefform #1 =

      #0 'makeinlinelink :=

    }

    'skip$

 if$ % makeinlinelink

}

FUNCTION {add.inlinelink}

{ openinlinelink empty$

    'skip$

    { openinlinelink swap$ * closeinlinelink *

      "" 'openinlinelink :=

      }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}

{ % Save the thing we've been asked to output

  's :=

  % If the bracket-state is close.brackets, then add a close-bracket to

  % what is currently at the top of the stack, and set bracket.state

  % to outside.brackets

  bracket.state close.brackets =

    { "]" *

      outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=

    }

    'skip$

  if$

  bracket.state outside.brackets =

    { % We're outside all brackets -- this is the normal situation.

      % Write out what's currently at the top of the stack, using the

      % original output.nonnull function.

      s

      add.inlinelink

      output.nonnull.original % invoke the original output.nonnull

    }

    { % Still in brackets.  Add open-bracket or (continuation) comma, add the

      % new text (in s) to the top of the stack, and move to the close-brackets

      % state, ready for next time (unless inbrackets resets it).  If we come

      % into this branch, then output.state is carefully undisturbed.

      bracket.state open.brackets =

        { " [" * }

        { ", " * } % bracket.state will be within.brackets

      if$

      s *

      close.brackets 'bracket.state :=

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {inbrackets}

{ bracket.state close.brackets =

    { within.brackets 'bracket.state := } % reset the state: not open nor closed

    { open.brackets 'bracket.state := }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.lastchecked}

{ lastchecked empty$

    { "" }

    { inbrackets "cited " lastchecked * }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {output}

{ duplicate$ empty$

    'pop$

    'output.nonnull

  if$

}

FUNCTION {output.check}

{ 't :=

  duplicate$ empty$

    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }

    'output.nonnull

  if$

}

FUNCTION {fin.entry.original}

{ add.period$

  write$

  newline$

}

FUNCTION {new.block}

{ output.state before.all =

    'skip$

    { after.block 'output.state := }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}

{ output.state after.block =

    'skip$

    { output.state before.all =

        'skip$

        { after.sentence 'output.state := }

      if$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {add.blank}

{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=

}

FUNCTION {date.block}

{

  add.blank

}

FUNCTION {not}

{   { #0 }

    { #1 }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {and}

{   'skip$

    { pop$ #0 }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {or}

{   { pop$ #1 }

    'skip$

  if$

}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}

{ empty$

    'skip$

    'new.block

  if$

}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}

{ empty$

  swap$ empty$

  and

    'skip$

    'new.block

  if$

}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}

{ empty$

    'skip$

    'new.sentence

  if$

}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}

{ empty$

  swap$ empty$

  and

    'skip$

    'new.sentence

  if$

}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}

{ duplicate$ empty$

    { pop$ "" }

    'skip$

  if$

}

FUNCTION {emphasize}

{ skip$ }

FUNCTION {capitalize}

{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }

FUNCTION {space.word}

{ " " swap$ * " " * }

 % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.

 % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.

 % The language selected here is ENGLISH

FUNCTION {bbl.and}

{ "and"}

FUNCTION {bbl.etal}

{ "et~al." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editors}

{ "Eds." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editor}

{ "Ed." }

FUNCTION {bbl.edby}

{ "edited by" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edition}

{ "Edition" }

FUNCTION {bbl.volume}

{ "Vol." }

FUNCTION {bbl.of}

{ "of" }

FUNCTION {bbl.number}

{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.nr}

{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.in}

{ "in" }

FUNCTION {bbl.pages}

{ "pp." }

FUNCTION {bbl.page}

{ "p." }

FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}

{ "Ch." }

FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}

{ "Tech. Rep." }

FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}

{ "Master's thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}

{ "Ph.D. thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.first}

{ "1st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.second}

{ "2nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.third}

{ "3rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}

{ "4th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}

{ "5th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.st}

{ "st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.nd}

{ "nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.rd}

{ "rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.th}

{ "th" }

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}

MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}

MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}

MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}

MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}

FUNCTION {eng.ord}

{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *

  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =

     { bbl.th * }

     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$

       duplicate$ "1" =

         { pop$ bbl.st * }

         { duplicate$ "2" =

             { pop$ bbl.nd * }

             { "3" =

                 { bbl.rd * }

                 { bbl.th * }

               if$

             }

           if$

          }

       if$

     }

   if$

}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}

MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}

MACRO {ieeetcad}

 {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}

MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}

MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}

FUNCTION {write.url}

{ url empty$

    { skip$ }

    { "\newline\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * write$ newline$ }

  if$

}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}

{ 's :=

  #1 'nameptr :=

  s num.names$ 'numnames :=

  numnames 'namesleft :=

    { namesleft #0 > }

    { s nameptr

      "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$

    't :=

      nameptr #1 >

        {

          namesleft #1 >

            { ", " * t * }

            {

              "," *

              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =

                { 't := }

                { pop$ }

              if$

              t "others" =

                {

                  " " * bbl.etal *

                }

                { " " * t * }

              if$

            }

          if$

        }

        't

      if$

      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=

      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=

    }

  while$

}

FUNCTION {format.names.ed}

{ format.names }

FUNCTION {format.authors}

{ author empty$

    { "" }

    { author format.names }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.editors}

{ editor empty$

    { "" }

    { editor format.names

      editor num.names$ #1 >

        { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }

        { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }

      if$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.in.editors}

{ editor empty$

    { "" }

    { editor format.names.ed

      editor num.names$ #1 >

        { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }

        { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }

      if$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.note}

{

 note empty$

    { "" }

    { note #1 #1 substring$

      duplicate$ "{" =

        'skip$

        { output.state mid.sentence =

          { "l" }

          { "u" }

        if$

        change.case$

        }

      if$

      note #2 global.max$ substring$ *

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.title}

{ title empty$

    { "" }

    { title "t" change.case$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem.original}

