% \iffalse meta-comment

 %

 % Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009 by Elsevier Ltd

 % -----------------------------------------------

 % 

 % This file may be distributed and/or modified under the

 % conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.2

 % of this license or (at your option) any later version.

 % The latest version of this license is in:

 %

 %    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt

 %

 % and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX 

 % version 1999/12/01 or later.

 %

 % \fi

 % \CheckSum{2196}

 %

 % \iffalse

 %<*driver>

 \documentclass{ltxdoc}

 \EnableCrossrefs         

 \CodelineIndex

 \RecordChanges

 \usepackage{comment}

 \begin{document}

   \DocInput{elsarticle.dtx}

   \PrintChanges

   \PrintIndex

 \end{document}

 %</driver>

 % \fi

 %

 % \CharacterTable

 %  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z

 %   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z

 %   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9

 %   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#

 %   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&

 %   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)

 %   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,

 %   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/

 %   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<

 %   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?

 %   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\

 %   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_

 %   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|

 %   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}

 %

 %

 % \changes{v1.1}{2008/09/25}{Initial version}

 %

 %

 % \changes{v1.2}{2009/09/17}{Documentation, templates, and *.bst

 %    has been seperated from this .dtx. Incompatibility problems

 %    with amsref.sty, fncylab.sty have been fixed. Some bugs related

 %    to author/affiliation part have been fixed.}

 %

 % \GetFileInfo{elsarticle.dtx}

 %

 % \DoNotIndex{\newcommand,\newenvironment}

 % 

 %

 % \title{The \textsf{elsarticle.cls} -- Implimentation}

 % \author{Elsevier Ltd}

 %

 % \maketitle

 %

 % \StopEventually{}

 %

 % \section{Implementation}

 %

 %    \begin{macrocode}

 %<*class>

 %% 

 %% $Id: elsarticle.cls,v 1.20 2008-10-13 04:24:12 cvr Exp $

 %%

  \def\RCSfile{elsarticle}%

  \def\RCSversion{1.2.0}%

  \def\RCSdate{2009/09/17}%

  \def\@shortjnl{\relax}

  \def\@journal{Elsevier Ltd} \def\@company{Elsevier Ltd}

  \def\@issn{000-0000}

  \def\@shortjid{elsarticle}

 \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]

 \ProvidesClass{\@shortjid}[\RCSdate, \RCSversion: \@journal]

