source: lemon-0.x/lemon/graph_utils.h @ 1990:15fb7a4ea6be

/* -*- C++ -*-
 *
 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2003-2006
 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
 *
 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
 *
 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
 * purpose.
 *
 */

#ifndef LEMON_GRAPH_UTILS_H
#define LEMON_GRAPH_UTILS_H

#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <cmath>

#include <lemon/invalid.h>
#include <lemon/utility.h>
#include <lemon/maps.h>
#include <lemon/traits.h>

#include <lemon/bits/alteration_notifier.h>
#include <lemon/bits/default_map.h>

///\ingroup gutils
///\file
///\brief Graph utilities.
///
///


namespace lemon {

  /// \addtogroup gutils
  /// @{

  ///Creates convenience typedefs for the graph types and iterators

  ///This \c \#define creates convenience typedefs for the following types
  ///of \c Graph: \c Node,  \c NodeIt, \c Edge, \c EdgeIt, \c InEdgeIt,
  ///\c OutEdgeIt,  \c BoolNodeMap,  \c IntNodeMap,  \c DoubleNodeMap,
  ///\c BoolEdgeMap, \c IntEdgeMap,  \c DoubleEdgeMap.  
  ///\note If \c G it a template parameter, it should be used in this way.
  ///\code
  ///  GRAPH_TYPEDEFS(typename G)
  ///\endcode
  ///
  ///\warning There are no typedefs for the graph maps because of the lack of
  ///template typedefs in C++.
#define GRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Graph)                           \
  typedef Graph::     Node      Node;                   \
    typedef Graph::   NodeIt    NodeIt;                 \
    typedef Graph::   Edge      Edge;                   \
    typedef Graph::   EdgeIt    EdgeIt;                 \
    typedef Graph:: InEdgeIt  InEdgeIt;                 \
    typedef Graph::OutEdgeIt OutEdgeIt;                 
//     typedef Graph::template NodeMap<bool> BoolNodeMap;              
//     typedef Graph::template NodeMap<int> IntNodeMap;        
//     typedef Graph::template NodeMap<double> DoubleNodeMap;  
//     typedef Graph::template EdgeMap<bool> BoolEdgeMap;              
//     typedef Graph::template EdgeMap<int> IntEdgeMap;        
//     typedef Graph::template EdgeMap<double> DoubleEdgeMap;
  
  ///Creates convenience typedefs for the undirected graph types and iterators

  ///This \c \#define creates the same convenience typedefs as defined by
  ///\ref GRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Graph) and three more, namely it creates
  ///\c UEdge, \c UEdgeIt, \c IncEdgeIt,
  ///\c BoolUEdgeMap, \c IntUEdgeMap,  \c DoubleUEdgeMap.  
  ///
  ///\note If \c G it a template parameter, it should be used in this way.
  ///\code
  ///  UNDIRGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(typename G)
  ///\endcode
  ///
  ///\warning There are no typedefs for the graph maps because of the lack of
  ///template typedefs in C++.
#define UNDIRGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Graph)                              \
  GRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Graph)                                         \
    typedef Graph:: UEdge   UEdge;                      \
    typedef Graph:: UEdgeIt UEdgeIt;                    \
    typedef Graph:: IncEdgeIt   IncEdgeIt;                     
//     typedef Graph::template UEdgeMap<bool> BoolUEdgeMap;      
//     typedef Graph::template UEdgeMap<int> IntUEdgeMap;
//     typedef Graph::template UEdgeMap<double> DoubleUEdgeMap;
  


  /// \brief Function to count the items in the graph.
  ///
  /// This function counts the items (nodes, edges etc) in the graph.
  /// The complexity of the function is O(n) because
  /// it iterates on all of the items.

  template <typename Graph, typename ItemIt>
  inline int countItems(const Graph& g) {
    int num = 0;
    for (ItemIt it(g); it != INVALID; ++it) {
      ++num;
    }
    return num;
  }

  // Node counting:

  template <typename Graph>
  inline typename enable_if<typename Graph::NodeNumTag, int>::type
  _countNodes(const Graph &g) {
    return g.nodeNum();
  }

  template <typename Graph>
  inline int _countNodes(Wrap<Graph> w) {
    return countItems<Graph, typename Graph::NodeIt>(w.value);
  }

  /// \brief Function to count the nodes in the graph.
  ///
  /// This function counts the nodes in the graph.
  /// The complexity of the function is O(n) but for some
  /// graph structures it is specialized to run in O(1).
  ///
  /// \todo refer how to specialize it

  template <typename Graph>
  inline int countNodes(const Graph& g) {
    return _countNodes<Graph>(g);
  }

  // Edge counting:

  template <typename Graph>
  inline typename enable_if<typename Graph::EdgeNumTag, int>::type
  _countEdges(const Graph &g) {
    return g.edgeNum();
  }

  template <typename Graph>
  inline int _countEdges(Wrap<Graph> w) {
    return countItems<Graph, typename Graph::EdgeIt>(w.value);
  }

  /// \brief Function to count the edges in the graph.
  ///
  /// This function counts the edges in the graph.
  /// The complexity of the function is O(e) but for some
  /// graph structures it is specialized to run in O(1).

  template <typename Graph>
  inline int countEdges(const Graph& g) {
    return _countEdges<Graph>(g);
  }

  // Undirected edge counting:

  template <typename Graph>
  inline
  typename enable_if<typename Graph::EdgeNumTag, int>::type
  _countUEdges(const Graph &g) {
    return g.uEdgeNum();
  }

  template <typename Graph>
  inline int _countUEdges(Wrap<Graph> w) {
    return countItems<Graph, typename Graph::UEdgeIt>(w.value);
  }

  /// \brief Function to count the undirected edges in the graph.
  ///
  /// This function counts the undirected edges in the graph.
  /// The complexity of the function is O(e) but for some
  /// graph structures it is specialized to run in O(1).

  template <typename Graph>
  inline int countUEdges(const Graph& g) {
    return _countUEdges<Graph>(g);
  }



  template <typename Graph, typename DegIt>
  inline int countNodeDegree(const Graph& _g, const typename Graph::Node& _n) {
    int num = 0;
    for (DegIt it(_g, _n); it != INVALID; ++it) {
      ++num;
    }
    return num;
  }

