
diff -r 000000000000 -r bc6edeef8717 elsarticle/doc/elsdoc.tex
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+%% 
+%% Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009 Elsevier Ltd
+%% 
+%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
+%% ---------------------------------------------
+%% 
+%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
+%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
+%% later version.  The latest version of this license is in
+%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
+%% 
+%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
+%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%% 
+\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
+
+\usepackage[xcolor,qtwo]{rvdtx}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage{xspace}
+\usepackage{pdfwidgets}
+\usepackage{enum}
+
+\def\ttdefault{cmtt}
+
+\headsep4pc
+
+\makeatletter
+\def\bs{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
+\def\lb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
+\def\rb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}
+\def\@pdfauthor{C.V.Radhakrishnan}
+\def\@pdftitle{elsarticle.cls -- A documentation}
+\def\@pdfsubject{Document formatting with elsarticle.cls}
+\def\@pdfkeywords{LaTeX, Elsevier Ltd, document class}
+\def\file#1{\textsf{#1}\xspace}
+
+%\def\LastPage{19}
+
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\LaTeX}{L\kern-.26em%
+        {\sbox\z@ T%
+         \vbox to\ht\z@{\hbox{\check@mathfonts
+           \fontsize\sf@size\z@
+           \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
+          A\,}%
+         \vss}%
+        }%
+     \kern-.15em%
+    \TeX}
+\makeatother
+
+\def\figurename{Clip}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\def\testa{This is a specimen document. }
+\def\testc{\testa\testa\testa\testa}
+\def\testb{\testc\testc\testc\testc\testc}
+\long\def\test{\testb\par\testb\par\testb\par}
+
+\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
+
+\title{elsarticle.cls -- A better way to format your document}
+
+\author{Elsevier Ltd}
+\contact{elsarticle@river-valley.com}
+
+\version{1.20}
+\date{\today}
+\maketitle
+
+\section{Introduction}
+%\hypertarget{introduction}{}
+
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is a thoroughly re-written document class
+for formatting \LaTeX{} submissions to Elsevier journals.
+The class uses the environments and commands defined in \LaTeX{} kernel
+without any change in the signature so that clashes with other
+contributed \LaTeX{} packages such as \file{hyperref.sty},
+\file{preview-latex.sty}, etc., will be minimal.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is primarily built upon the default
+\file{article.cls}.  This class depends on the following packages
+for its proper functioning:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item \file{pifont.sty} for openstar in the title footnotes;
+\item \file{natbib.sty} for citation processing;
+\item \file{geometry.sty} for margin settings;
+\item \file{fleqn.clo} for left aligned equations;
+\item \file{graphicx.sty} for graphics inclusion;
+\item \file{txfonts.sty} optional font package, if the document is to
+  be formatted with Times and compatible math fonts;
+\item \file{hyperref.sty} optional packages if hyperlinking is
+  required in the document.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+All the above packages are part of any standard \LaTeX{} installation.
+Therefore, the users need not be bothered about downloading any
+extra packages.  Furthermore, users are free to make use of \textsc{ams}
+math packages such as \file{amsmath.sty}, \file{amsthm.sty},
+\file{amssymb.sty}, \file{amsfonts.sty}, etc., if they want to.  All
+these packages work in tandem with \file{elsarticle.cls} without
+any problems.
+
+\section{Major Differences}
+%\hypertarget{majordifferences}{}
+
+Following are the major differences between \file{elsarticle.cls}
+and its predecessor package, \file{elsart.cls}:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+\item \file{elsarticle.cls} is built upon \file{article.cls}
+while \file{elsart.cls} is not. \file{elsart.cls} redefines
+many of the commands in the \LaTeX{} classes/kernel, which can
+possibly cause surprising clashes with other contributed
+\LaTeX{} packages;
+
+\item provides preprint document formatting by default, and
+optionally formats the document as per the final
+style of models $1+$, $3+$ and $5+$ of Elsevier journals;
+
+\item some easier ways for formatting \verb+list+ and
+\verb+theorem+ environments are provided while people can still
+use \file{amsthm.sty} package;
+
+\item \file{natbib.sty} is the main citation processing package
+  which can comprehensively handle all kinds of citations and
+works perfectly with \file{hyperref.sty} in combination with
+\file{hypernat.sty};
+
+\item long title pages are processed correctly in preprint and
+  final formats.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Installation}
+%\hypertarget{installation}{}
+
+The package is available at author resources page at Elsevier
+(\url{http://www.elsevier.com/locate/latex}).