 \def\ABD{\AtBeginDocument}

 \newif\ifpreprint \preprintfalse

 \newif\iflongmktitle \longmktitlefalse

 \def\@blstr{1}

 \newdimen\@bls

 \@bls=\baselineskip

 \def\@finalWarning{%

   *****************************************************\MessageBreak

    This document is typeset in the CRC style which\MessageBreak

    is not suitable for submission.\MessageBreak

    \MessageBreak

    Please typeset again using 'preprint' option\MessageBreak

    for creating PDF suitable for submission.\MessageBreak

   ******************************************************\MessageBreak

 }

 \DeclareOption{preprint}{\global\preprinttrue

   \gdef\@blstr{1}\xdef\jtype{0}%

    \AtBeginDocument{\@twosidefalse\@mparswitchfalse}}

 \DeclareOption{final}{\gdef\@blstr{1}\global\preprintfalse}

 \DeclareOption{review}{\global\preprinttrue\gdef\@blstr{1.5}}

 \DeclareOption{authoryear}{\xdef\@biboptions{round,authoryear}}

 \DeclareOption{number}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}

 \DeclareOption{numbers}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}

 \DeclareOption{longtitle}{\global\longmktitletrue}

 \DeclareOption{5p}{\xdef\jtype{5}\global\preprintfalse

   \ExecuteOptions{twocolumn}}

   \def\jtype{0}

 \DeclareOption{3p}{\xdef\jtype{3}\global\preprintfalse}

 \DeclareOption{1p}{\xdef\jtype{1}\global\preprintfalse

   \AtBeginDocument{\@twocolumnfalse}}

 \DeclareOption{times}{\IfFileExists{txfonts.sty}%

   {\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage{txfonts}%

   \gdef\ttdefault{cmtt}%

    \let\iint\relax

   \let\iiint\relax

   \let\iiiint\relax

   \let\idotsint\relax

   \let\openbox\relax}}{\RequirePackage{times}}}

 \ExecuteOptions{a4paper,10pt,oneside,onecolumn,number,preprint}

 \DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}

 \ProcessOptions

 \LoadClass{article}

 \RequirePackage{graphicx}

 %    \end{macrocode}

 % 

 % \section{Preamble}

 %

 %    \begin{macrocode}

 \let\comma\@empty

 \let\tnotesep\@empty

 \def\title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}}

 \let\@title\@empty

 \def\elsLabel#1{\@bsphack\protected@write\@auxout{}%

          {\string\Newlabel{#1}{\@currentlabel}}\@esphack}

 \def\Newlabel#1#2{\expandafter\xdef\csname X@#1\endcsname{#2}}

 \def\elsRef#1{\@ifundefined{X@#1}{0}{\csname X@#1\endcsname}%

 }

 \def\tnotemark[#1]{\textsuperscript{\@for\@@tmark:=#1\do{%

       \edef\tnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@tmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@tmark}}}%

       \ifcase\tnotenum\or\ding{73}\or,\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}}%

 }

 \let\@tnotemark\@empty

 \let\@tnotes\@empty

 \RequirePackage{pifont}

 \newcounter{tnote}

 \def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{%

   \refstepcounter{tnote}\elsLabel{#1}%

    \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or\ding{73}\or\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}%

     \footnotetext{#2}}}

 \let\@nonumnotes\@empty

 \def\nonumnote#1{\g@addto@macro\@nonumnotes{%

      \let\thefootnote\relax\footnotetext{#1}}}

 \newcounter{fnote}

 \def\fnmark[#1]{\let\comma\@empty

     \def\@fnmark{\@for\@@fnmark:=#1\do{%

     \edef\fnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@fnmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@fnmark}}}%

   \unskip\comma\fnotenum\let\comma,}}%

 }

 \let\@fnotes\@empty\let\@fnmark\@empty

 \def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{%

      \refstepcounter{fnote}\elsLabel{#1}%

    \def\thefootnote{\thefnote}%

    \global\setcounter{footnote}{\thefnote}%

    \footnotetext{#2}}}

 \def\cormark[#1]{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}%

     \unskip\textsuperscript{\sep\ifcase\cnotenum\or

        $\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hspace{-1pt}}\let\sep=,}

 \let\@cormark\@empty

 \let\@cornotes\@empty

 \newcounter{cnote}

 \def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{%

     \refstepcounter{cnote}\elsLabel{#1}%

     \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\thecnote\or$\ast$\or

     $\ast\ast$\fi}%

     \footnotetext{#2}}}

 \let\@corref\@empty

 %\def\corref#1{\cormark[#1]}

 \def\corref#1{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}%

     \edef\@corref{\ifcase\cnotenum\or

          $\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hskip-1pt}}

 \def\fnref#1{\fnmark[#1]}

 \def\tnoteref#1{\tnotemark[#1]}

 \def\resetTitleCounters{\c@cnote=0

    \c@fnote=0 \c@tnote=0 \c@footnote=0}

 \let\eadsep\@empty

 \let\@elseads\@empty

 \let\@elsuads\@empty

 \let\@cormark\@empty

 \def\hashchar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\~}

 \def\underscorechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\_}

 \def\lbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}

 \def\rbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}

 \def\ead{\@ifnextchar[{\@uad}{\@ead}}

 \gdef\@ead#1{\bgroup\def\_{\string\underscorechar\space}%

   \def\{{\string\lbracechar\space}%

    \def~{\hashchar\space}%

    \def\}{\string\rbracechar\space}%

    \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}

    \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\emailauthor

      {#1}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%

   \egroup

 }

 \newcounter{ead}

 \gdef\emailauthor#1#2{\stepcounter{ead}%

      \g@addto@macro\@elseads{\raggedright%

       \let\corref\@gobble

       \eadsep\texttt{#1} (#2)\def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%

