COIN-OR::LEMON - Graph Library

source: lemon-0.x/lemon/kruskal.h @ 2162:6831fa007688

Last change on this file since 2162:6831fa007688 was 2111:ea1fa1bc3f6d, checked in by Balazs Dezso, 18 years ago

Removing concepts for extendable and erasable graphs
Renaming StaticGraph? to Graph

File size: 13.5 KB
RevLine 
[906]1/* -*- C++ -*-
2 *
[1956]3 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2006
6 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
[1359]7 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
[906]8 *
9 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
10 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
11 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
12 *
13 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
14 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
15 * purpose.
16 *
17 */
18
[921]19#ifndef LEMON_KRUSKAL_H
20#define LEMON_KRUSKAL_H
[810]21
22#include <algorithm>
[1942]23#include <vector>
[921]24#include <lemon/unionfind.h>
[1993]25#include <lemon/bits/utility.h>
26#include <lemon/bits/traits.h>
[810]27
28///\ingroup spantree
29///\file
30///\brief Kruskal's algorithm to compute a minimum cost tree
31///
32///Kruskal's algorithm to compute a minimum cost tree.
[1557]33///
34///\todo The file still needs some clean-up.
[810]35
[921]36namespace lemon {
[810]37
38  /// \addtogroup spantree
39  /// @{
40
41  /// Kruskal's algorithm to find a minimum cost tree of a graph.
42
43  /// This function runs Kruskal's algorithm to find a minimum cost tree.
[1557]44  /// Due to hard C++ hacking, it accepts various input and output types.
45  ///
[1555]46  /// \param g The graph the algorithm runs on.
[2111]47  /// It can be either \ref concept::Graph "directed" or
[1909]48  /// \ref concept::UGraph "undirected".
[1555]49  /// If the graph is directed, the algorithm consider it to be
50  /// undirected by disregarding the direction of the edges.
[810]51  ///
[1557]52  /// \param in This object is used to describe the edge costs. It can be one
53  /// of the following choices.
54  /// - An STL compatible 'Forward Container'
[824]55  /// with <tt>std::pair<GR::Edge,X></tt> as its <tt>value_type</tt>,
[1557]56  /// where \c X is the type of the costs. The pairs indicates the edges along
57  /// with the assigned cost. <em>They must be in a
58  /// cost-ascending order.</em>
59  /// - Any readable Edge map. The values of the map indicate the edge costs.
[810]60  ///
[1557]61  /// \retval out Here we also have a choise.
62  /// - Is can be a writable \c bool edge map.
[810]63  /// After running the algorithm
64  /// this will contain the found minimum cost spanning tree: the value of an
65  /// edge will be set to \c true if it belongs to the tree, otherwise it will
66  /// be set to \c false. The value of each edge will be set exactly once.
[1557]67  /// - It can also be an iteraror of an STL Container with
68  /// <tt>GR::Edge</tt> as its <tt>value_type</tt>.
69  /// The algorithm copies the elements of the found tree into this sequence.
70  /// For example, if we know that the spanning tree of the graph \c g has
[1603]71  /// say 53 edges, then
[1557]72  /// we can put its edges into a STL vector \c tree with a code like this.
[1946]73  ///\code
[1557]74  /// std::vector<Edge> tree(53);
75  /// kruskal(g,cost,tree.begin());
[1946]76  ///\endcode
[1557]77  /// Or if we don't know in advance the size of the tree, we can write this.
[1946]78  ///\code
[1557]79  /// std::vector<Edge> tree;
80  /// kruskal(g,cost,std::back_inserter(tree));
[1946]81  ///\endcode
[810]82  ///
83  /// \return The cost of the found tree.
[1449]84  ///
[1631]85  /// \warning If kruskal is run on an
[1909]86  /// \ref lemon::concept::UGraph "undirected graph", be sure that the
[1603]87  /// map storing the tree is also undirected
[1909]88  /// (e.g. ListUGraph::UEdgeMap<bool>, otherwise the values of the
[1603]89  /// half of the edges will not be set.
90  ///
[1449]91  /// \todo Discuss the case of undirected graphs: In this case the algorithm
[1909]92  /// also require <tt>Edge</tt>s instead of <tt>UEdge</tt>s, as some
[1449]93  /// people would expect. So, one should be careful not to add both of the
[1909]94  /// <tt>Edge</tt>s belonging to a certain <tt>UEdge</tt>.