+It can also be found in any of the nodes of the Comprehensive
+\TeX{} Archive Network (\textsc{ctan}), one of the primary nodes
+being
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/elsevier/}.
+Please download the \file{elsarticle.dtx} which is a composite
+class with documentation and \file{elsarticle.ins} which is the
+\LaTeX{} installer file. When we compile the
+\file{elsarticle.ins} with \LaTeX{} it provides the class file,
+\file{elsarticle.cls} by
+stripping off all the documentation from the \verb+*.dtx+ file.
+The class may be moved or copied to a place, usually,
+\verb+$TEXMF/tex/latex/elsevier/+, %$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+or a folder which will be read                   
+by \LaTeX{} during document compilation.  The \TeX{} file
+database needs updation after moving/copying class file.  Usually,
+we use commands like \verb+mktexlsr+ or \verb+texhash+ depending
+upon the distribution and operating system.
+
+
+\section{Usage}\label{sec:usage}
+%\hypertarget{usage}{}
+The class should be loaded with the command:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \documentclass[<options>]{elsarticle}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent where the \verb+options+ can be the following:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} preprint}]  default option which format the
+  document for submission to Elsevier journals.
+
+\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} review}]  similar to the \verb+preprint+ option, but
+  increases the baselineskip to facilitate easier review process.
+
+\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} 1p}]  formats the article to the look and feel of the final
+  format of model 1+ journals. This is always single column style.
+
+\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} 3p}] formats the article to the look and feel of the final
+  format of model 3+ journals. If the journal is a two column
+model, use \verb+twocolumn+ option in combination.
+
+\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} 5p}] formats for model 5+ journals. This is always
+  of two column style.
+
+\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} authoryear}] author-year citation style of
+  \file{natbib.sty}. If you want to add extra options of
+\file{natbib.sty}, you may use the options as comma delimited
+strings as arguments to \verb+\biboptions+ command. An example
+would be:
+\end{description}
+\begin{vquote}
+ \biboptions{longnamesfirst,angle,semicolon}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} number}] numbered citation style. Extra options
+  can be loaded with\linebreak \verb+\biboptions+ command.
+
+\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} sort\&compress}] sorts and compresses the
+numbered citations. For example, citation [1,2,3] will become [1--3].
+
+\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} longtitle}] if front matter is unusually long, use
+  this option to split the title page across pages with the correct
+placement of title and author footnotes in the first page.
+
+\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} times}] loads \file{txfonts.sty}, if available in
+  the system to use Times and compatible math fonts.
+
+\item[] All options of \file{article.cls} can be used with this
+  document class.
+
+\item[] The default options loaded are \verb+a4paper+, \verb+10pt+,
+  \verb+oneside+, \verb+onecolumn+ and \verb+preprint+.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\section{Frontmatter}
+%\hypertarget{preamble}{}
+
+There are two types of frontmatter coding:
+\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
+\item each author is
+connected to an affiliation with a footnote marker; hence all
+authors are grouped together and affiliations follow;
+\item authors of same affiliations are grouped together and the
+relevant affiliation follows this group. An example coding of the first
+type is provided below.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \title{This is a specimen title\tnoteref{t1,t2}}
+ \tnotetext[t1]{This document is a collaborative effort.}
+ \tnotetext[t2]{The second title footnote which is a longer
+    longer than the first one and with an intention to fill
+    in up more than one line while formatting.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \author[rvt]{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[rvt,focal]{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[els]{S.~Pepping\corref{cor2}\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+ \cortext[cor2]{Principal corresponding author}
+ \fntext[fn1]{This is the specimen author footnote.}
+ \fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, but a little more 
+             longer.}
+ \fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote. Indeed, you can have
+    any number of author footnotes.}
+
+ \address[rvt]{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+    Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+ \address[focal]{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court,
+    Kennford, Exeter, United Kingdom}
+ \address[els]{Central Application Management,
+    Elsevier, Radarweg 29, 1043 NX\\
+    Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+
+\end{vquote}
+
+The output of the above TeX source is given in Clips~\ref{clip1} and
+\ref{clip2}. The header portion or title area is given in Clip~\ref{clip1} and
+the footer area is given in Clip~\ref{clip2}.