 }

 \gdef\@uad[#1]#2{\bgroup

   \def~{\string\hashchar\space}%

   \def\_{\string\underscorechar\space}%

    \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}

    \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\urlauthor

      {#2}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%

   \egroup

 }

 \def\urlauthor#1#2{\g@addto@macro\@elsuads{\let\corref\@gobble%

      \raggedright\eadsep\texttt{#1}\space(#2)%

      \def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%

 }

 \def\elsauthors{}

 \def\pprinttitle{}

 \let\authorsep\@empty

 \let\sep\@empty

 \newcounter{author}

 \def\author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}}

 \newtoks\@eadauthor

 \def\@@author[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%

     \def\baselinestretch{1}%

     \authorsep#2\unskip\textsuperscript{%#1%

       \@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{%

        \edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@affmark}}}%

      \unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}%

       \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi

       \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi

       }%

     \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%

     \global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty

     \global\let\@fnmark\@empty}%

     \@eadauthor={#2}

 }

 \def\@author#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize%

     \def\baselinestretch{1}%

     \upshape\authorsep#1\unskip\textsuperscript{%

       \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi

       \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi

       }%

     \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%

     \global\let\@fnmark\@empty

     \global\let\sep\@empty}%

     \@eadauthor={#1}

 }

 \def\elsaddress{}

 \def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}

 \def\address{\@ifnextchar[{\@@address}{\@address}}

 \def\@alph#1{%

   \ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or j\or k\or

   l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or w\or x\or

   y\or z%

   \or aa\or ab\or ac\or ad\or ae\or af\or ag\or ah\or ai\or aj\or

   ak\or al\or am\or an\or ao\or ap\or aq\or ar\or as\or at\or au\or

   av\or aw\or ax\or ay\or az%

   \or ba\or bb\or bc\or bd\or be\or bf\or bg\or bh\or bi\or bj\or

   bk\or bl\or bm\or bn\or bo\or bp\or bq\or br\or bs\or bt\or bu\or

   bv\or bw\or bx\or by\or bz%

   \or ca\or cb\or cc\or cd\or ce\or cf\or cg\or ch\or ci\or cj\or

   ck\or cl\or cm\or cn\or co\or cp\or cq\or cr\or cs\or ct\or cu\or

   cv\or cw\or cx\or cy\or cz%

   \or da\or db\or dc\or dd\or de\or df\or dg\or dh\or di\or dj\or

   dk\or dl\or dm\or dn\or do\or dp\or dq\or dr\or ds\or dt\or du\or

   dv\or dw\or dx\or dy\or dz%

   \or ea\or eb\or ec\or ed\or ee\or ef\or eg\or eh\or ei\or ej\or

   ek\or el\or em\or en\or eo\or ep\or eq\or er\or es\or et\or eu\or

   ev\or ew\or ex\or ey\or ez%

   \or fa\or fb\or fc\or fd\or fe\or ff\or fg\or fh\or fi\or fj\or

   fk\or fl\or fm\or fn\or fo\or fp\or fq\or fr\or fs\or ft\or fu\or

   fv\or fw\or fx\or fy\or fz%

   \or ga\or gb\or gc\or gd\or ge\or gf\or gg\or gh\or gi\or gj\or

   gk\or gl\or gm\or gn\or go\or gp\or gq\or gr\or gs\or gt\or gu\or

   gv\or gw\or gx\or gy\or gz%

   \else\@ctrerr\fi}

 \newcounter{affn}

 \renewcommand\theaffn{\alph{affn}}

 \long\def\@@address[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsaddress{%

     \def\baselinestretch{1}%

      \refstepcounter{affn}

      \xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn}

      \elsLabel{#1}%

     \textsuperscript{\theaffn}#2\par}}

 \long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%

     \def\baselinestretch{1}%

     \addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}%

     \def\authorsep{\par\vskip8pt}}}

 \newbox\absbox

 \renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup

   \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%

   \noindent\unskip\textbf{Abstract}

  \par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces}

  {\egroup}

 \newbox\keybox

 \def\keyword{%

   \def\sep{\unskip, }%

  \def\MSC{\@ifnextchar[{\@MSC}{\@MSC[2000]}}

   \def\@MSC[##1]{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it ##1~MSC:\space}}%

   \def\PACS{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it PACS:\space}}%

   \def\JEL{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it JEL:\space}}%

   \global\setbox\keybox=\vbox\bgroup\hsize=\textwidth

   \normalsize\normalfont\def\baselinestretch{1}

   \parskip\z@

   \noindent\textit{Keywords: }

   \raggedright                         % Keywords are not justified.

