COIN-OR::LEMON - Graph Library

source: lemon-0.x/doc/graph_io.dox @ 2196:09af6d2b683b

Last change on this file since 2196:09af6d2b683b was 2100:6fbe90faf02a, checked in by Balazs Dezso, 18 years ago

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1namespace lemon {
2/*!
3
4
5\page graph-io-page Graph Input-Output
6
7The standard graph IO enables one to store graphs and additional maps
8(i.e. functions on the nodes or edges) in a flexible and efficient way.
9Before you read this page you should be familiar with LEMON
10\ref graphs "graphs" and \ref maps-page "maps".
11
12\section format The general file format
13
14The file contains sections in the following order:
15
16\li nodeset
17\li edgeset
18\li nodes
19\li edges
20\li attributes
21
22Some of these sections can be omitted, but you will basicly need the nodeset
23section (unless your graph has no nodes at all) and the edgeset section
24(unless your graph has no edges at all).
25
26The nodeset section describes the nodes of your graph: it identifies the nodes
27and gives the maps defined on them, if any. It starts with the
28following line:
29
30<tt>\@nodeset</tt>
31
32The next line contains the names of the nodemaps, separated by whitespaces.  Each
33following line describes a node in the graph: it contains the values of the
34maps in the right order. The map named "label" should contain unique values
35because it is regarded as a label map. These labels need not be numbers but they
36must identify the nodes uniquely for later reference. For example:
37
38\code
39@nodeset
40label  x-coord  y-coord  color
413   1.0      4.0      blue
425   2.3      5.7      red
4312  7.8      2.3      green
44\endcode
45
46The edgeset section is very similar to the nodeset section, it has
47the same coloumn oriented structure. It starts with the line
48
49<tt>\@edgeset</tt>
50
51The next line contains the whitespace separated list of names of the edge
52maps.  Each of the next lines describes one edge. The first two elements in
53the line are the labels of the source and target (or tail and head) nodes of the
54edge as they occur in the label node map of the nodeset section. You can also
55have an optional label map on the edges for later reference (which has to be
56unique in this case).
57
58\code
59@edgeset
60             label      weight   note
613   5        a          4.3      a-edge
625   12       c          2.6      c-edge
633   12       g          3.4      g-edge
64\endcode
65
66The \e nodes section contains <em>labeled (distinguished) nodes</em>
67(i.e. nodes having a special
68label on them). The section starts with
69
70<tt> \@nodes </tt>
71
72Each of the next lines contains a label for a node in the graph
73and then the label as described in the \e nodeset section.
74
75\code
76@nodes
77source 3
78target 12
79\endcode
80
81The last section describes the <em>labeled (distinguished) edges</em>
82(i.e. edges having a special label on them). It starts with \c \@edges
83and then each line contains the name of the edge and the label.
84
85\code
86@edges
87observed c
88\endcode
89
90
91The file may contain empty lines and comment lines. The comment lines
92start with an \c # character.
93
94The attributes section can handle some information about the graph. It
95contains key-value pairs in each line (a key and the mapped value to key). The
96key should be a string without whitespaces, the value can be of various types.
97
98\code
99@attributes
100title "Four colored planar graph"
101author "Balazs DEZSO"
102copyright "Lemon Library"
103version 12
104\endcode
105
106Finally, the file should be closed with \c \@end line.
107
108
109\section use Using graph input-output
110
111
112The graph input and output is based on <em> reading and writing
113commands</em>. The user gives reading and writing commands to the reader or
114writer class, then he calls the \c run() method that executes all the given
115commands.
116
117\subsection write Writing a graph
118
119The \ref lemon::GraphWriter "GraphWriter" template class
120provides the graph output. To write a graph
121you should first give writing commands to the writer. You can declare
122writing command as \c NodeMap or \c EdgeMap writing and labeled Node and
123Edge writing.