  /// \brief Function to count the number of the out-edges from node \c n.
  ///
  /// This function counts the number of the out-edges from node \c n
  /// in the graph.  
  template <typename Graph>
  inline int countOutEdges(const Graph& _g,  const typename Graph::Node& _n) {
    return countNodeDegree<Graph, typename Graph::OutEdgeIt>(_g, _n);
  }

  /// \brief Function to count the number of the in-edges to node \c n.
  ///
  /// This function counts the number of the in-edges to node \c n
  /// in the graph.  
  template <typename Graph>
  inline int countInEdges(const Graph& _g,  const typename Graph::Node& _n) {
    return countNodeDegree<Graph, typename Graph::InEdgeIt>(_g, _n);
  }

  /// \brief Function to count the number of the inc-edges to node \c n.
  ///
  /// This function counts the number of the inc-edges to node \c n
  /// in the graph.  
  template <typename Graph>
  inline int countIncEdges(const Graph& _g,  const typename Graph::Node& _n) {
    return countNodeDegree<Graph, typename Graph::IncEdgeIt>(_g, _n);
  }


  template <typename Graph>
  inline
  typename enable_if<typename Graph::FindEdgeTag, typename Graph::Edge>::type 
  _findEdge(const Graph &g,
            typename Graph::Node u, typename Graph::Node v,
            typename Graph::Edge prev = INVALID) {
    return g.findEdge(u, v, prev);
  }

  template <typename Graph>
  inline typename Graph::Edge 
  _findEdge(Wrap<Graph> w,
            typename Graph::Node u, 
            typename Graph::Node v,
            typename Graph::Edge prev = INVALID) {
    const Graph& g = w.value;
    if (prev == INVALID) {
      typename Graph::OutEdgeIt e(g, u);
      while (e != INVALID && g.target(e) != v) ++e;
      return e;
    } else {
      typename Graph::OutEdgeIt e(g, prev); ++e;
      while (e != INVALID && g.target(e) != v) ++e;
      return e;
    }
  }

  /// \brief Finds an edge between two nodes of a graph.
  ///
  /// Finds an edge from node \c u to node \c v in graph \c g.
  ///
  /// If \c prev is \ref INVALID (this is the default value), then
  /// it finds the first edge from \c u to \c v. Otherwise it looks for
  /// the next edge from \c u to \c v after \c prev.
  /// \return The found edge or \ref INVALID if there is no such an edge.
  ///
  /// Thus you can iterate through each edge from \c u to \c v as it follows.
  ///\code
  /// for(Edge e=findEdge(g,u,v);e!=INVALID;e=findEdge(g,u,v,e)) {
  ///   ...
  /// }
  ///\endcode
  // /// \todo We may want to use the "GraphBase" 
  // /// interface here...
  template <typename Graph>
  inline typename Graph::Edge findEdge(const Graph &g,
                                       typename Graph::Node u, 
                                       typename Graph::Node v,
                                       typename Graph::Edge prev = INVALID) {
    return _findEdge<Graph>(g, u, v, prev);
  }

  /// \brief Iterator for iterating on edges connected the same nodes.
  ///
  /// Iterator for iterating on edges connected the same nodes. It is 
  /// higher level interface for the findEdge() function. You can
  /// use it the following way:
  ///\code
  /// for (ConEdgeIt<Graph> it(g, src, trg); it != INVALID; ++it) {
  ///   ...
  /// }
  ///\endcode
  ///
  /// \author Balazs Dezso 
  template <typename _Graph>
  class ConEdgeIt : public _Graph::Edge {
  public:

    typedef _Graph Graph;
    typedef typename Graph::Edge Parent;

    typedef typename Graph::Edge Edge;
    typedef typename Graph::Node Node;

    /// \brief Constructor.
    ///
    /// Construct a new ConEdgeIt iterating on the edges which
    /// connects the \c u and \c v node.
    ConEdgeIt(const Graph& g, Node u, Node v) : graph(g) {
      Parent::operator=(findEdge(graph, u, v));
    }

    /// \brief Constructor.
    ///
    /// Construct a new ConEdgeIt which continues the iterating from 
    /// the \c e edge.
    ConEdgeIt(const Graph& g, Edge e) : Parent(e), graph(g) {}
    
    /// \brief Increment operator.
    ///
    /// It increments the iterator and gives back the next edge.
    ConEdgeIt& operator++() {
      Parent::operator=(findEdge(graph, graph.source(*this), 
                                 graph.target(*this), *this));
      return *this;
    }
  private:
    const Graph& graph;
  };

  template <typename Graph>
  inline
  typename enable_if<
    typename Graph::FindEdgeTag, 
    typename Graph::UEdge>::type 
  _findUEdge(const Graph &g,
            typename Graph::Node u, typename Graph::Node v,
            typename Graph::UEdge prev = INVALID) {
    return g.findUEdge(u, v, prev);
  }

  template <typename Graph>
  inline typename Graph::UEdge 
  _findUEdge(Wrap<Graph> w,
            typename Graph::Node u, 
            typename Graph::Node v,
            typename Graph::UEdge prev = INVALID) {
    const Graph& g = w.value;
    if (prev == INVALID) {
      typename Graph::OutEdgeIt e(g, u);
      while (e != INVALID && g.target(e) != v) ++e;
      return e;
    } else {
      typename Graph::OutEdgeIt e(g, g.direct(prev, u)); ++e;
      while (e != INVALID && g.target(e) != v) ++e;
      return e;
    }
  }

  /// \brief Finds an uedge between two nodes of a graph.
  ///
  /// Finds an uedge from node \c u to node \c v in graph \c g.
  ///
  /// If \c prev is \ref INVALID (this is the default value), then
  /// it finds the first edge from \c u to \c v. Otherwise it looks for
  /// the next edge from \c u to \c v after \c prev.
  /// \return The found edge or \ref INVALID if there is no such an edge.
  ///
  /// Thus you can iterate through each edge from \c u to \c v as it follows.
  ///\code
  /// for(UEdge e = findUEdge(g,u,v); e != INVALID; 
  ///     e = findUEdge(g,u,v,e)) {
  ///   ...
  /// }
  ///\endcode
  // /// \todo We may want to use the "GraphBase" 
  // /// interface here...
  template <typename Graph>
  inline typename Graph::UEdge 
  findUEdge(const Graph &g,
                typename Graph::Node u, 
                typename Graph::Node v,
                typename Graph::UEdge prev = INVALID) {
    return _findUEdge<Graph>(g, u, v, prev);
  }