   \ignorespaces}

 \def\endkeyword{\par \egroup}

 \newdimen\Columnwidth

 \Columnwidth=\columnwidth

 \def\printFirstPageNotes{%

   \iflongmktitle

    \let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi

   \ifx\@tnotes\@empty\else\@tnotes\fi

   \ifx\@nonumnotes\@empty\else\@nonumnotes\fi

   \ifx\@cornotes\@empty\else\@cornotes\fi

   \ifx\@elseads\@empty\relax\else

    \let\thefootnote\relax

    \footnotetext{\ifnum\theead=1\relax

       \textit{Email address:\space}\else

       \textit{Email addresses:\space}\fi

      \@elseads}\fi

   \ifx\@elsuads\@empty\relax\else

    \let\thefootnote\relax

    \footnotetext{\textit{URL:\space}%

      \@elsuads}\fi

   \ifx\@fnotes\@empty\else\@fnotes\fi

   \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn

    \let\columnwidth=\Columnwidth\fi\fi

 }

 \long\def\pprintMaketitle{\clearpage

   \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn\let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi\fi

   \resetTitleCounters

   \def\baselinestretch{1}%

   \printFirstPageNotes

   \begin{center}%

  \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%

    \def\baselinestretch{1}%

     \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt

     \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt

     \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt

     \hrule\vskip12pt

     \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi

     \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi

     \hrule\vskip12pt

     \end{center}%

   \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%

   }

 \def\printWarning{%

      \mbox{}\par\vfill\par\bgroup

      \fboxsep12pt\fboxrule1pt

      \hspace*{.18\textwidth}

      \fcolorbox{gray50}{gray10}{\box\warnbox}

      \egroup\par\vfill\thispagestyle{empty}

      \setcounter{page}{0}

      \clearpage}

 \long\def\finalMaketitle{%

   \resetTitleCounters

   \def\baselinestretch{1}%

    \MaketitleBox

    \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%

   \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%

   }

 \long\def\MaketitleBox{%

   \resetTitleCounters

   \def\baselinestretch{1}%

   \begin{center}%

    \def\baselinestretch{1}%

     \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt

     \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt

     \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt

     \hrule\vskip12pt

     \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi

     \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi

     \hrule\vskip12pt

     \end{center}%

   }

 \def\FNtext#1{\par\bgroup\footnotesize#1\egroup}

 \newdimen\space@left

 \def\alarm#1{\typeout{******************************}%

              \typeout{#1}%

              \typeout{******************************}%

 }

 \long\def\getSpaceLeft{%\global\@twocolumnfalse%

    \global\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth\MaketitleBox}%

    \global\setbox1=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth

     \let\footnotetext\FNtext

     \printFirstPageNotes}%

     \xdef\noteheight{\the\ht1}%

     \xdef\titleheight{\the\ht0}%

     \@tempdima=\vsize

     \advance\@tempdima-\noteheight

     \advance\@tempdima-1\baselineskip

 }

   \skip\footins=24pt

 \newbox\els@boxa

 \newbox\els@boxb

 \ifpreprint

   \def\maketitle{\pprintMaketitle}

   \else

    \ifnum\jtype=1

     \def\maketitle{%

       \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft

        \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima

        \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters

        \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%

        \printFirstPageNotes

        \box0%

       \else

        \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes

       \fi

     \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%

   \else

  \ifnum\jtype=5

     \def\maketitle{%

       \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft

        \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima

        \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters

        \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%

        \printFirstPageNotes

        \twocolumn[\box0]%\printFirstPageNotes

       \else

        \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes

      \fi

      \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}

   \else

   \if@twocolumn

     \def\maketitle{%

       \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft

        \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima

        \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters

        \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%

        \printFirstPageNotes

        \twocolumn[\box0]%

       \else

        \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes

       \fi

      \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%

