/* -*- C++ -*-
 * lemon/full_graph.h - Part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2005 Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
 *
 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
 *
 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
 * purpose.
 *
 */

#ifndef LEMON_FULL_GRAPH_H
#define LEMON_FULL_GRAPH_H

#include <cmath>


#include <lemon/bits/iterable_graph_extender.h>
#include <lemon/bits/alteration_notifier.h>
#include <lemon/bits/static_map.h>
#include <lemon/bits/graph_extender.h>

#include <lemon/invalid.h>
#include <lemon/utility.h>


///\ingroup graphs
///\file
///\brief FullGraph and UndirFullGraph classes.


namespace lemon {

  class FullGraphBase {
    int _nodeNum;
    int _edgeNum;
  public:

    typedef FullGraphBase Graph;

    class Node;
    class Edge;

  public:

    FullGraphBase() {}


    ///Creates a full graph with \c n nodes.
    void construct(int n) { _nodeNum = n; _edgeNum = n * n; }
    ///
    //    FullGraphBase(const FullGraphBase &_g)
    //      : _nodeNum(_g.nodeNum()), _edgeNum(_nodeNum*_nodeNum) { }
    
    typedef True NodeNumTag;
    typedef True EdgeNumTag;

    ///Number of nodes.
    int nodeNum() const { return _nodeNum; }
    ///Number of edges.
    int edgeNum() const { return _edgeNum; }

    /// Maximum node ID.
    
    /// Maximum node ID.
    ///\sa id(Node)
    int maxNodeId() const { return _nodeNum-1; }
    /// Maximum edge ID.
    
    /// Maximum edge ID.
    ///\sa id(Edge)
    int maxEdgeId() const { return _edgeNum-1; }

    Node source(Edge e) const { return e.id % _nodeNum; }
    Node target(Edge e) const { return e.id / _nodeNum; }


    /// Node ID.
    
    /// The ID of a valid Node is a nonnegative integer not greater than
    /// \ref maxNodeId(). The range of the ID's is not surely continuous
    /// and the greatest node ID can be actually less then \ref maxNodeId().
    ///
    /// The ID of the \ref INVALID node is -1.
    ///\return The ID of the node \c v. 

    static int id(Node v) { return v.id; }
    /// Edge ID.
    
    /// The ID of a valid Edge is a nonnegative integer not greater than
    /// \ref maxEdgeId(). The range of the ID's is not surely continuous
    /// and the greatest edge ID can be actually less then \ref maxEdgeId().
    ///
    /// The ID of the \ref INVALID edge is -1.
    ///\return The ID of the edge \c e. 
    static int id(Edge e) { return e.id; }

    static Node nodeFromId(int id) { return Node(id);}
    
    static Edge edgeFromId(int id) { return Edge(id);}

    typedef True FindEdgeTag;

    /// Finds an edge between two nodes.
    
    /// Finds an edge from node \c u to node \c v.
    ///
    /// If \c prev is \ref INVALID (this is the default value), then
    /// It finds the first edge from \c u to \c v. Otherwise it looks for
    /// the next edge from \c u to \c v after \c prev.
    /// \return The found edge or INVALID if there is no such an edge.
    Edge findEdge(Node u,Node v, Edge prev = INVALID) const {
      return prev.id == -1 ? Edge(*this, u.id, v.id) : INVALID;
    }
    
      
    class Node {
      friend class FullGraphBase;

    protected:
      int id;
      Node(int _id) : id(_id) {}
    public:
      Node() {}
      Node (Invalid) : id(-1) {}
      bool operator==(const Node node) const {return id == node.id;}
      bool operator!=(const Node node) const {return id != node.id;}
      bool operator<(const Node node) const {return id < node.id;}
    };
    


    class Edge {
      friend class FullGraphBase;
      
    protected:
      int id;  // _nodeNum * target + source;