{ newline$

  "\bibitem{" write$

  cite$ write$

  "}" write$

  newline$

  ""

  before.all 'output.state :=

}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}

{

  't :=

  ""

    { t empty$ not }

    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =

        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not

            { "--" *

              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=

            }

            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }

                { "-" *

                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=

                }

              while$

            }

          if$

        }

        { t #1 #1 substring$ *

          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=

        }

      if$

    }

  while$

}

FUNCTION {word.in}

{ bbl.in

  ":" *

  " " * }

FUNCTION {format.date}

{ year empty$

    { month empty$

        { "" }

        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$

          month

        }

      if$

    }

    { month empty$

        'year

        { month " " * year * }

      if$

    }

  if$

  duplicate$ empty$

    'skip$

    {

      before.all 'output.state :=

    " (" swap$ * ")" *

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION{format.year}

{ year duplicate$ empty$

    { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }

    { "(" swap$ * ")" * }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}

{ title

}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}

{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <

    { "~" }

    { " " }

  if$

  swap$ * *

}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}

{ empty$

    'pop$

    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}

{ volume empty$

    { "" }

    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect

      series empty$

        'skip$

        { bbl.of space.word * series emphasize * }

      if$

      "volume and number" number either.or.check

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}

{ volume empty$

    { number empty$

        { series field.or.null }

        { output.state mid.sentence =

            { bbl.number }

            { bbl.number capitalize }

          if$

          number tie.or.space.connect

          series empty$

            { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }

            { bbl.in space.word * series * }

          if$

        }

      if$

    }

    { "" }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {is.num}

{ chr.to.int$

  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not

  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and

}

FUNCTION {extract.num}

{ duplicate$ 't :=

  "" 's :=

  { t empty$ not }

  { t #1 #1 substring$

    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=

    duplicate$ is.num

      { s swap$ * 's := }

      { pop$ "" 't := }

    if$

  }

  while$

  s empty$

    'skip$

    { pop$ s }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {convert.edition}

{ edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=

  s "first" = s "1" = or

    { bbl.first 't := }

    { s "second" = s "2" = or

        { bbl.second 't := }

        { s "third" = s "3" = or

            { bbl.third 't := }

            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or

                { bbl.fourth 't := }

                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or

                    { bbl.fifth 't := }

                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num

                        { s eng.ord 't := }

                        { edition 't := }

                      if$

                    }

                  if$

                }

              if$

            }

          if$

        }

      if$

    }

  if$

  t

}

FUNCTION {format.edition}

{ edition empty$

    { "" }

    { output.state mid.sentence =

        { convert.edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }

        { convert.edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }

      if$

    }

  if$

}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}

{ 't :=

  #0 'multiresult :=

    { multiresult not

      t empty$ not

      and

    }

    { t #1 #1 substring$

      duplicate$ "-" =

      swap$ duplicate$ "," =

      swap$ "+" =

      or or

        { #1 'multiresult := }

        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }

      if$

    }

  while$

  multiresult

}

FUNCTION {format.pages}

{ pages empty$

    { "" }

    { pages multi.page.check

        { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }

        { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }

      if$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}

{ pages empty$

    'skip$

    { duplicate$ empty$

        { pop$ format.pages }

        {

          " " *

          format.year * " " *

          pages n.dashify *

        }

      if$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}

{

  % volume field.or.null

  " "

  volume empty$

    { pop$ "" }

    { volume * }

  if$

  number empty$

    'skip$

    {

      "~(" number * ")" * *

      volume empty$

        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }

        'skip$

      if$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}

{ chapter empty$

    { "" }

    { type empty$

        { bbl.chapter }

        { type "l" change.case$ }

      if$

      chapter tie.or.space.connect

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}

{ booktitle empty$

    { "" }

    { editor empty$

        { word.in booktitle * }

        { word.in format.in.editors * ", " *

          booktitle * }

      if$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}

{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$

  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$

  and and and and and

    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }

    'skip$

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}

{ type empty$

    'skip$

    { pop$

      type "t" change.case$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}

{ type empty$

    { bbl.techrep }

    'type

  if$

  number empty$

    { "t" change.case$ }

    { number tie.or.space.connect }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}

{

  key empty$

    { journal empty$

        { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *

          warning$

          ""

        }

        { word.in journal emphasize * }

      if$

    }

    { word.in key * " " *}

  if$

  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *

}

FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}

{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$

  editor num.names$ duplicate$

  #2 >

    { pop$

      " " * bbl.etal *

    }

    { #2 <

        'skip$

        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =

            {

              " " * bbl.etal *

            }

            { bbl.and space.word * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$

              * }

          if$

        }

      if$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}

{ volume empty$

    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$

      word.in

    }

    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect

      bbl.of space.word *

    }

  if$

  editor empty$

  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =

  or

    { key empty$

        { series empty$

            { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *

              crossref * warning$

              "" *

            }

            { series emphasize * }

          if$

        }

        { key * }

      if$

    }

    { format.crossref.editor * }

  if$

  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *

}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}

{

  editor empty$

  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =

  or

    { key empty$

        { booktitle empty$

            { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *

              crossref * warning$

              ""

            }

            { word.in booktitle * }

          if$

        }

        { word.in key * " " *}

      if$

    }

    { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}

  if$

  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *

}

FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}

{ 't :=

  ""

  year empty$

    { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }

    'skip$

  if$