+
+\vspace*{6pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Header of the title page.}
+\includeclip{1}{132 571 481 690}{els1.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+%\vspace*{6pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Footer of the title page.}
+\includeclip{1}{122 129 481 237}{els1.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+\pagebreak
+
+Most of the commands such as \verb+\title+, \verb+\author+,
+\verb+\address+ are self explanatory.  Various components are
+linked to each other by a label--reference mechanism; for
+instance, title footnote is linked to the title with a footnote
+mark generated by referring to the \verb+\label+ string of
+the \verb=\tnotetext=.  We have used similar commands
+such as \verb=\tnoteref= (to link title note to title);
+\verb=\corref= (to link corresponding author text to
+corresponding author); \verb=\fnref= (to link footnote text to
+the relevant author names).  \TeX{} needs two compilations to
+resolve the footnote marks in the preamble part.  
+Given below are the syntax of various note marks and note texts.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+  \tnoteref{<label(s)>}
+  \corref{<label(s)>}
+  \fnref{<label(s)>}
+  \tnotetext[<label>]{<title note text>}
+  \cortext[<label>]{<corresponding author note text>}
+  \fntext[<label>]{<author footnote text>}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent where \verb=<label(s)>= can be either one or more comma
+delimited label strings. The optional arguments to the
+\verb=\author= command holds the ref label(s) of the address(es)
+to which the author is affiliated while each \verb=\address=
+command can have an optional argument of a label. In the same
+manner, \verb=\tnotetext=, \verb=\fntext=, \verb=\cortext= will
+have optional arguments as their respective labels and note text
+as their mandatory argument.
+
+The following example code provides the markup of the second type
+of author-affiliation.
+%as seen in the output given in the
+%box to the right.
+%\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}
+%   \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els2.pdf}%
+% \def\rulecolor{orange}}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+   Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court, Kennford,
+   Exeter, UK.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{S.~Pepping\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+ \address{Central Application Management,
+   Elsevier, Radarweg 43, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+\fntext[fn1]{This is the first author footnote.}
+\fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, this is a very long 
+  footnote and it should be a really long footnote. But this 
+  footnote is not yet sufficiently long enough to make two lines 
+  of footnote text.}
+\fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+The output of the above TeX source is given in Clip~\ref{clip3}.
+
+\vspace*{12pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Header of the title page..}
+\includeclip{1}{132 491 481 690}{els2.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+
+The frontmatter part has further environments such as abstracts and
+keywords.  These can be marked up in the following
+manner:
+
+%\verb+\begin{abstract}+ \dots \verb+\end{abstract}+ and
+%\verb+\begin{keyword}+ \verb+...+ \verb+\end{keyword}+ which
+%contain the abstract and keywords respectively. 
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{abstract}
+  In this work we demonstrate the formation of a new type of 
+  polariton on the interface between a ....
+ \end{abstract}
+\end{vquote} 
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{keyword}
+  quadruple exiton \sep polariton \sep WGM
+
+  \PACS 71.35.-y \sep 71.35.Lk \sep 71.36.+c
+ \end{keyword}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent Each keyword shall be separated by a \verb+\sep+ command.
+\textsc{pacs} and \textsc{msc} classifications shall be provided in 
+the keyword environment with the commands \verb+\PACS+ and
+\verb+\MSC+ respectively.  \verb+\MSC+ accepts an optional
+argument to accommodate future revisions.