      Edge(int _id) : id(_id) {}

      Edge(const FullGraphBase& _graph, int source, int target) 
	: id(_graph._nodeNum * target+source) {}
    public:
      Edge() { }
      Edge (Invalid) { id = -1; }
      bool operator==(const Edge edge) const {return id == edge.id;}
      bool operator!=(const Edge edge) const {return id != edge.id;}
      bool operator<(const Edge edge) const {return id < edge.id;}
    };

    void first(Node& node) const {
      node.id = _nodeNum-1;
    }

    static void next(Node& node) {
      --node.id;
    }

    void first(Edge& edge) const {
      edge.id = _edgeNum-1;
    }

    static void next(Edge& edge) {
      --edge.id;
    }

    void firstOut(Edge& edge, const Node& node) const {
      edge.id = _edgeNum + node.id - _nodeNum;
    }

    void nextOut(Edge& edge) const {
      edge.id -= _nodeNum;
      if (edge.id < 0) edge.id = -1;
    }

    void firstIn(Edge& edge, const Node& node) const {
      edge.id = node.id * _nodeNum;
    }
    
    void nextIn(Edge& edge) const {
      ++edge.id;
      if (edge.id % _nodeNum == 0) edge.id = -1;
    }

  };

  typedef StaticMappableGraphExtender<
    IterableGraphExtender<
    AlterableGraphExtender<
    GraphExtender<FullGraphBase> > > > ExtendedFullGraphBase;

  /// \ingroup graphs
  ///
  /// \brief A full graph class.
  ///
  /// This is a simple and fast directed full graph implementation.
  /// It is completely static, so you can neither add nor delete either
  /// edges or nodes.
  /// Thus it conforms to
  /// the \ref concept::StaticGraph "StaticGraph" concept
  /// \sa concept::StaticGraph.
  ///
  /// \author Alpar Juttner
  class FullGraph : public ExtendedFullGraphBase {
  public:

    FullGraph(int n) { construct(n); }
  };


  class UndirFullGraphBase {
    int _nodeNum;
    int _edgeNum;
  public:

    typedef UndirFullGraphBase Graph;

    class Node;
    class Edge;

  public:

    UndirFullGraphBase() {}


    ///Creates a full graph with \c n nodes.
    void construct(int n) { _nodeNum = n; _edgeNum = n * (n - 1) / 2; }
    ///
    //    FullGraphBase(const FullGraphBase &_g)
    //      : _nodeNum(_g.nodeNum()), _edgeNum(_nodeNum*_nodeNum) { }
    
    typedef True NodeNumTag;
    typedef True EdgeNumTag;

    ///Number of nodes.
    int nodeNum() const { return _nodeNum; }
    ///Number of edges.
    int edgeNum() const { return _edgeNum; }

    /// Maximum node ID.
    
    /// Maximum node ID.
    ///\sa id(Node)
    int maxNodeId() const { return _nodeNum-1; }
    /// Maximum edge ID.
    
    /// Maximum edge ID.
    ///\sa id(Edge)
    int maxEdgeId() const { return _edgeNum-1; }

    Node source(Edge e) const { 
      /// \todo we may do it faster
      return Node(((int)sqrt((double)(1 + 8 * e.id)) + 1) / 2);
    }

    Node target(Edge e) const { 
      int source = ((int)sqrt((double)(1 + 8 * e.id)) + 1) / 2;;
      return Node(e.id - (source) * (source - 1) / 2);
    }


    /// Node ID.
    
    /// The ID of a valid Node is a nonnegative integer not greater than
    /// \ref maxNodeId(). The range of the ID's is not surely continuous
    /// and the greatest node ID can be actually less then \ref maxNodeId().
    ///
    /// The ID of the \ref INVALID node is -1.
    ///\return The ID of the node \c v. 

    static int id(Node v) { return v.id; }
    /// Edge ID.
    
    /// The ID of a valid Edge is a nonnegative integer not greater than
    /// \ref maxEdgeId(). The range of the ID's is not surely continuous
    /// and the greatest edge ID can be actually less then \ref maxEdgeId().
    ///
    /// The ID of the \ref INVALID edge is -1.
    ///\return The ID of the edge \c e. 
    static int id(Edge e) { return e.id; }

    /// Finds an edge between two nodes.
    