  /// \brief Iterator for iterating on uedges connected the same nodes.
  ///
  /// Iterator for iterating on uedges connected the same nodes. It is 
  /// higher level interface for the findUEdge() function. You can
  /// use it the following way:
  ///\code
  /// for (ConUEdgeIt<Graph> it(g, src, trg); it != INVALID; ++it) {
  ///   ...
  /// }
  ///\endcode
  ///
  /// \author Balazs Dezso 
  template <typename _Graph>
  class ConUEdgeIt : public _Graph::UEdge {
  public:

    typedef _Graph Graph;
    typedef typename Graph::UEdge Parent;

    typedef typename Graph::UEdge UEdge;
    typedef typename Graph::Node Node;

    /// \brief Constructor.
    ///
    /// Construct a new ConUEdgeIt iterating on the edges which
    /// connects the \c u and \c v node.
    ConUEdgeIt(const Graph& g, Node u, Node v) : graph(g) {
      Parent::operator=(findUEdge(graph, u, v));
    }

    /// \brief Constructor.
    ///
    /// Construct a new ConUEdgeIt which continues the iterating from 
    /// the \c e edge.
    ConUEdgeIt(const Graph& g, UEdge e) : Parent(e), graph(g) {}
    
    /// \brief Increment operator.
    ///
    /// It increments the iterator and gives back the next edge.
    ConUEdgeIt& operator++() {
      Parent::operator=(findUEdge(graph, graph.source(*this), 
                                      graph.target(*this), *this));
      return *this;
    }
  private:
    const Graph& graph;
  };

  /// \brief Copy a map.
  ///
  /// This function copies the \c source map to the \c target map. It uses the
  /// given iterator to iterate on the data structure and it uses the \c ref
  /// mapping to convert the source's keys to the target's keys.
  template <typename Target, typename Source, 
            typename ItemIt, typename Ref>          
  void copyMap(Target& target, const Source& source, 
               ItemIt it, const Ref& ref) {
    for (; it != INVALID; ++it) {
      target[ref[it]] = source[it];
    }
  }

  /// \brief Copy the source map to the target map.
  ///
  /// Copy the \c source map to the \c target map. It uses the given iterator
  /// to iterate on the data structure.
  template <typename Target, typename Source, typename ItemIt>      
  void copyMap(Target& target, const Source& source, ItemIt it) {
    for (; it != INVALID; ++it) {
      target[it] = source[it];
    }
  }

  /// \brief Class to copy a graph.
  ///
  /// Class to copy a graph to an other graph (duplicate a graph). The
  /// simplest way of using it is through the \c copyGraph() function.
  template <typename Target, typename Source>
  class GraphCopy {
  public: 
    typedef typename Source::Node Node;
    typedef typename Source::NodeIt NodeIt;
    typedef typename Source::Edge Edge;
    typedef typename Source::EdgeIt EdgeIt;

    typedef typename Source::template NodeMap<typename Target::Node>NodeRefMap;
    typedef typename Source::template EdgeMap<typename Target::Edge>EdgeRefMap;

    /// \brief Constructor for the GraphCopy.
    ///
    /// It copies the content of the \c _source graph into the
    /// \c _target graph. It creates also two references, one beetween
    /// the two nodeset and one beetween the two edgesets.
    GraphCopy(Target& _target, const Source& _source) 
      : source(_source), target(_target), 
        nodeRefMap(_source), edgeRefMap(_source) {
      for (NodeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        nodeRefMap[it] = target.addNode();
      }
      for (EdgeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        edgeRefMap[it] = target.addEdge(nodeRefMap[source.source(it)], 
                                        nodeRefMap[source.target(it)]);
      }
    }

    /// \brief Copies the node references into the given map.
    ///
    /// Copies the node references into the given map.
    template <typename NodeRef>
    const GraphCopy& nodeRef(NodeRef& map) const {
      for (NodeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        map.set(it, nodeRefMap[it]);
      }
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Reverse and copies the node references into the given map.
    ///
    /// Reverse and copies the node references into the given map.
    template <typename NodeRef>
    const GraphCopy& nodeCrossRef(NodeRef& map) const {
      for (NodeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        map.set(nodeRefMap[it], it);
      }
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Copies the edge references into the given map.
    ///
    /// Copies the edge references into the given map.
    template <typename EdgeRef>
    const GraphCopy& edgeRef(EdgeRef& map) const {
      for (EdgeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        map.set(it, edgeRefMap[it]);
      }
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Reverse and copies the edge references into the given map.
    ///
    /// Reverse and copies the edge references into the given map.
    template <typename EdgeRef>
    const GraphCopy& edgeCrossRef(EdgeRef& map) const {
      for (EdgeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        map.set(edgeRefMap[it], it);
      }
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Make copy of the given map.
    ///
    /// Makes copy of the given map for the newly created graph. 
    /// The new map's key type is the target graph's node type,
    /// and the copied map's key type is the source graph's node
    /// type.  
    template <typename TargetMap, typename SourceMap>
    const GraphCopy& nodeMap(TargetMap& tMap, const SourceMap& sMap) const {
      copyMap(tMap, sMap, NodeIt(source), nodeRefMap);
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Make copy of the given map.
    ///
    /// Makes copy of the given map for the newly created graph. 
    /// The new map's key type is the target graph's edge type,
    /// and the copied map's key type is the source graph's edge
    /// type.  
    template <typename TargetMap, typename SourceMap>
    const GraphCopy& edgeMap(TargetMap& tMap, const SourceMap& sMap) const {
      copyMap(tMap, sMap, EdgeIt(source), edgeRefMap);
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Gives back the stored node references.
    ///
    /// Gives back the stored node references.
    const NodeRefMap& nodeRef() const {
      return nodeRefMap;
    }

    /// \brief Gives back the stored edge references.
    ///
    /// Gives back the stored edge references.
    const EdgeRefMap& edgeRef() const {
      return edgeRefMap;
    }

    void run() const {}

  private:
    
    const Source& source;
    Target& target;

    NodeRefMap nodeRefMap;
    EdgeRefMap edgeRefMap;
  };

  /// \brief Copy a graph to an other graph.
  ///
  /// Copy a graph to an other graph.
  /// The usage of the function:
  /// 
  ///\code
  /// copyGraph(trg, src).nodeRef(nr).edgeCrossRef(ecr);
  ///\endcode
  /// 
  /// After the copy the \c nr map will contain the mapping from the
  /// source graph's nodes to the target graph's nodes and the \c ecr will
  /// contain the mapping from the target graph's edges to the source's
  /// edges.
  template <typename Target, typename Source>
  GraphCopy<Target, Source> copyGraph(Target& target, const Source& source) {
    return GraphCopy<Target, Source>(target, source);
  }