    \else

     \def\maketitle{%

       \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft

        \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima

        \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters

        \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%

        \printFirstPageNotes

        \box0%

      \else

        \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes

       \fi

     \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%

    \fi

   \fi

  \fi

 \fi

 %    \end{macrocode}

 %    

 %\section{Headers/footers}

 %

 %    \begin{macrocode}

 \def\ps@pprintTitle{%

      \let\@oddhead\@empty

      \let\@evenhead\@empty

      \def\@oddfoot{\footnotesize\itshape

        Preprint submitted to \ifx\@journal\@empty Elsevier

        \else\@journal\fi\hfill\today}%

      \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}

 %    \end{macrocode}

 %

 % \section{Section headings}

 %

 %    \begin{macrocode}

 \def\@seccntDot{.}

 \def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\@seccntDot\hskip 0.5em}

 \renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%

            {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%

            {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%

            {\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}

 \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%

            {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%

            {3\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%

            {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}

 \renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%

            {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%

            {\p@}%

            {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}

 \def\paragraph{\secdef{\els@aparagraph}{\els@bparagraph}}

 \def\els@aparagraph[#1]#2{\elsparagraph[#1]{#2.}}

 \def\els@bparagraph#1{\elsparagraph*{#1.}}

 \newcommand\elsparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{0\z@}%

            {10\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%

            {-6\p@}%

            {\normalfont\itshape}}

 %    \end{macrocode}

 %

 %\section{List environment}

 %

 %    \begin{macrocode}

 \newdimen\leftMargin

 \leftMargin=2em

 \newtoks\@enLab  %\newtoks\@enfont

 \def\@enQmark{?}

 \def\@enLabel#1#2{%

   \edef\@enThe{\noexpand#1{\@enumctr}}%

   \@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname}%

   \@enloop}

 \def\@enSpace{\afterassignment\@enSp@ce\let\@tempa= }

 \def\@enSp@ce{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\space}\@enloop}

 \def\@enGroup#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab{#1}}\@enloop}

 \def\@enOther#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab#1}\@enloop}

 \def\@enloop{\futurelet\@entemp\@enloop@}

 \def\@enloop@{%

   \ifx A\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Alph  }\else

   \ifx a\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\alph  }\else

   \ifx i\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\roman }\else

   \ifx I\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Roman }\else

   \ifx 1\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\arabic}\else

   \ifx \@sptoken\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enSpace         \else

   \ifx \bgroup\@entemp   \let\@tempa\@enGroup         \else

   \ifx \@enum@\@entemp   \let\@tempa\@gobble          \else

                          \let\@tempa\@enOther

              \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi

   \@tempa}

 \newlength{\@sep} \newlength{\@@sep}

 \setlength{\@sep}{.5\baselineskip plus.2\baselineskip

             minus.2\baselineskip}

 \setlength{\@@sep}{.1\baselineskip plus.01\baselineskip

             minus.05\baselineskip}

 \providecommand{\sfbc}{\rmfamily\upshape}

 \providecommand{\sfn}{\rmfamily\upshape}

 \def\@enfont{\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\let\@nxt\sfn \else\let\@nxt\sfbc \fi\@nxt}

 \def\enumerate{%

    \ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else

       \advance\@enumdepth \@ne

       \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\fi

    \@ifnextchar[{\@@enum@}{\@enum@}}

 \def\@@enum@[#1]{%

   \@enLab{}\let\@enThe\@enQmark

   \@enloop#1\@enum@

   \ifx\@enThe\@enQmark\@warning{The counter will not be printed.%

    ^^J\space\@spaces\@spaces\@spaces The label is: \the\@enLab}\fi

   \expandafter\edef\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname{\the\@enLab}%

   \expandafter\let\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname\@enThe

   \csname c@\@enumctr\endcsname7

   \expandafter\settowidth

             \csname leftmargin\romannumeral\@enumdepth\endcsname

             {\the\@enLab\hskip\labelsep}%

   \@enum@}

 \def\@enum@{\list{{\@enfont\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}}%