+eg., \verb=\MSC[2008]=. The default is 2000.\looseness=-1
+
+
+\section{Floats}
+{Figures} may be included using the command, \verb+\includegraphics+ in
+combination with or without its several options to further control
+graphic. \verb+\includegraphics+ is provided by \file{graphic[s,x].sty}
+which is part of any standard \LaTeX{} distribution.
+\file{graphicx.sty} is loaded by default. \LaTeX{} accepts figures in
+the postscript format while pdf\LaTeX{} accepts \file{*.pdf},
+\file{*.mps} (metapost), \file{*.jpg} and \file{*.png} formats. 
+pdf\LaTeX{} does not accept graphic files in the postscript format. 
+
+The \verb+table+ environment is handy for marking up tabular
+material. If users want to use \file{multirow.sty},
+\file{array.sty}, etc., to fine control/enhance the tables, they
+are welcome to load any package of their choice and
+\file{elsarticle.cls} will work in combination with all loaded
+packages.
+
+\section[Theorem and ...]{Theorem and theorem like environments}
+
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides a few shortcuts to format theorems and
+theorem-like environments with ease. In all commands the options that
+are used with the \verb+\newtheorem+ command will work exactly in the same
+manner. \file{elsarticle.cls} provides three commands to format theorem or
+theorem-like environments: 
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
+ \newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma}
+ \newdefinition{rmk}{Remark}
+ \newproof{pf}{Proof}
+ \newproof{pot}{Proof of Theorem \ref{thm2}}
+\end{vquote}
+
+The \verb+\newtheorem+ command formats a
+theorem in \LaTeX's default style with italicized font, bold font
+for theorem heading and theorem number at the right hand side of the
+theorem heading.  It also optionally accepts an argument which
+will be printed as an extra heading in parentheses. 
+
+\begin{vquote}
+  \begin{thm} 
+   For system (8), consensus can be achieved with $\|T_{\omega z}$
+   ...
+     \begin{eqnarray}\label{10}
+     ....
+     \end{eqnarray}
+  \end{thm}
+\end{vquote}  
+
+Clip~\ref{clip4} will show you how some text enclosed between the
+above code looks like:
+
+\vspace*{6pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{{\ttfamily\color{verbcolor}\bs newtheorem}}
+\includeclip{2}{1 1 453 120}{jfigs.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+The \verb+\newdefinition+ command is the same in
+all respects as its\linebreak \verb+\newtheorem+ counterpart except that
+the font shape is roman instead of italic.  Both
+\verb+\newdefinition+ and \verb+\newtheorem+ commands
+automatically define counters for the environments defined.
+
+\vspace*{12pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{{\ttfamily\color{verbcolor}\bs newdefinition}}
+\includeclip{1}{1 1 453 105}{jfigs.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+The \verb+\newproof+ command defines proof environments with
+upright font shape.  No counters are defined. 
+
+\vspace*{6pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{{\ttfamily\color{verbcolor}\bs newproof}}
+\includeclip{3}{1 1 453 65}{jfigs.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+Users can also make use of \verb+amsthm.sty+ which will override
+all the default definitions described above.
+
+\section[Enumerated ...]{Enumerated and Itemized Lists}
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides an extended list processing macros
+which makes the usage a bit more user friendly than the default
+\LaTeX{} list macros.   With an optional argument to the
+\verb+\begin{enumerate}+ command, you can change the list counter
+type and its attributes.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+   argument `1.', so that the item counter will be suffixed
+   by a period.
+ \item You can use `a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+   roman counter.
+  \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+    \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+    \item One more item before we start another.
+    \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+     \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+     \item Another one before we close the third level.
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Third item in second level.
+  \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\vspace*{12pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{List -- Enumerate}
+\includeclip{4}{1 1 453 185}{jfigs.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+
+Further, the enhanced list environment allows one to prefix a
+string like `step' to all the item numbers.  Take a look at the
+example below:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+  \item This is the first step of the example list.