  /// \brief Class to copy an undirected graph.
  ///
  /// Class to copy an undirected graph to an other graph (duplicate a graph).
  /// The simplest way of using it is through the \c copyUGraph() function.
  template <typename Target, typename Source>
  class UGraphCopy {
  public: 
    typedef typename Source::Node Node;
    typedef typename Source::NodeIt NodeIt;
    typedef typename Source::Edge Edge;
    typedef typename Source::EdgeIt EdgeIt;
    typedef typename Source::UEdge UEdge;
    typedef typename Source::UEdgeIt UEdgeIt;

    typedef typename Source::
    template NodeMap<typename Target::Node> NodeRefMap;
    
    typedef typename Source::
    template UEdgeMap<typename Target::UEdge> UEdgeRefMap;

  private:

    struct EdgeRefMap {
      EdgeRefMap(UGraphCopy& _gc) : gc(_gc) {}
      typedef typename Source::Edge Key;
      typedef typename Target::Edge Value;

      Value operator[](const Key& key) {
        return gc.target.direct(gc.uEdgeRef[key], 
                                gc.target.direction(key));
      }
      
      UGraphCopy& gc;
    };
    
  public:

    /// \brief Constructor for the UGraphCopy.
    ///
    /// It copies the content of the \c _source graph into the
    /// \c _target graph. It creates also two references, one beetween
    /// the two nodeset and one beetween the two edgesets.
    UGraphCopy(Target& _target, const Source& _source) 
      : source(_source), target(_target), 
        nodeRefMap(_source), edgeRefMap(*this), uEdgeRefMap(_source) {
      for (NodeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        nodeRefMap[it] = target.addNode();
      }
      for (UEdgeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        uEdgeRefMap[it] = target.addEdge(nodeRefMap[source.source(it)], 
                                        nodeRefMap[source.target(it)]);
      }
    }

    /// \brief Copies the node references into the given map.
    ///
    /// Copies the node references into the given map.
    template <typename NodeRef>
    const UGraphCopy& nodeRef(NodeRef& map) const {
      for (NodeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        map.set(it, nodeRefMap[it]);
      }
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Reverse and copies the node references into the given map.
    ///
    /// Reverse and copies the node references into the given map.
    template <typename NodeRef>
    const UGraphCopy& nodeCrossRef(NodeRef& map) const {
      for (NodeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        map.set(nodeRefMap[it], it);
      }
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Copies the edge references into the given map.
    ///
    /// Copies the edge references into the given map.
    template <typename EdgeRef>
    const UGraphCopy& edgeRef(EdgeRef& map) const {
      for (EdgeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        map.set(edgeRefMap[it], it);
      }
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Reverse and copies the undirected edge references into the 
    /// given map.
    ///
    /// Reverse and copies the undirected edge references into the given map.
    template <typename EdgeRef>
    const UGraphCopy& edgeCrossRef(EdgeRef& map) const {
      for (EdgeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        map.set(it, edgeRefMap[it]);
      }
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Copies the undirected edge references into the given map.
    ///
    /// Copies the undirected edge references into the given map.
    template <typename EdgeRef>
    const UGraphCopy& uEdgeRef(EdgeRef& map) const {
      for (UEdgeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        map.set(it, uEdgeRefMap[it]);
      }
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Reverse and copies the undirected edge references into the 
    /// given map.
    ///
    /// Reverse and copies the undirected edge references into the given map.
    template <typename EdgeRef>
    const UGraphCopy& uEdgeCrossRef(EdgeRef& map) const {
      for (UEdgeIt it(source); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        map.set(uEdgeRefMap[it], it);
      }
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Make copy of the given map.
    ///
    /// Makes copy of the given map for the newly created graph. 
    /// The new map's key type is the target graph's node type,
    /// and the copied map's key type is the source graph's node
    /// type.  
    template <typename TargetMap, typename SourceMap>
    const UGraphCopy& nodeMap(TargetMap& tMap, 
                                  const SourceMap& sMap) const {
      copyMap(tMap, sMap, NodeIt(source), nodeRefMap);
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Make copy of the given map.
    ///
    /// Makes copy of the given map for the newly created graph. 
    /// The new map's key type is the target graph's edge type,
    /// and the copied map's key type is the source graph's edge
    /// type.  
    template <typename TargetMap, typename SourceMap>
    const UGraphCopy& edgeMap(TargetMap& tMap, 
                                  const SourceMap& sMap) const {
      copyMap(tMap, sMap, EdgeIt(source), edgeRefMap);
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Make copy of the given map.
    ///
    /// Makes copy of the given map for the newly created graph. 
    /// The new map's key type is the target graph's edge type,
    /// and the copied map's key type is the source graph's edge
    /// type.  
    template <typename TargetMap, typename SourceMap>
    const UGraphCopy& uEdgeMap(TargetMap& tMap, 
                                  const SourceMap& sMap) const {
      copyMap(tMap, sMap, UEdgeIt(source), uEdgeRefMap);
      return *this;
    }

    /// \brief Gives back the stored node references.
    ///
    /// Gives back the stored node references.
    const NodeRefMap& nodeRef() const {
      return nodeRefMap;
    }

    /// \brief Gives back the stored edge references.
    ///
    /// Gives back the stored edge references.
    const EdgeRefMap& edgeRef() const {
      return edgeRefMap;
    }

    /// \brief Gives back the stored uedge references.
    ///
    /// Gives back the stored uedge references.
    const UEdgeRefMap& uEdgeRef() const {
      return uEdgeRefMap;
    }

    void run() const {}

  private:
    
    const Source& source;
    Target& target;

    NodeRefMap nodeRefMap;
    EdgeRefMap edgeRefMap;
    UEdgeRefMap uEdgeRefMap;
  };

  /// \brief Copy a graph to an other graph.
  ///
  /// Copy a graph to an other graph.
  /// The usage of the function:
  /// 
  ///\code
  /// copyGraph(trg, src).nodeRef(nr).edgeCrossRef(ecr);
  ///\endcode
  /// 
  /// After the copy the \c nr map will contain the mapping from the
  /// source graph's nodes to the target graph's nodes and the \c ecr will
  /// contain the mapping from the target graph's edges to the source's
  /// edges.
  template <typename Target, typename Source>
  UGraphCopy<Target, Source> 
  copyUGraph(Target& target, const Source& source) {
    return UGraphCopy<Target, Source>(target, source);
  }


  /// @}

  /// \addtogroup graph_maps
  /// @{

  /// Provides an immutable and unique id for each item in the graph.