            {\usecounter{\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}%

      \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\topsep}{\@@sep}\else

            \setlength{\topsep}{\@sep}\fi

      \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%

       \else \setlength{\itemsep}{\@@sep}\fi

      %\setlength\leftmargin{\leftMargin}%%%{1.8em}

      \setlength{\parsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%

      \setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}

                    }}

 \def\endenumerate{\par\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\addvspace{\@@sep}\else

            \addvspace{\@sep}\fi \endlist}

 \def\sitem{\@noitemargtrue\@item[\@itemlabel *]}

 \def\itemize{\@ifnextchar[{\@Itemize}{\@Itemize[]}}

 \def\@Itemize[#1]{\def\next{#1}%

   \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else

    \advance\@itemdepth\@ne

   \ifx\next\@empty\else\expandafter\def\csname

    labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth\endcsname{#1}\fi%

   \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%

   \expandafter\list\csname\@itemitem\endcsname

   {\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%

  \fi}

 %    \end{macrocode}

 %

 %\section{Theorem environment}

 %

 %    \begin{macrocode}

 \def\newdefinition#1{%

   \@ifnextchar[{\@odfn{#1}}{\@ndfn{#1}}}%]

 \def\@ndfn#1#2{%

   \@ifnextchar[{\@xndfn{#1}{#2}}{\@yndfn{#1}{#2}}}

 \def\@xndfn#1#2[#3]{%

   \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname

     {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]%

      \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{%

        \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@dfncountersep

           \@dfncounter{#1}}%

      \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}%

      \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}

 \def\@yndfn#1#2{%

   \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname

     {\@definecounter{#1}%

      \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@dfncounter{#1}}%

      \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}%

      \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}

 \def\@odfn#1[#2]#3{%

   \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}%

     {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname

     {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}

   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#2}{#3}}%

   \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}}

 \def\@dfn#1#2{%

   \refstepcounter{#1}%

   \@ifnextchar[{\@ydfn{#1}{#2}}{\@xdfn{#1}{#2}}}

 \def\@xdfn#1#2{%

   \@begindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}

 \def\@ydfn#1#2[#3]{%

   \@opargbegindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces}

 \def\@dfncounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}}

 \def\@dfncountersep{.}

 \def\@begindefinition#1#2{\trivlist

    \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\upshape}

 \def\@opargbegindefinition#1#2#3{\trivlist

       \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\upshape}

 \def\@enddefinition{\endtrivlist}

 \def\@begintheorem#1#2{\trivlist

   \let\baselinestretch\@blstr

    \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\itshape}

 \def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\trivlist

   \let\baselinestretch\@blstr

       \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\itshape}

 \def\newproof#1{%

   \@ifnextchar[{\@oprf{#1}}{\@nprf{#1}}}

 \def\@nprf#1#2{%

   \@ifnextchar[{\@xnprf{#1}{#2}}{\@ynprf{#1}{#2}}}

 \def\@xnprf#1#2[#3]{%

   \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname

     {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]%

      \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{%

        \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@prfcountersep

           \@prfcounter{#1}}%

      \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}%

      \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}

 \def\@ynprf#1#2{%

   \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname

     {\@definecounter{#1}%

      \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@prfcounter{#1}}%

      \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}%

      \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}

 \def\@oprf#1[#2]#3{%

   \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}%

     {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname

     {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%

   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#2}{#3}}%

   \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}}

 \def\@prf#1#2{%

   \refstepcounter{#1}%

   \@ifnextchar[{\@yprf{#1}{#2}}{\@xprf{#1}{#2}}}

 \def\@xprf#1#2{%

   \@beginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}

 \def\@yprf#1#2[#3]{%

   \@opargbeginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces}

 \def\@prfcounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}}

 \def\@prfcountersep{.}

 \def\@beginproof#1#2{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr

    \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1.}]\rmfamily}

 \def\@opargbeginproof#1#2#3{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr

       \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1\ (#3).}]\rmfamily}

 \def\@endproof{\endtrivlist}

 \newcommand*{\qed}{\hbox{}\hfill$\Box$}

 \@ifundefined{@biboptions}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}{}