[1570]95  /// (\ref kruskal() and \ref KruskalMapInput are kind enough to do so.)
[810]96
[1557]97#ifdef DOXYGEN
[824]98  template <class GR, class IN, class OUT>
99  typename IN::value_type::second_type
[1547]100  kruskal(GR const& g, IN const& in,
[1557]101          OUT& out)
102#else
103  template <class GR, class IN, class OUT>
104  typename IN::value_type::second_type
105  kruskal(GR const& g, IN const& in,
106          OUT& out,
107//        typename IN::value_type::first_type = typename GR::Edge()
108//        ,typename OUT::Key = OUT::Key()
109//        //,typename OUT::Key = typename GR::Edge()
110          const typename IN::value_type::first_type * =
111          (const typename IN::value_type::first_type *)(0),
112          const typename OUT::Key * = (const typename OUT::Key *)(0)
113          )
114#endif
[810]115  {
[824]116    typedef typename IN::value_type::second_type EdgeCost;
117    typedef typename GR::template NodeMap<int> NodeIntMap;
118    typedef typename GR::Node Node;
[810]119
[1547]120    NodeIntMap comp(g, -1);
[810]121    UnionFind<Node,NodeIntMap> uf(comp);
122     
123    EdgeCost tot_cost = 0;
[824]124    for (typename IN::const_iterator p = in.begin();
[810]125         p!=in.end(); ++p ) {
[1547]126      if ( uf.join(g.target((*p).first),
127                   g.source((*p).first)) ) {
[810]128        out.set((*p).first, true);
129        tot_cost += (*p).second;
130      }
131      else {
132        out.set((*p).first, false);
133      }
134    }
135    return tot_cost;
136  }
137
[1557]138 
139  /// @}
140
141 
[810]142  /* A work-around for running Kruskal with const-reference bool maps... */
143
[885]144  /// Helper class for calling kruskal with "constant" output map.
145
146  /// Helper class for calling kruskal with output maps constructed
147  /// on-the-fly.
[810]148  ///
[885]149  /// A typical examle is the following call:
[1547]150  /// <tt>kruskal(g, some_input, makeSequenceOutput(iterator))</tt>.
[885]151  /// Here, the third argument is a temporary object (which wraps around an
152  /// iterator with a writable bool map interface), and thus by rules of C++
153  /// is a \c const object. To enable call like this exist this class and
154  /// the prototype of the \ref kruskal() function with <tt>const& OUT</tt>
155  /// third argument.
[824]156  template<class Map>
[810]157  class NonConstMapWr {
158    const Map &m;
159  public:
[1557]160    typedef typename Map::Key Key;
[987]161    typedef typename Map::Value Value;
[810]162
163    NonConstMapWr(const Map &_m) : m(_m) {}
164
[987]165    template<class Key>
166    void set(Key const& k, Value const &v) const { m.set(k,v); }
[810]167  };
168
[824]169  template <class GR, class IN, class OUT>
[810]170  inline
[885]171  typename IN::value_type::second_type
[1557]172  kruskal(GR const& g, IN const& edges, OUT const& out_map,
173//        typename IN::value_type::first_type = typename GR::Edge(),
174//        typename OUT::Key = GR::Edge()
175          const typename IN::value_type::first_type * =
176          (const typename IN::value_type::first_type *)(0),
177          const typename OUT::Key * = (const typename OUT::Key *)(0)
178          )
[810]179  {
[824]180    NonConstMapWr<OUT> map_wr(out_map);
[1547]181    return kruskal(g, edges, map_wr);
[810]182  } 
183
184  /* ** ** Input-objects ** ** */
185
[1274]186  /// Kruskal's input source.
[1557]187 
[1274]188  /// Kruskal's input source.
[810]189  ///
[1570]190  /// In most cases you possibly want to use the \ref kruskal() instead.
[810]191  ///
192  /// \sa makeKruskalMapInput()
193  ///
[824]194  ///\param GR The type of the graph the algorithm runs on.
[810]195  ///\param Map An edge map containing the cost of the edges.
196  ///\par
197  ///The cost type can be any type satisfying
198  ///the STL 'LessThan comparable'
199  ///concept if it also has an operator+() implemented. (It is necessary for
200  ///computing the total cost of the tree).