  /// The IdMap class provides a unique and immutable id for each item of the
  /// same type (e.g. node) in the graph. This id is <ul><li>\b unique:
  /// different items (nodes) get different ids <li>\b immutable: the id of an
  /// item (node) does not change (even if you delete other nodes).  </ul>
  /// Through this map you get access (i.e. can read) the inner id values of
  /// the items stored in the graph. This map can be inverted with its member
  /// class \c InverseMap.
  ///
  template <typename _Graph, typename _Item>
  class IdMap {
  public:
    typedef _Graph Graph;
    typedef int Value;
    typedef _Item Item;
    typedef _Item Key;

    /// \brief Constructor.
    ///
    /// Constructor for creating id map.
    IdMap(const Graph& _graph) : graph(&_graph) {}

    /// \brief Gives back the \e id of the item.
    ///
    /// Gives back the immutable and unique \e id of the map.
    int operator[](const Item& item) const { return graph->id(item);}


  private:
    const Graph* graph;

  public:

    /// \brief The class represents the inverse of its owner (IdMap).
    ///
    /// The class represents the inverse of its owner (IdMap).
    /// \see inverse()
    class InverseMap {
    public:

      /// \brief Constructor.
      ///
      /// Constructor for creating an id-to-item map.
      InverseMap(const Graph& _graph) : graph(&_graph) {}

      /// \brief Constructor.
      ///
      /// Constructor for creating an id-to-item map.
      InverseMap(const IdMap& idMap) : graph(idMap.graph) {}

      /// \brief Gives back the given item from its id.
      ///
      /// Gives back the given item from its id.
      /// 
      Item operator[](int id) const { return graph->fromId(id, Item());}
    private:
      const Graph* graph;
    };

    /// \brief Gives back the inverse of the map.
    ///
    /// Gives back the inverse of the IdMap.
    InverseMap inverse() const { return InverseMap(*graph);} 

  };

  
  /// \brief General invertable graph-map type.

  /// This type provides simple invertable graph-maps. 
  /// The InvertableMap wraps an arbitrary ReadWriteMap 
  /// and if a key is set to a new value then store it
  /// in the inverse map.
  ///
  /// The values of the map can be accessed
  /// with stl compatible forward iterator.
  ///
  /// \param _Graph The graph type.
  /// \param _Item The item type of the graph.
  /// \param _Value The value type of the map.
  ///
  /// \see IterableValueMap
#ifndef DOXYGEN
  /// \param _Map A ReadWriteMap mapping from the item type to integer.
  template <
    typename _Graph, typename _Item, typename _Value, 
    typename _Map = DefaultMap<_Graph, _Item, _Value>
  >
#else
  template <typename _Graph, typename _Item, typename _Value>
#endif
  class InvertableMap : protected _Map {
  public:

    /// The key type of InvertableMap (Node, Edge, UEdge).
    typedef typename _Map::Key Key;
    /// The value type of the InvertableMap.
    typedef typename _Map::Value Value;

  private:
    
    typedef _Map Map;
    typedef _Graph Graph;

    typedef std::map<Value, Key> Container;
    Container invMap;    

  public:
 


    /// \brief Constructor.
    ///
    /// Construct a new InvertableMap for the graph.
    ///
    InvertableMap(const Graph& graph) : Map(graph) {} 

    /// \brief Forward iterator for values.
    ///
    /// This iterator is an stl compatible forward
    /// iterator on the values of the map. The values can
    /// be accessed in the [beginValue, endValue) range.
    ///
    class ValueIterator 
      : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, Value> {
      friend class InvertableMap;
    private:
      ValueIterator(typename Container::const_iterator _it) 
        : it(_it) {}
    public:
      
      ValueIterator() {}

      ValueIterator& operator++() { ++it; return *this; }
      ValueIterator operator++(int) { 
        ValueIterator tmp(*this); 
        operator++();
        return tmp; 
      }

      const Value& operator*() const { return it->first; }
      const Value* operator->() const { return &(it->first); }

      bool operator==(ValueIterator jt) const { return it == jt.it; }
      bool operator!=(ValueIterator jt) const { return it != jt.it; }
      
    private:
      typename Container::const_iterator it;
    };

    /// \brief Returns an iterator to the first value.
    ///
    /// Returns an stl compatible iterator to the 
    /// first value of the map. The values of the
    /// map can be accessed in the [beginValue, endValue)
    /// range.
    ValueIterator beginValue() const {
      return ValueIterator(invMap.begin());
    }

    /// \brief Returns an iterator after the last value.
    ///
    /// Returns an stl compatible iterator after the 
    /// last value of the map. The values of the
    /// map can be accessed in the [beginValue, endValue)
    /// range.
    ValueIterator endValue() const {
      return ValueIterator(invMap.end());
    }
    
    /// \brief The setter function of the map.
    ///
    /// Sets the mapped value.
    void set(const Key& key, const Value& val) {
      Value oldval = Map::operator[](key);
      typename Container::iterator it = invMap.find(oldval);
      if (it != invMap.end() && it->second == key) {
        invMap.erase(it);
      }      
      invMap.insert(make_pair(val, key));
      Map::set(key, val);
    }

    /// \brief The getter function of the map.
    ///
    /// It gives back the value associated with the key.
    typename MapTraits<Map>::ConstReturnValue 
    operator[](const Key& key) const {
      return Map::operator[](key);
    }

  protected:

    /// \brief Erase the key from the map.
    ///
    /// Erase the key to the map. It is called by the
    /// \c AlterationNotifier.
    virtual void erase(const Key& key) {
      Value val = Map::operator[](key);
      typename Container::iterator it = invMap.find(val);
      if (it != invMap.end() && it->second == key) {
        invMap.erase(it);
      }
      Map::erase(key);
    }