 \InputIfFileExists{\jobname.spl}{}{}

 \RequirePackage[\@biboptions]{natbib}

 \newwrite\splwrite

 \immediate\openout\splwrite=\jobname.spl

 \def\biboptions#1{\def\next{#1}\immediate\write\splwrite{%

    \string\g@addto@macro\string\@biboptions{%

     ,\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\next}}}

 \let\baselinestretch=\@blstr

 %    \end{macrocode}

 %

 %\section{Page dimensions and margins for final form}

 %

 %\subsection{Option 1p}

 %

 %    \begin{macrocode}

 \ifnum\jtype=1

  \RequirePackage{geometry}

  \geometry{twoside,

   paperwidth=210mm,

   paperheight=297mm,

   textheight=562pt,

   textwidth=384pt,

   centering,

   headheight=50pt,

   headsep=12pt,

   footskip=12pt,

   footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,

  }

  \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize

  \global\bibsep=0pt

  \if@twocolumn\global\@twocolumnfalse\fi

 %

 %    \end{macrocode}

 %

 %\subsection{Option '3p'}

 %

 %    \begin{macrocode}

 \else\ifnum\jtype=3

  \RequirePackage{geometry}

  \geometry{twoside,

   paperwidth=210mm,

   paperheight=297mm,

   textheight=622pt,

   textwidth=468pt,

   centering,

   headheight=50pt,

   headsep=12pt,

   footskip=18pt,

   footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,

   columnsep=2pc

  }

  \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize

  \global\bibsep=0pt

  \if@twocolumn\input{fleqn.clo}\fi

 %    \end{macrocode}

 %

 %\subsection{Option '5p'}

 %

 %    \begin{macrocode}

 \else\ifnum\jtype=5

  \RequirePackage{geometry}

  \geometry{twoside,

   paperwidth=210mm,

   paperheight=297mm,

   textheight=682pt,

   textwidth=522pt,

   centering,

  headheight=50pt,

   headsep=12pt,

   footskip=18pt,

   footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,

   columnsep=18pt

  }%

  \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize

  \global\bibsep=0pt

  \input{fleqn.clo}

  \global\@twocolumntrue

 %%

 %% End of option '5p'

 %%

 \fi\fi\fi

 %    \end{macrocode}

 %

 %\section{Other items}

 %

 %    \begin{macrocode}

 \def\journal#1{\gdef\@journal{#1}}

  \let\@journal\@empty

 \newenvironment{frontmatter}{}{\maketitle}

 \long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%

   \vskip\abovecaptionskip\footnotesize

   \sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}%

   \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize

     #1: #2\par

   \else

     \global \@minipagefalse

     \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%

   \fi

   \vskip\belowcaptionskip}

 \AtBeginDocument{\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}

   {\def\@linkcolor{blue}

    \def\@anchorcolor{blue}

    \def\@citecolor{blue}

    \def\@filecolor{blue}

    \def\@urlcolor{blue}

    \def\@menucolor{blue}

    \def\@pagecolor{blue}

 \begingroup

   \@makeother\`%

   \@makeother\=%

   \edef\x{%

     \edef\noexpand\x{%

       \endgroup

       \noexpand\toks@{%

         \catcode 96=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\`\relax

         \catcode 61=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\=\relax

       }%

     }%

     \noexpand\x

   }%

 \x

 \@makeother\`

 \@makeother\=

 }{}}

 %%

 \renewcommand\appendix{\par

   \setcounter{section}{0}%

   \setcounter{subsection}{0}%

   \setcounter{equation}{0}

   \gdef\thefigure{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{figure}}%

   \gdef\thetable{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{table}}%

   \gdef\thesection{\appendixname\@Alph\c@section}%

   \@addtoreset{equation}{section}%

   \gdef\theequation{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{equation}}%

 }

 \def\appendixname{Appendix }

 %% Added for work with amsrefs.sty

 \@ifpackageloaded{amsrefs}%

   {}

   {\let\bibsection\relax%

   \AtBeginDocument{\def\cites@b#1#2,#3{%

     \begingroup[%

         \toks@{\InnerCite{#2}#1}%

         \ifx\@empty#3\@xp\@gobble\fi

         \cites@c#3%

 }}}

 %

 %%

 %</class>

 %

 %    \end{macrocode}

 % \Finale

 \endinput

 %%

 %% End of file 'elsarticle.dtx'

 %%