124
125\code
126GraphWriter<ListGraph> writer(std::cout, graph);
127\endcode
128
129The \ref lemon::GraphWriter::writeNodeMap() "writeNodeMap()"
130function declares a \c NodeMap writing command in the
131\ref lemon::GraphWriter "GraphWriter".
132You should give a name to the map and the map
133object as parameters. The NodeMap writing command with name "label" should write a
134unique map because it will be regarded as a label map.
135
136\see IdMap, DescriptorMap 
137
138\code
139IdMap<ListGraph, Node> nodeLabelMap;
140writer.writeNodeMap("label", nodeLabelMap);
141
142writer.writeNodeMap("x-coord", xCoordMap);
143writer.writeNodeMap("y-coord", yCoordMap);
144writer.writeNodeMap("color", colorMap);
145\endcode
146
147With the \ref lemon::GraphWriter::writeEdgeMap() "writeEdgeMap()"
148member function you can give an edge map
149writing command similar to the NodeMaps.
150
151\see IdMap, DescriptorMap 
152
153\code
154DescriptorMap<ListGraph, Edge, ListGraph::EdgeMap<int> > edgeDescMap(graph);
155writer.writeEdgeMap("descriptor", edgeDescMap);
156
157writer.writeEdgeMap("weight", weightMap);
158writer.writeEdgeMap("note", noteMap);
159\endcode
160
161With \ref lemon::GraphWriter::writeNode() "writeNode()"
162and \ref lemon::GraphWriter::writeEdge() "writeEdge()"
163functions you can designate Nodes and
164Edges in the graph. For example, you can write out the source and target node
165of a maximum flow instance.
166
167\code
168writer.writeNode("source", sourceNode);
169writer.writeNode("target", targetNode);
170
171writer.writeEdge("observed", edge);
172\endcode
173
174With \ref lemon::GraphWriter::writeAttribute() "writeAttribute()"
175function you can write an attribute to the file.
176
177\code
178writer.writeAttribute("author", "Balazs DEZSO");
179writer.writeAttribute("version", 12);
180\endcode
181
182After you give all write commands you must call the
183\ref lemon::GraphWriter::run() "run()" member
184function, which executes all the writing commands.
185
186\code
187writer.run();
188\endcode
189
190\subsection reading Reading a graph
191
192The file to be read may contain several maps and labeled nodes or edges.
193If you read a graph you need not read all the maps and items just those
194that you need. The interface of the \ref lemon::GraphReader "GraphReader"
195is very similar to
196the \ref lemon::GraphWriter "GraphWriter"
197but the reading method does not depend on the order of the
198given commands.
199
200The reader object assumes that each not read value does not contain
201whitespaces, therefore it has some extra possibilities to control how
202it should skip the values when the string representation contains spaces.
203
204\code
205GraphReader<ListGraph> reader(std::cin, graph);
206\endcode
207
208The \ref lemon::GraphReader::readNodeMap() "readNodeMap()"
209function reads a map from the \c nodeset section.
210If there is a map that you do not want to read from the file and there are
211whitespaces in the string represenation of the values then you should
212call the \ref lemon::GraphReader::skipNodeMap() "skipNodeMap()"
213template member function with proper parameters.
214
215\see QuotedStringReader
216
217\code
218reader.readNodeMap("x-coord", xCoordMap);
219reader.readNodeMap("y-coord", yCoordMap);
220
221reader.readNodeMap<QuotedStringReader>("label", labelMap);
222reader.skipNodeMap<QuotedStringReader>("description");
223
224reader.readNodeMap("color", colorMap);
225\endcode
226
227With the \ref lemon::GraphReader::readEdgeMap() "readEdgeMap()"
228member function you can give an edge map
229reading command similar to the NodeMaps.
230
231\code
232reader.readEdgeMap("weight", weightMap);
233reader.readEdgeMap("label", labelMap);
234\endcode
235
236With \ref lemon::GraphReader::readNode() "readNode()"
237and \ref lemon::GraphReader::readEdge() "readEdge()"
238functions you can read labeled Nodes and
239Edges.