    /// \brief Erase more keys from the map.
    ///
    /// Erase more keys from the map. It is called by the
    /// \c AlterationNotifier.
    virtual void erase(const std::vector<Key>& keys) {
      for (int i = 0; i < (int)keys.size(); ++i) {
        Value val = Map::operator[](keys[i]);
        typename Container::iterator it = invMap.find(val);
        if (it != invMap.end() && it->second == keys[i]) {
          invMap.erase(it);
        }
      }
      Map::erase(keys);
    }

    /// \brief Clear the keys from the map and inverse map.
    ///
    /// Clear the keys from the map and inverse map. It is called by the
    /// \c AlterationNotifier.
    virtual void clear() {
      invMap.clear();
      Map::clear();
    }

  public:

    /// \brief The inverse map type.
    ///
    /// The inverse of this map. The subscript operator of the map
    /// gives back always the item what was last assigned to the value. 
    class InverseMap {
    public:
      /// \brief Constructor of the InverseMap.
      ///
      /// Constructor of the InverseMap.
      InverseMap(const InvertableMap& _inverted) : inverted(_inverted) {}

      /// The value type of the InverseMap.
      typedef typename InvertableMap::Key Value;
      /// The key type of the InverseMap.
      typedef typename InvertableMap::Value Key; 

      /// \brief Subscript operator. 
      ///
      /// Subscript operator. It gives back always the item 
      /// what was last assigned to the value.
      Value operator[](const Key& key) const {
        typename Container::const_iterator it = inverted.invMap.find(key);
        return it->second;
      }
      
    private:
      const InvertableMap& inverted;
    };

    /// \brief It gives back the just readeable inverse map.
    ///
    /// It gives back the just readeable inverse map.
    InverseMap inverse() const {
      return InverseMap(*this);
    } 


    
  };

  /// \brief Provides a mutable, continuous and unique descriptor for each 
  /// item in the graph.
  ///
  /// The DescriptorMap class provides a unique and continuous (but mutable)
  /// descriptor (id) for each item of the same type (e.g. node) in the
  /// graph. This id is <ul><li>\b unique: different items (nodes) get
  /// different ids <li>\b continuous: the range of the ids is the set of
  /// integers between 0 and \c n-1, where \c n is the number of the items of
  /// this type (e.g. nodes) (so the id of a node can change if you delete an
  /// other node, i.e. this id is mutable).  </ul> This map can be inverted
  /// with its member class \c InverseMap.
  ///
  /// \param _Graph The graph class the \c DescriptorMap belongs to.
  /// \param _Item The Item is the Key of the Map. It may be Node, Edge or 
  /// UEdge.
#ifndef DOXYGEN
  /// \param _Map A ReadWriteMap mapping from the item type to integer.
  template <
    typename _Graph, typename _Item,
    typename _Map = DefaultMap<_Graph, _Item, int>
  >
#else
  template <typename _Graph, typename _Item>
#endif
  class DescriptorMap : protected _Map {

    typedef _Item Item;
    typedef _Map Map;

  public:
    /// The graph class of DescriptorMap.
    typedef _Graph Graph;

    /// The key type of DescriptorMap (Node, Edge, UEdge).
    typedef typename _Map::Key Key;
    /// The value type of DescriptorMap.
    typedef typename _Map::Value Value;

    /// \brief Constructor.
    ///
    /// Constructor for descriptor map.
    DescriptorMap(const Graph& _graph) : Map(_graph) {
      build();
    }

  protected:

    /// \brief Add a new key to the map.
    ///
    /// Add a new key to the map. It is called by the
    /// \c AlterationNotifier.
    virtual void add(const Item& item) {
      Map::add(item);
      Map::set(item, invMap.size());
      invMap.push_back(item);
    }

    /// \brief Add more new keys to the map.
    ///
    /// Add more new keys to the map. It is called by the
    /// \c AlterationNotifier.
    virtual void add(const std::vector<Item>& items) {
      Map::add(items);
      for (int i = 0; i < (int)items.size(); ++i) {
        Map::set(items[i], invMap.size());
        invMap.push_back(items[i]);
      }
    }

    /// \brief Erase the key from the map.
    ///
    /// Erase the key from the map. It is called by the
    /// \c AlterationNotifier.
    virtual void erase(const Item& item) {
      Map::set(invMap.back(), Map::operator[](item));
      invMap[Map::operator[](item)] = invMap.back();
      invMap.pop_back();
      Map::erase(item);
    }

    /// \brief Erase more keys from the map.
    ///
    /// Erase more keys from the map. It is called by the
    /// \c AlterationNotifier.
    virtual void erase(const std::vector<Item>& items) {
      for (int i = 0; i < (int)items.size(); ++i) {
        Map::set(invMap.back(), Map::operator[](items[i]));
        invMap[Map::operator[](items[i])] = invMap.back();
        invMap.pop_back();
      }
      Map::erase(items);
    }

    /// \brief Build the unique map.
    ///
    /// Build the unique map. It is called by the
    /// \c AlterationNotifier.
    virtual void build() {
      Map::build();
      Item it;
      const typename Map::Graph* graph = Map::getGraph(); 
      for (graph->first(it); it != INVALID; graph->next(it)) {
        Map::set(it, invMap.size());
        invMap.push_back(it);   
      }      
    }
    
    /// \brief Clear the keys from the map.
    ///
    /// Clear the keys from the map. It is called by the
    /// \c AlterationNotifier.
    virtual void clear() {
      invMap.clear();
      Map::clear();
    }

  public:

    /// \brief Returns the maximal value plus one.
    ///
    /// Returns the maximal value plus one in the map.
    unsigned int size() const {
      return invMap.size();
    }

    /// \brief Swaps the position of the two items in the map.
    ///
    /// Swaps the position of the two items in the map.
    void swap(const Item& p, const Item& q) {
      int pi = Map::operator[](p);
      int qi = Map::operator[](q);
      Map::set(p, qi);
      invMap[qi] = p;
      Map::set(q, pi);
      invMap[pi] = q;
    }

    /// \brief Gives back the \e descriptor of the item.
    ///
    /// Gives back the mutable and unique \e descriptor of the map.
    int operator[](const Item& item) const {
      return Map::operator[](item);
    }
    
  private:

    typedef std::vector<Item> Container;
    Container invMap;

  public:
    /// \brief The inverse map type of DescriptorMap.
    ///
    /// The inverse map type of DescriptorMap.
    class InverseMap {
    public:
      /// \brief Constructor of the InverseMap.
      ///
      /// Constructor of the InverseMap.
      InverseMap(const DescriptorMap& _inverted) 
        : inverted(_inverted) {}