+  \item Obviously this is the second step.
+  \item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{List -- enhanced}
+\includeclip{5}{1 1 313 83}{jfigs.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\vspace*{-18pt}
+
+\section{Cross-references}
+In electronic publications, articles may be internally
+hyperlinked. Hyperlinks are generated from proper
+cross-references in the article.  For example, the words
+\textcolor{black!80}{Fig.~1} will never be more than simple text,
+whereas the proper cross-reference \verb+\ref{tiger}+ may be
+turned into a hyperlink to the figure itself:
+\textcolor{blue}{Fig.~1}.  In the same way,
+the words \textcolor{blue}{Ref.~[1]} will fail to turn into a
+hyperlink; the proper cross-reference is \verb+\cite{Knuth96}+.
+Cross-referencing is possible in \LaTeX{} for sections,
+subsections, formulae, figures, tables, and literature
+references.
+
+\section[Mathematical ...]{Mathematical symbols and formulae}
+
+Many physical/mathematical sciences authors require more
+mathematical symbols than the few that are provided in standard
+\LaTeX. A useful package for additional symbols is the
+\file{amssymb} package, developed by the American Mathematical
+Society. This package includes such oft-used symbols as
+$\lesssim$ (\verb+\lesssim+), $\gtrsim$ (\verb+\gtrsim+)  or 
+$\hbar$ (\verb+\hbar+). Note that your \TeX{}
+system should have the \file{msam} and \file{msbm} fonts installed. If
+you need only a few symbols, such as $\Box$ (\verb+\Box+), you might try the
+package \file{latexsym}.
+
+Another point which would require authors' attention is the
+breaking up of long equations.  When you use
+\file{elsarticle.cls} for formatting your submissions in the 
+\verb+preprint+ mode, the document is formatted in single column
+style with a text width of 384pt or 5.3in.  When this document is
+formatted for final print and if the journal happens to be a double column
+journal, the text width will be reduced to 224pt at for 3+
+double column and 5+ journals respectively. All the nifty 
+fine-tuning in equation breaking done by the author goes to waste in
+such cases.  Therefore, authors are requested to check this
+problem by typesetting their submissions in final format as well
+just to see if their equations are broken at appropriate places,
+by changing appropriate options in the document class loading
+command, which is explained in section~\ref{sec:usage},
+\nameref{sec:usage}. This allows authors to fix any equation breaking
+problem before submission for publication.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} supports formatting the author submission
+in different types of final format.  This is further discussed in
+section \ref{sec:final}, \nameref{sec:final}.
+
+\section{Bibliography}
+
+Three bibliographic style files (\verb+*.bst+) are provided ---
+\file{elsarticle-num.bst}, \file{elsarticle-num-names.bst} and
+\file{elsarticle-harv.bst} --- the first one for the numbered scheme, the
+second for the numbered with new options of \file{natbib.sty} and the
+last one for the author year scheme.
+
+In \LaTeX{} literature, references are listed in the
+\verb+thebibliography+ environment.  Each reference is a
+\verb+\bibitem+ and each \verb+\bibitem+ is identified by a label,
+by which it can be cited in the text:
+
+\verb+\bibitem[Elson et al.(1996)]{ESG96}+ is cited as
+\verb+\citet{ESG96}+. 
+
+\noindent In connection with cross-referencing and
+possible future hyperlinking it is not a good idea to collect
+more that one literature item in one \verb+\bibitem+.  The
+so-called Harvard or author-year style of referencing is enabled
+by the \LaTeX{} package \file{natbib}. With this package the
+literature can be cited as follows:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+\item Parenthetical: \verb+\citep{WB96}+ produces (Wettig \& Brown, 1996).
+\item Textual: \verb+\citet{ESG96}+ produces Elson et al. (1996).
+\item An affix and part of a reference:
+\verb+\citep[e.g.][Ch. 2]{Gea97}+ produces (e.g. Governato et
+al., 1997, Ch. 2).