201  ///
[824]202  template<class GR, class Map>
[810]203  class KruskalMapInput
[824]204    : public std::vector< std::pair<typename GR::Edge,
[987]205                                    typename Map::Value> > {
[810]206   
207  public:
[824]208    typedef std::vector< std::pair<typename GR::Edge,
[987]209                                   typename Map::Value> > Parent;
[810]210    typedef typename Parent::value_type value_type;
211
212  private:
213    class comparePair {
214    public:
215      bool operator()(const value_type& a,
216                      const value_type& b) {
217        return a.second < b.second;
218      }
219    };
220
[1449]221    template<class _GR>
[1979]222    typename enable_if<UndirectedTagIndicator<_GR>,void>::type
[1547]223    fillWithEdges(const _GR& g, const Map& m,dummy<0> = 0)
[1449]224    {
[1909]225      for(typename GR::UEdgeIt e(g);e!=INVALID;++e)
[1679]226        push_back(value_type(g.direct(e, true), m[e]));
[1449]227    }
228
229    template<class _GR>
[1979]230    typename disable_if<UndirectedTagIndicator<_GR>,void>::type
[1547]231    fillWithEdges(const _GR& g, const Map& m,dummy<1> = 1)
[1449]232    {
[1547]233      for(typename GR::EdgeIt e(g);e!=INVALID;++e)
[1449]234        push_back(value_type(e, m[e]));
235    }
236   
237   
[810]238  public:
239
240    void sort() {
241      std::sort(this->begin(), this->end(), comparePair());
242    }
243
[1547]244    KruskalMapInput(GR const& g, Map const& m) {
245      fillWithEdges(g,m);
[810]246      sort();
247    }
248  };
249
250  /// Creates a KruskalMapInput object for \ref kruskal()
251
[1274]252  /// It makes easier to use
[810]253  /// \ref KruskalMapInput by making it unnecessary
254  /// to explicitly give the type of the parameters.
255  ///
256  /// In most cases you possibly
[1570]257  /// want to use \ref kruskal() instead.
[810]258  ///
[1547]259  ///\param g The type of the graph the algorithm runs on.
[810]260  ///\param m An edge map containing the cost of the edges.
261  ///\par
262  ///The cost type can be any type satisfying the
263  ///STL 'LessThan Comparable'
264  ///concept if it also has an operator+() implemented. (It is necessary for
265  ///computing the total cost of the tree).
266  ///
267  ///\return An appropriate input source for \ref kruskal().
268  ///
[824]269  template<class GR, class Map>
[810]270  inline
[1547]271  KruskalMapInput<GR,Map> makeKruskalMapInput(const GR &g,const Map &m)
[810]272  {
[1547]273    return KruskalMapInput<GR,Map>(g,m);
[810]274  }
275 
276 
[885]277
278  /* ** ** Output-objects: simple writable bool maps ** ** */
[810]279 
[885]280
281
[810]282  /// A writable bool-map that makes a sequence of "true" keys
283
284  /// A writable bool-map that creates a sequence out of keys that receives
285  /// the value "true".
[885]286  ///
287  /// \sa makeKruskalSequenceOutput()
288  ///
289  /// Very often, when looking for a min cost spanning tree, we want as
290  /// output a container containing the edges of the found tree. For this
291  /// purpose exist this class that wraps around an STL iterator with a
292  /// writable bool map interface. When a key gets value "true" this key
293  /// is added to sequence pointed by the iterator.
294  ///
295  /// A typical usage:
[1946]296  ///\code
[885]297  /// std::vector<Graph::Edge> v;
298  /// kruskal(g, input, makeKruskalSequenceOutput(back_inserter(v)));
[1946]299  ///\endcode
[885]300  ///
301  /// For the most common case, when the input is given by a simple edge
302  /// map and the output is a sequence of the tree edges, a special
303  /// wrapper function exists: \ref kruskalEdgeMap_IteratorOut().
304  ///
[987]305  /// \warning Not a regular property map, as it doesn't know its Key
[885]306
[824]307  template<class Iterator>
[885]308  class KruskalSequenceOutput {
[810]309    mutable Iterator it;
310
311  public:
[1942]312    typedef typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::value_type Key;
[987]313    typedef bool Value;
[810]314
[885]315    KruskalSequenceOutput(Iterator const &_it) : it(_it) {}
[810]316
[987]317    template<typename Key>
318    void set(Key const& k, bool v) const { if(v) {*it=k; ++it;} }
[810]319  };
320
[824]321  template<class Iterator>
[810]322  inline
[885]323  KruskalSequenceOutput<Iterator>
324  makeKruskalSequenceOutput(Iterator it) {
325    return KruskalSequenceOutput<Iterator>(it);
[810]326  }
327
[885]328
329
[810]330  /* ** ** Wrapper funtions ** ** */
331
[1557]332//   \brief Wrapper function to kruskal().