      /// The value type of the InverseMap.
      typedef typename DescriptorMap::Key Value;
      /// The key type of the InverseMap.
      typedef typename DescriptorMap::Value Key; 

      /// \brief Subscript operator. 
      ///
      /// Subscript operator. It gives back the item 
      /// that the descriptor belongs to currently.
      Value operator[](const Key& key) const {
        return inverted.invMap[key];
      }

      /// \brief Size of the map.
      ///
      /// Returns the size of the map.
      unsigned int size() const {
        return inverted.invMap.size();
      }
      
    private:
      const DescriptorMap& inverted;
    };

    /// \brief Gives back the inverse of the map.
    ///
    /// Gives back the inverse of the map.
    const InverseMap inverse() const {
      return InverseMap(*this);
    }
  };

  /// \brief Returns the source of the given edge.
  ///
  /// The SourceMap gives back the source Node of the given edge. 
  /// \author Balazs Dezso
  template <typename Graph>
  class SourceMap {
  public:

    typedef typename Graph::Node Value;
    typedef typename Graph::Edge Key;

    /// \brief Constructor
    ///
    /// Constructor
    /// \param _graph The graph that the map belongs to.
    SourceMap(const Graph& _graph) : graph(_graph) {}

    /// \brief The subscript operator.
    ///
    /// The subscript operator.
    /// \param edge The edge 
    /// \return The source of the edge 
    Value operator[](const Key& edge) const {
      return graph.source(edge);
    }

  private:
    const Graph& graph;
  };

  /// \brief Returns a \ref SourceMap class
  ///
  /// This function just returns an \ref SourceMap class.
  /// \relates SourceMap
  template <typename Graph>
  inline SourceMap<Graph> sourceMap(const Graph& graph) {
    return SourceMap<Graph>(graph);
  } 

  /// \brief Returns the target of the given edge.
  ///
  /// The TargetMap gives back the target Node of the given edge. 
  /// \author Balazs Dezso
  template <typename Graph>
  class TargetMap {
  public:

    typedef typename Graph::Node Value;
    typedef typename Graph::Edge Key;

    /// \brief Constructor
    ///
    /// Constructor
    /// \param _graph The graph that the map belongs to.
    TargetMap(const Graph& _graph) : graph(_graph) {}

    /// \brief The subscript operator.
    ///
    /// The subscript operator.
    /// \param e The edge 
    /// \return The target of the edge 
    Value operator[](const Key& e) const {
      return graph.target(e);
    }

  private:
    const Graph& graph;
  };

  /// \brief Returns a \ref TargetMap class
  ///
  /// This function just returns a \ref TargetMap class.
  /// \relates TargetMap
  template <typename Graph>
  inline TargetMap<Graph> targetMap(const Graph& graph) {
    return TargetMap<Graph>(graph);
  }

  /// \brief Returns the "forward" directed edge view of an undirected edge.
  ///
  /// Returns the "forward" directed edge view of an undirected edge.
  /// \author Balazs Dezso
  template <typename Graph>
  class ForwardMap {
  public:

    typedef typename Graph::Edge Value;
    typedef typename Graph::UEdge Key;

    /// \brief Constructor
    ///
    /// Constructor
    /// \param _graph The graph that the map belongs to.
    ForwardMap(const Graph& _graph) : graph(_graph) {}

    /// \brief The subscript operator.
    ///
    /// The subscript operator.
    /// \param key An undirected edge 
    /// \return The "forward" directed edge view of undirected edge 
    Value operator[](const Key& key) const {
      return graph.direct(key, true);
    }

  private:
    const Graph& graph;
  };

  /// \brief Returns a \ref ForwardMap class
  ///
  /// This function just returns an \ref ForwardMap class.
  /// \relates ForwardMap
  template <typename Graph>
  inline ForwardMap<Graph> forwardMap(const Graph& graph) {
    return ForwardMap<Graph>(graph);
  }

  /// \brief Returns the "backward" directed edge view of an undirected edge.
  ///
  /// Returns the "backward" directed edge view of an undirected edge.
  /// \author Balazs Dezso
  template <typename Graph>
  class BackwardMap {
  public:

    typedef typename Graph::Edge Value;
    typedef typename Graph::UEdge Key;

    /// \brief Constructor
    ///
    /// Constructor
    /// \param _graph The graph that the map belongs to.
    BackwardMap(const Graph& _graph) : graph(_graph) {}

    /// \brief The subscript operator.
    ///
    /// The subscript operator.
    /// \param key An undirected edge 
    /// \return The "backward" directed edge view of undirected edge 
    Value operator[](const Key& key) const {
      return graph.direct(key, false);
    }

  private:
    const Graph& graph;
  };

  /// \brief Returns a \ref BackwardMap class

  /// This function just returns a \ref BackwardMap class.
  /// \relates BackwardMap
  template <typename Graph>
  inline BackwardMap<Graph> backwardMap(const Graph& graph) {
    return BackwardMap<Graph>(graph);
  }

  /// \brief Potential difference map
  ///
  /// If there is an potential map on the nodes then we
  /// can get an edge map as we get the substraction of the
  /// values of the target and source.
  template <typename Graph, typename NodeMap>
  class PotentialDifferenceMap {
  public:
    typedef typename Graph::Edge Key;
    typedef typename NodeMap::Value Value;

    /// \brief Constructor
    ///
    /// Contructor of the map
    PotentialDifferenceMap(const Graph& _graph, const NodeMap& _potential) 
      : graph(_graph), potential(_potential) {}

    /// \brief Const subscription operator
    ///
    /// Const subscription operator
    Value operator[](const Key& edge) const {
      return potential[graph.target(edge)] - potential[graph.source(edge)];
    }

  private:
    const Graph& graph;
    const NodeMap& potential;
  };

  /// \brief Just returns a PotentialDifferenceMap
  ///
  /// Just returns a PotentialDifferenceMap
  /// \relates PotentialDifferenceMap
  template <typename Graph, typename NodeMap>
  PotentialDifferenceMap<Graph, NodeMap> 
  potentialDifferenceMap(const Graph& graph, const NodeMap& potential) {
    return PotentialDifferenceMap<Graph, NodeMap>(graph, potential);
  }