+\end{enumerate}
+
+In the numbered scheme of citation, \verb+\cite{<label>}+ is used,
+since \verb+\citep+ or \verb+\citet+ has no relevance in the numbered
+scheme.  \file{natbib} package is loaded by \file{elsarticle} with
+\verb+numbers+ as default option.  You can change this to author-year
+or harvard scheme by adding option \verb+authoryear+ in the class
+loading command.  If you want to use more options of the \file{natbib}
+package, you can do so with the \verb+\biboptions+ command, which is
+described in the section \ref{sec:usage}, \nameref{sec:usage}.  For
+details of various options of the \file{natbib} package, please take a
+look at the \file{natbib} documentation, which is part of any standard
+\LaTeX{} installation.
+
+\subsection*{Displayed equations and double column journals}
+
+Many Elsevier journals print their text in two columns. Since
+the preprint layout uses a larger line width than such columns,
+the formulae are too wide for the line width in print. Here is an
+example of an equation  (see equation 6) which is perfect in a
+single column preprint format:
+
+\bigskip
+\setlength\Sep{6pt}
+\src{See equation (6)}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\includeclip{4}{134 391 483 584}{els1.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+                 	
+\noindent When this document is typeset for publication in a
+model 3+ journal with double columns, the equation will overlap
+the second column text matter if the equation is not broken at
+the appropriate location.
+
+\vspace*{6pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{See equation (6) overprints into second column}
+\includeclip{3}{61 531 532 734}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\pagebreak
+
+\noindent The typesetter will try to break the equation which
+need not necessarily be to the liking of the author or as it
+happens, typesetter's break point may be semantically incorrect.
+Therefore, authors may check their submissions for the incidence
+of such long equations and break the equations at the correct
+places so that the final typeset copy will be as they wish.
+
+\section{Final print}\label{sec:final}
+
+The authors can format their submission to the page size and margins
+of their preferred journal.  \file{elsarticle} provides four
+class options for the same. But it does not mean that using these
+options you can emulate the exact page layout of the final print copy. 
+\lmrgn=3em
+\begin{description}
+\item [\texttt{1p}:] $1+$ journals with a text area of
+384pt $\times$ 562pt or 13.5cm $\times$ 19.75cm or 5.3in $\times$
+7.78in, single column style only.
+
+\item [\texttt{3p}:] $3+$ journals with a text area of 468pt
+$\times$ 622pt or 16.45cm $\times$ 21.9cm or 6.5in $\times$
+8.6in, single column style.
+
+\item [\texttt{twocolumn}:] should be used along with 3p option if the
+journal is $3+$ with the same text area as above, but double column
+style. 
+
+\item [\texttt{5p}:] $5+$ with text area of 522pt $\times$
+682pt or 18.35cm $\times$ 24cm or 7.22in $\times$ 9.45in,
+double column style only.
+\end{description}
+
+Following pages have the clippings of different parts of
+the title page of different journal models typeset in final
+format.
+
+Model $1+$ and $3+$  will have the same look and
+feel in the typeset copy when presented in this document. That is
+also the case with the double column $3+$ and $5+$ journal article
+pages. The only difference will be wider text width of
+higher models.  Therefore we will look at the
+different portions of a typical single column journal page and
+that of a double column article in the final format.
+
+\vspace*{2pc}
+
+\begin{center}
+\hypertarget{bsc}{}
+\hyperlink{sc}{
+{\bf [Specimen single column article -- Click here]}
+}
+
+\vspace*{2pc}
+
+\hypertarget{bsc}{}
+\hyperlink{dc}{
+{\bf [Specimen double column article -- Click here]}
+}
+\end{center}
+
+\newpage
+\vspace*{-2pc}
+\src{}\hypertarget{sc}{}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\hyperlink{bsc}{\includeclip{1}{121 81 497 670}{els1.pdf}}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+
+\newpage
+
+\src{}\hypertarget{dc}{}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\hyperlink{bsc}{\includeclip{1}{55 93 535 738}{els-3pd.pdf}}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\end{document}