333//   Input is from an edge map, output is a plain bool map.
334// 
335//   Wrapper function to kruskal().
336//   Input is from an edge map, output is a plain bool map.
337// 
338//   \param g The type of the graph the algorithm runs on.
339//   \param in An edge map containing the cost of the edges.
340//   \par
341//   The cost type can be any type satisfying the
342//   STL 'LessThan Comparable'
343//   concept if it also has an operator+() implemented. (It is necessary for
344//   computing the total cost of the tree).
345// 
346//   \retval out This must be a writable \c bool edge map.
347//   After running the algorithm
348//   this will contain the found minimum cost spanning tree: the value of an
349//   edge will be set to \c true if it belongs to the tree, otherwise it will
350//   be set to \c false. The value of each edge will be set exactly once.
351// 
352//   \return The cost of the found tree.
[810]353
[824]354  template <class GR, class IN, class RET>
[810]355  inline
[987]356  typename IN::Value
[1557]357  kruskal(GR const& g,
358          IN const& in,
359          RET &out,
360          //      typename IN::Key = typename GR::Edge(),
361          //typename IN::Key = typename IN::Key (),
362          //      typename RET::Key = typename GR::Edge()
363          const typename IN::Key *  = (const typename IN::Key *)(0),
364          const typename RET::Key * = (const typename RET::Key *)(0)
365          )
366  {
[1547]367    return kruskal(g,
368                   KruskalMapInput<GR,IN>(g,in),
[810]369                   out);
370  }
371
[1557]372//   \brief Wrapper function to kruskal().
373//   Input is from an edge map, output is an STL Sequence.
374// 
375//   Wrapper function to kruskal().
376//   Input is from an edge map, output is an STL Sequence.
377// 
378//   \param g The type of the graph the algorithm runs on.
379//   \param in An edge map containing the cost of the edges.
380//   \par
381//   The cost type can be any type satisfying the
382//   STL 'LessThan Comparable'
383//   concept if it also has an operator+() implemented. (It is necessary for
384//   computing the total cost of the tree).
385// 
386//   \retval out This must be an iteraror of an STL Container with
387//   <tt>GR::Edge</tt> as its <tt>value_type</tt>.
388//   The algorithm copies the elements of the found tree into this sequence.
389//   For example, if we know that the spanning tree of the graph \c g has
[1603]390//   say 53 edges, then
[1557]391//   we can put its edges into a STL vector \c tree with a code like this.
[1946]392//\code
[1557]393//   std::vector<Edge> tree(53);
[1570]394//   kruskal(g,cost,tree.begin());
[1946]395//\endcode
[1557]396//   Or if we don't know in advance the size of the tree, we can write this.
[1946]397//\code
[1557]398//   std::vector<Edge> tree;
[1570]399//   kruskal(g,cost,std::back_inserter(tree));
[1946]400//\endcode
[1557]401// 
402//   \return The cost of the found tree.
403// 
404//   \bug its name does not follow the coding style.
[885]405
[824]406  template <class GR, class IN, class RET>
[810]407  inline
[987]408  typename IN::Value
[1557]409  kruskal(const GR& g,
410          const IN& in,
411          RET out,
412          const typename RET::value_type * =
413          (const typename RET::value_type *)(0)
414          )
[810]415  {
[885]416    KruskalSequenceOutput<RET> _out(out);
[1547]417    return kruskal(g, KruskalMapInput<GR,IN>(g, in), _out);
[810]418  }
[1557]419 
[1942]420  template <class GR, class IN, class RET>
421  inline
422  typename IN::Value
423  kruskal(const GR& g,
424          const IN& in,
425          RET *out
426          )
427  {
428    KruskalSequenceOutput<RET*> _out(out);
429    return kruskal(g, KruskalMapInput<GR,IN>(g, in), _out);
430  }
431 
[810]432  /// @}
433
[921]434} //namespace lemon
[810]435
[921]436#endif //LEMON_KRUSKAL_H
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