    /// Finds an edge from node \c u to node \c v.
    ///
    /// If \c prev is \ref INVALID (this is the default value), then
    /// It finds the first edge from \c u to \c v. Otherwise it looks for
    /// the next edge from \c u to \c v after \c prev.
    /// \return The found edge or INVALID if there is no such an edge.
    Edge findEdge(Node u, Node v, Edge prev = INVALID) const {
      if (prev.id != -1 || u.id <= v.id) return -1;
      return Edge(u.id * (u.id - 1) / 2 + v.id);
    }

    typedef True FindEdgeTag;
    
      
    class Node {
      friend class UndirFullGraphBase;

    protected:
      int id;
      Node(int _id) { id = _id;}
    public:
      Node() {}
      Node (Invalid) { id = -1; }
      bool operator==(const Node node) const {return id == node.id;}
      bool operator!=(const Node node) const {return id != node.id;}
      bool operator<(const Node node) const {return id < node.id;}
    };
    


    class Edge {
      friend class UndirFullGraphBase;
      
    protected:
      int id;  // _nodeNum * target + source;

      Edge(int _id) : id(_id) {}

    public:
      Edge() { }
      Edge (Invalid) { id = -1; }
      bool operator==(const Edge edge) const {return id == edge.id;}
      bool operator!=(const Edge edge) const {return id != edge.id;}
      bool operator<(const Edge edge) const {return id < edge.id;}
    };

    void first(Node& node) const {
      node.id = _nodeNum - 1;
    }

    static void next(Node& node) {
      --node.id;
    }

    void first(Edge& edge) const {
      edge.id = _edgeNum - 1;
    }

    static void next(Edge& edge) {
      --edge.id;
    }

    void firstOut(Edge& edge, const Node& node) const {      
      int src = node.id;
      int trg = 0;
      edge.id = (trg < src ? src * (src - 1) / 2 + trg : -1);
    }

    /// \todo with specialized iterators we can make faster iterating
    void nextOut(Edge& edge) const {
      int src = source(edge).id;
      int trg = target(edge).id;
      ++trg;
      edge.id = (trg < src ? src * (src - 1) / 2 + trg : -1);
    }

    void firstIn(Edge& edge, const Node& node) const {
      int src = node.id + 1;
      int trg = node.id;
      edge.id = (src < _nodeNum ? src * (src - 1) / 2 + trg : -1);
    }
    
    void nextIn(Edge& edge) const {
      int src = source(edge).id;
      int trg = target(edge).id;
      ++src;
      edge.id = (src < _nodeNum ? src * (src - 1) / 2 + trg : -1);
    }

  };

  typedef StaticMappableUndirGraphExtender<
    IterableUndirGraphExtender<
    AlterableUndirGraphExtender<
    UndirGraphExtender<UndirFullGraphBase> > > > ExtendedUndirFullGraphBase;

  /// \ingroup graphs
  ///
  /// \brief An undirected full graph class.
  ///
  /// This is a simple and fast undirected full graph implementation.
  /// It is completely static, so you can neither add nor delete either
  /// edges or nodes.
  ///
  /// The main difference beetween the \e FullGraph and \e UndirFullGraph class
  /// is that this class conforms to the undirected graph concept and
  /// it does not contain the loop edges.
  ///
  /// \sa FullGraph
  ///
  /// \author Balazs Dezso
  class UndirFullGraph : public ExtendedUndirFullGraphBase {
  public:
    UndirFullGraph(int n) { construct(n); }
  };


  class FullUndirBipartiteGraphBase {
  protected:

    int _upperNodeNum;
    int _lowerNodeNum;

    int _edgeNum;

  public:

    class NodeSetError : public LogicError {
      virtual const char* exceptionName() const { 
	return "lemon::FullUndirBipartiteGraph::NodeSetError";
      }
    };
  
    class Node {
      friend class FullUndirBipartiteGraphBase;
    protected:
      int id;

      Node(int _id) : id(_id) {}
    public:
      Node() {}
      Node(Invalid) { id = -1; }
      bool operator==(const Node i) const {return id==i.id;}
      bool operator!=(const Node i) const {return id!=i.id;}
      bool operator<(const Node i) const {return id<i.id;}
    };

    class Edge {
      friend class FullUndirBipartiteGraphBase;
    protected:
      int id;