240
241\code
242reader.readNode("source", sourceNode);
243reader.readNode("target", targetNode);
244
245reader.readEdge("observed", edge);
246\endcode
247
248With \ref lemon::GraphReader::readAttribute() "readAttribute()"
249function you can read an attribute from the file.
250
251\code
252std::string author;
253writer.readAttribute("author", author);
254int version;
255writer.writeAttribute("version", version);
256\endcode
257
258After you give all read commands you must call the
259\ref lemon::GraphReader::run() "run()" member
260function, which executes all the commands.
261
262\code
263reader.run();
264\endcode
265
266\anchor rwbackground
267\section types Background of Reading and Writing
268
269
270To read a map (on the nodes or edges)
271the \ref lemon::GraphReader "GraphReader"
272should know how to read a Value from the given map.
273By the default implementation the input operator reads a value from
274the stream and the type of the read value is the value type of the given map.
275When the reader should skip a value in the stream, because you do not
276want to store it in a map, the reader skips a character sequence without
277whitespaces.
278
279If you want to change the functionality of the reader, you can use
280template parameters to specialize it. When you give a reading
281command for a map you can give a Reader type as template parameter.
282With this template parameter you can control how the Reader reads
283a value from the stream.
284
285The reader has the next structure:
286\code
287struct TypeReader {
288  typedef TypeName Value;
289
290  void read(std::istream& is, Value& value);
291};
292\endcode
293
294For example, the \c "strings" nodemap contains strings and you do not need
295the value of the string just the length. Then you can implement an own Reader
296struct.
297
298\code
299struct LengthReader {
300  typedef int Value;
301
302  void read(std::istream& is, Value& value) {
303    std::string tmp;
304    is >> tmp;
305    value = tmp.length();
306  }
307};
308...
309reader.readNodeMap<LengthReader>("strings", lengthMap);
310\endcode 
311
312The global functionality of the reader class can be changed by giving a
313special template parameter to the GraphReader class. By default, the
314template parameter is \c DefaultReaderTraits. A reader traits class
315should provide a nested template class Reader for each type, and a
316DefaultReader for skipping a value.
317
318The specialization of writing is very similar to that of reading.
319
320\section u Undirected graphs
321
322In a file describing an undirected graph (ugraph, for short) you find an
323\c uedgeset section instead of the \c edgeset section. The first line of
324the section describes the names of the maps on the undirected egdes and all
325next lines describe one undirected edge with the the incident nodes and the
326values of the map.
327
328The format handles directed edge maps as a syntactical sugar???, if there
329are two maps with names being the same with a \c '+' and a \c '-' prefix
330then this will be read as a directed map.
331
332\code
333@uedgeset
334             label      capacity        +flow   -flow
33532   2       1          4.3             2.0     0.0
33621   21      5          2.6             0.0     2.6
33721   12      8          3.4             0.0     0.0
338\endcode
339
340The \c edges section is changed to \c uedges section. This section
341describes labeled edges and undirected edges. The directed edge label
342should start with a \c '+' or a \c '-' prefix to decide the direction
343of the edge.
344
345\code
346@uedges
347uedge 1
348+edge 5
349-back 5
350\endcode
351
352There are similar classes to the \ref lemon::GraphReader "GraphReader" and
353\ref lemon::GraphWriter "GraphWriter" which
354handle the undirected graphs. These classes are
355the \ref lemon::UGraphReader "UGraphReader"
356and \ref lemon::UGraphWriter "UGraphWriter".
357
358The \ref lemon::UGraphReader::readUEdgeMap() "readUEdgeMap()"
359function reads an undirected map and the
360\ref lemon::UGraphReader::readUEdge() "readUEdge()"
361reads an undirected edge from the file,
362
363\code
364reader.readUEdgeMap("capacity", capacityMap);
365reader.readEdgeMap("flow", flowMap);
366...