  /// \brief Map of the node in-degrees.
  ///
  /// This map returns the in-degree of a node. Once it is constructed,
  /// the degrees are stored in a standard NodeMap, so each query is done
  /// in constant time. On the other hand, the values are updated automatically
  /// whenever the graph changes.
  ///
  /// \warning Besides addNode() and addEdge(), a graph structure may provide
  /// alternative ways to modify the graph. The correct behavior of InDegMap
  /// is not guarantied if these additional features are used. For example
  /// the functions \ref ListGraph::changeSource() "changeSource()",
  /// \ref ListGraph::changeTarget() "changeTarget()" and
  /// \ref ListGraph::reverseEdge() "reverseEdge()"
  /// of \ref ListGraph will \e not update the degree values correctly.
  ///
  /// \sa OutDegMap

  template <typename _Graph>
  class InDegMap  
    : protected AlterationNotifier<typename _Graph::Edge>::ObserverBase {

  public:
    
    typedef _Graph Graph;
    typedef int Value;
    typedef typename Graph::Node Key;

  private:

    class AutoNodeMap : public DefaultMap<_Graph, Key, int> {
    public:

      typedef DefaultMap<_Graph, Key, int> Parent;

      AutoNodeMap(const Graph& graph) : Parent(graph, 0) {}
      
      virtual void add(const Key& key) {
        Parent::add(key);
        Parent::set(key, 0);
      }

      virtual void add(const std::vector<Key>& keys) {
        Parent::add(keys);
        for (int i = 0; i < (int)keys.size(); ++i) {
          Parent::set(keys[i], 0);
        }
      }
    };

  public:

    /// \brief Constructor.
    ///
    /// Constructor for creating in-degree map.
    InDegMap(const Graph& _graph) : graph(_graph), deg(_graph) {
      AlterationNotifier<typename _Graph::Edge>
        ::ObserverBase::attach(graph.getNotifier(typename _Graph::Edge()));
      
      for(typename _Graph::NodeIt it(graph); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        deg[it] = countInEdges(graph, it);
      }
    }

    virtual ~InDegMap() {
      AlterationNotifier<typename _Graph::Edge>::
        ObserverBase::detach();
    }
    
    /// Gives back the in-degree of a Node.
    int operator[](const Key& key) const {
      return deg[key];
    }

  protected:
    
    typedef typename Graph::Edge Edge;

    virtual void add(const Edge& edge) {
      ++deg[graph.target(edge)];
    }

    virtual void add(const std::vector<Edge>& edges) {
      for (int i = 0; i < (int)edges.size(); ++i) {
        ++deg[graph.target(edges[i])];
      }
    }

    virtual void erase(const Edge& edge) {
      --deg[graph.target(edge)];
    }

    virtual void erase(const std::vector<Edge>& edges) {
      for (int i = 0; i < (int)edges.size(); ++i) {
        --deg[graph.target(edges[i])];
      }
    }

    virtual void build() {
      for(typename _Graph::NodeIt it(graph); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        deg[it] = countInEdges(graph, it);
      }      
    }

    virtual void clear() {
      for(typename _Graph::NodeIt it(graph); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        deg[it] = 0;
      }
    }
  private:
    
    const _Graph& graph;
    AutoNodeMap deg;
  };

  /// \brief Map of the node out-degrees.
  ///
  /// This map returns the out-degree of a node. Once it is constructed,
  /// the degrees are stored in a standard NodeMap, so each query is done
  /// in constant time. On the other hand, the values are updated automatically
  /// whenever the graph changes.
  ///
  /// \warning Besides addNode() and addEdge(), a graph structure may provide
  /// alternative ways to modify the graph. The correct behavior of OutDegMap
  /// is not guarantied if these additional features are used. For example
  /// the functions \ref ListGraph::changeSource() "changeSource()",
  /// \ref ListGraph::changeTarget() "changeTarget()" and
  /// \ref ListGraph::reverseEdge() "reverseEdge()"
  /// of \ref ListGraph will \e not update the degree values correctly.
  ///
  /// \sa InDegMap

  template <typename _Graph>
  class OutDegMap  
    : protected AlterationNotifier<typename _Graph::Edge>::ObserverBase {

  public:
    
    typedef _Graph Graph;
    typedef int Value;
    typedef typename Graph::Node Key;

  private:

    class AutoNodeMap : public DefaultMap<_Graph, Key, int> {
    public:

      typedef DefaultMap<_Graph, Key, int> Parent;

      AutoNodeMap(const Graph& graph) : Parent(graph, 0) {}
      
      virtual void add(const Key& key) {
        Parent::add(key);
        Parent::set(key, 0);
      }
      virtual void add(const std::vector<Key>& keys) {
        Parent::add(keys);
        for (int i = 0; i < (int)keys.size(); ++i) {
          Parent::set(keys[i], 0);
        }
      }
    };

  public:

    /// \brief Constructor.
    ///
    /// Constructor for creating out-degree map.
    OutDegMap(const Graph& _graph) : graph(_graph), deg(_graph) {
      AlterationNotifier<typename _Graph::Edge>
        ::ObserverBase::attach(graph.getNotifier(typename _Graph::Edge()));
      
      for(typename _Graph::NodeIt it(graph); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        deg[it] = countOutEdges(graph, it);
      }
    }

    virtual ~OutDegMap() {
      AlterationNotifier<typename _Graph::Edge>::
        ObserverBase::detach();
    }
    
    /// Gives back the out-degree of a Node.
    int operator[](const Key& key) const {
      return deg[key];
    }

  protected:
    
    typedef typename Graph::Edge Edge;

    virtual void add(const Edge& edge) {
      ++deg[graph.source(edge)];
    }

    virtual void add(const std::vector<Edge>& edges) {
      for (int i = 0; i < (int)edges.size(); ++i) {
        ++deg[graph.source(edges[i])];
      }
    }

    virtual void erase(const Edge& edge) {
      --deg[graph.source(edge)];
    }

    virtual void erase(const std::vector<Edge>& edges) {
      for (int i = 0; i < (int)edges.size(); ++i) {
        --deg[graph.source(edges[i])];
      }
    }

    virtual void build() {
      for(typename _Graph::NodeIt it(graph); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        deg[it] = countOutEdges(graph, it);
      }      
    }

    virtual void clear() {
      for(typename _Graph::NodeIt it(graph); it != INVALID; ++it) {
        deg[it] = 0;
      }
    }
  private:
    
    const _Graph& graph;
    AutoNodeMap deg;
  };


  /// @}

} //END OF NAMESPACE LEMON

#endif