      Edge(int _id) { id = _id;}
    public:
      Edge() {}
      Edge (Invalid) { id = -1; }
      bool operator==(const Edge i) const {return id==i.id;}
      bool operator!=(const Edge i) const {return id!=i.id;}
      bool operator<(const Edge i) const {return id<i.id;}
    };

    void construct(int upperNodeNum, int lowerNodeNum) {
      _upperNodeNum = upperNodeNum;
      _lowerNodeNum = lowerNodeNum;
      _edgeNum = upperNodeNum * lowerNodeNum;
    }

    void firstUpper(Node& node) const {
      node.id = 2 * _upperNodeNum - 2;
      if (node.id < 0) node.id = -1; 
    }
    void nextUpper(Node& node) const {
      node.id -= 2;
      if (node.id < 0) node.id = -1; 
    }

    void firstLower(Node& node) const {
      node.id = 2 * _lowerNodeNum - 1;
    }
    void nextLower(Node& node) const {
      node.id -= 2;
    }

    void first(Node& node) const {
      if (_upperNodeNum > 0) {
	node.id = 2 * _upperNodeNum - 2;
      } else {
	node.id = 2 * _lowerNodeNum - 1;
      }
    }
    void next(Node& node) const {
      node.id -= 2;
      if (node.id == -2) {
	node.id = 2 * _lowerNodeNum - 1;
      }
    }
  
    void first(Edge& edge) const {
      edge.id = _edgeNum - 1;
    }
    void next(Edge& edge) const {
      --edge.id;
    }

    void firstDown(Edge& edge, const Node& node) const {
      LEMON_ASSERT((node.id & 1) == 0, NodeSetError());
      edge.id = (node.id >> 1) * _lowerNodeNum;
    }
    void nextDown(Edge& edge) const {
      ++(edge.id);
      if (edge.id % _lowerNodeNum == 0) edge.id = -1;
    }

    void firstUp(Edge& edge, const Node& node) const {
      LEMON_ASSERT((node.id & 1) == 1, NodeSetError());
      edge.id = (node.id >> 1);
    }
    void nextUp(Edge& edge) const {
      edge.id += _lowerNodeNum;
      if (edge.id >= _edgeNum) edge.id = -1;
    }

    static int id(const Node& node) {
      return node.id;
    }
    static Node nodeFromId(int id) {
      return Node(id);
    }
    int maxNodeId() const {
      return _upperNodeNum > _lowerNodeNum ? 
	_upperNodeNum * 2 - 2 : _lowerNodeNum * 2 - 1;
    }
  
    static int id(const Edge& edge) {
      return edge.id;
    }
    static Edge edgeFromId(int id) {
      return Edge(id);
    }
    int maxEdgeId() const {
      return _edgeNum - 1;
    }
  
    static int upperId(const Node& node) {
      return node.id >> 1;
    }
    static Node fromUpperId(int id, Node) {
      return Node(id << 1);
    }
    int maxUpperId() const {
      return _upperNodeNum;
    }

    static int lowerId(const Node& node) {
      return node.id >> 1;
    }
    static Node fromLowerId(int id) {
      return Node((id << 1) + 1);
    }
    int maxLowerId() const {
      return _lowerNodeNum;
    }

    Node upperNode(const Edge& edge) const {
      return Node((edge.id / _lowerNodeNum) << 1);
    }
    Node lowerNode(const Edge& edge) const {
      return Node(((edge.id % _lowerNodeNum) << 1) + 1);
    }

    static bool upper(const Node& node) {
      return (node.id & 1) == 0;
    }

    static bool lower(const Node& node) {
      return (node.id & 1) == 1;
    }

    static Node upperNode(int index) {
      return Node(index << 1);
    }

    static Node lowerNode(int index) {
      return Node((index << 1) + 1);
    }

  };


  typedef StaticMappableUndirBipartiteGraphExtender<
    IterableUndirBipartiteGraphExtender<
    AlterableUndirBipartiteGraphExtender<
    UndirBipartiteGraphExtender <
    FullUndirBipartiteGraphBase> > > >
  ExtendedFullUndirBipartiteGraphBase;


  class FullUndirBipartiteGraph : 
    public ExtendedFullUndirBipartiteGraphBase {
  public:
    typedef ExtendedFullUndirBipartiteGraphBase Parent;
    FullUndirBipartiteGraph(int upperNodeNum, int lowerNodeNum) {
      Parent::construct(upperNodeNum, lowerNodeNum);
    }
  };

} //namespace lemon


#endif //LEMON_FULL_GRAPH_H