367reader.readUEdge("u_edge", u_edge);
368reader.readEdge("edge", edge);
369\endcode
370
371\section advanced Advanced features
372
373The graph reader and writer classes give an easy way to read and write
374graphs. But sometimes we want more advanced features. In this case we can
375use the more general <tt>lemon reader and writer</tt> interface.
376
377The LEMON file format is a section oriented file format. It contains one or
378more sections, each starting with a line identifying its type
379(the word starting with the \c \@  character).
380The content of the section this way cannot contain line with \c \@ first
381character. The file may contains comment lines with \c # first character.
382
383The \ref lemon::LemonReader "LemonReader"
384and \ref lemon::LemonWriter "LemonWriter"
385gives a framework to read and
386write sections. There are various section reader and section writer
387classes which can be attached to a \ref lemon::LemonReader "LemonReader"
388or a \ref lemon::LemonWriter "LemonWriter".
389
390There are default section readers and writers for reading and writing
391item sets, and labeled items in the graph. These read and write
392the format described above. Other type of data can be handled with own
393section reader and writer classes which are inherited from the
394\c LemonReader::SectionReader or the
395\ref lemon::LemonWriter::SectionWriter "LemonWriter::SectionWriter"
396classes.
397
398The next example defines a special section reader which reads the
399\c \@description sections into a string:
400
401\code
402class DescriptionReader : LemonReader::SectionReader {
403protected:
404  virtual bool header(const std::string& line) {
405    std::istringstream ls(line);
406    std::string head;
407    ls >> head;
408    return head == "@description";
409  }
410
411  virtual void read(std::istream& is) {
412    std::string line;
413    while (getline(is, line)) {
414      desc += line;
415    }
416  }
417public:
418
419  typedef LemonReader::SectionReader Parent;
420 
421  DescriptionReader(LemonReader& reader) : Parent(reader) {}
422
423  const std::string& description() const {
424    return description;
425  }
426
427private:
428  std::string desc;
429};
430\endcode
431
432The other advanced stuff of the generalized file format is that
433multiple edgesets can be stored to the same nodeset. It can be used
434for example as a network traffic matrix.
435
436In our example there is a network with symmetric links and there are assymetric
437traffic request on the network. This construction can be stored in an
438undirected graph and in a directed \c ListEdgeSet class. The example
439shows the input with the \ref lemon::LemonReader "LemonReader" class:
440
441\code
442ListUGraph network;
443ListUGraph::UEdgeMap<double> capacity;
444ListEdgeSet<ListUGraph> traffic(network);
445ListEdgeSet<ListUGraph>::EdgeMap<double> request(network);
446
447LemonReader reader(std::cin);
448NodeSetReader<ListUGraph> nodesetReader(reader, network);
449UEdgeSetReader<ListUGraph>
450  uEdgesetReader(reader, network, nodesetReader);
451uEdgesetReader.readEdgeMap("capacity", capacity);
452EdgeSetReader<ListEdgeSet<ListUGraph> >
453  edgesetReader(reader, traffic, nodesetReader, "traffic");
454edgesetReader.readEdgeMap("request", request);
455
456reader.run();
457\endcode
458
459Because both the \ref lemon::GraphReader "GraphReader"
460and the \ref lemon::UGraphReader "UGraphReader" can be converted
461to \ref lemon::LemonReader "LemonReader"
462and it can resolve the label's of the items, the previous
463result can be achived with the \ref lemon::UGraphReader "UGraphReader"
464class, too.
465
466
467\code
468ListUGraph network;
469ListUGraph::UEdgeSet<double> capacity;
470ListEdgeSet<ListUGraph> traffic(network);
471ListEdgeSet<ListUGraph>::EdgeMap<double> request(network);
472
473UGraphReader<ListUGraph> reader(std::cin, network);
474reader.readEdgeMap("capacity", capacity);
475EdgeSetReader<ListEdgeSet<ListUGraph> >
476  edgesetReader(reader, traffic, reader, "traffic");
477edgesetReader.readEdgeMap("request", request);
478
479reader.run();
480\endcode
481
482\author Balazs Dezso
483*/
484}
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