COIN-OR::LEMON - Graph Library

source: lemon-0.x/lemon/max_matching.h @ 1992:6e1b62d42d94

Last change on this file since 1992:6e1b62d42d94 was 1956:a055123339d5, checked in by Alpar Juttner, 18 years ago

Unified copyright notices

  • Property exe set to *
File size: 15.8 KB
Line 
1/* -*- C++ -*-
2 *
3 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2006
6 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
7 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
8 *
9 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
10 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
11 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
12 *
13 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
14 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
15 * purpose.
16 *
17 */
18
19#ifndef LEMON_MAX_MATCHING_H
20#define LEMON_MAX_MATCHING_H
21
22#include <queue>
23#include <lemon/invalid.h>
24#include <lemon/unionfind.h>
25#include <lemon/graph_utils.h>
26
27///\ingroup galgs
28///\file
29///\brief Maximum matching algorithm.
30
31namespace lemon {
32
33  /// \addtogroup galgs
34  /// @{
35
36  ///Edmonds' alternating forest maximum matching algorithm.
37
38  ///This class provides Edmonds' alternating forest matching
39  ///algorithm. The starting matching (if any) can be passed to the
40  ///algorithm using read-in functions \ref readNMapNode, \ref
41  ///readNMapEdge or \ref readEMapBool depending on the container. The
42  ///resulting maximum matching can be attained by write-out functions
43  ///\ref writeNMapNode, \ref writeNMapEdge or \ref writeEMapBool
44  ///depending on the preferred container.
45  ///
46  ///The dual side of a matching is a map of the nodes to
47  ///MaxMatching::pos_enum, having values D, A and C showing the
48  ///Gallai-Edmonds decomposition of the graph. The nodes in D induce
49  ///a graph with factor-critical components, the nodes in A form the
50  ///barrier, and the nodes in C induce a graph having a perfect
51  ///matching. This decomposition can be attained by calling \ref
52  ///writePos after running the algorithm.
53  ///
54  ///\param Graph The undirected graph type the algorithm runs on.
55  ///
56  ///\author Jacint Szabo 
57  template <typename Graph>
58  class MaxMatching {
59
60  protected:
61
62    typedef typename Graph::Node Node;
63    typedef typename Graph::Edge Edge;
64    typedef typename Graph::UEdge UEdge;
65    typedef typename Graph::UEdgeIt UEdgeIt;
66    typedef typename Graph::NodeIt NodeIt;
67    typedef typename Graph::IncEdgeIt IncEdgeIt;
68
69    typedef UnionFindEnum<Node, Graph::template NodeMap> UFE;
70
71  public:
72   
73    ///Indicates the Gallai-Edmonds decomposition of the graph.
74
75    ///Indicates the Gallai-Edmonds decomposition of the graph, which
76    ///shows an upper bound on the size of a maximum matching. The
77    ///nodes with pos_enum \c D induce a graph with factor-critical
78    ///components, the nodes in \c A form the canonical barrier, and the
79    ///nodes in \c C induce a graph having a perfect matching.
80    enum pos_enum {
81      D=0,
82      A=1,
83      C=2
84    };
85
86  protected:
87
88    static const int HEUR_density=2;
89    const Graph& g;
90    typename Graph::template NodeMap<Node> _mate;
91    typename Graph::template NodeMap<pos_enum> position;
92     
93  public:
94   
95    MaxMatching(const Graph& _g) : g(_g), _mate(_g,INVALID), position(_g) {}
96
97    ///Runs Edmonds' algorithm.
98
99    ///Runs Edmonds' algorithm for sparse graphs (number of edges <
100    ///2*number of nodes), and a heuristical Edmonds' algorithm with a
101    ///heuristic of postponing shrinks for dense graphs.
102    void run() {
103      if ( countUEdges(g) < HEUR_density*countNodes(g) ) {
104        greedyMatching();
105        runEdmonds(0);
106      } else runEdmonds(1);
107    }
108
109
110    ///Runs Edmonds' algorithm.
111   
112    ///If heur=0 it runs Edmonds' algorithm. If heur=1 it runs
113    ///Edmonds' algorithm with a heuristic of postponing shrinks,
114    ///giving a faster algorithm for dense graphs. 
115    void runEdmonds( int heur = 1 ) {
116     
117      for(NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v)
118        position.set(v,C);     
119     
120      typename Graph::template NodeMap<Node> ear(g,INVALID);
121      //undefined for the base nodes of the blossoms (i.e. for the
122      //representative elements of UFE blossom) and for the nodes in C
123     
124      typename UFE::MapType blossom_base(g);
125      UFE blossom(blossom_base);
126      typename UFE::MapType tree_base(g);
127      UFE tree(tree_base);
128      //If these UFE's would be members of the class then also
129      //blossom_base and tree_base should be a member.
130     
131      for(NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v) {
132        if ( position[v]==C && _mate[v]==INVALID ) {
133          blossom.insert(v);
134          tree.insert(v);
135          position.set(v,D);
136          if ( heur == 1 ) lateShrink( v, ear, blossom, tree );
137          else normShrink( v, ear, blossom, tree );
138        }
139      }
140    }
141
142
143    ///Finds a greedy matching starting from the actual matching.
144   
145    ///Starting form the actual matching stored, it finds a maximal
146    ///greedy matching.
147    void greedyMatching() {
148      for(NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v)
149        if ( _mate[v]==INVALID ) {
150          for( IncEdgeIt e(g,v); e!=INVALID ; ++e ) {
151            Node y=g.runningNode(e);
152            if ( _mate[y]==INVALID && y!=v ) {
153              _mate.set(v,y);
154              _mate.set(y,v);
155              break;
156            }
157          }
158        }
159    }
160
161    ///Returns the size of the actual matching stored.
162
163    ///Returns the size of the actual matching stored. After \ref
164    ///run() it returns the size of a maximum matching in the graph.
165    int size() const {
166      int s=0;
167      for(NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v) {
168        if ( _mate[v]!=INVALID ) {
169          ++s;
170        }
171      }
172      return s/2;
173    }
174
175
176    ///Resets the actual matching to the empty matching.
177
178    ///Resets the actual matching to the empty matching. 
179    ///
180    void resetMatching() {
181      for(NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v)
182        _mate.set(v,INVALID);     
183    }
184
185    ///Returns the mate of a node in the actual matching.
186
187    ///Returns the mate of a \c node in the actual matching.
188    ///Returns INVALID if the \c node is not covered by the actual matching.
189    Node mate(Node& node) const {
190      return _mate[node];
191    }
192
193    ///Reads a matching from a \c Node valued \c Node map.
194
195    ///Reads a matching from a \c Node valued \c Node map. This map
196    ///must be \e symmetric, i.e. if \c map[u]==v then \c map[v]==u
197    ///must hold, and \c uv will be an edge of the matching.
198    template<typename NMapN>
199    void readNMapNode(NMapN& map) {
200      for(NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v) {
201        _mate.set(v,map[v]);   
202      }
203    }
204   
205    ///Writes the stored matching to a \c Node valued \c Node map.
206
207    ///Writes the stored matching to a \c Node valued \c Node map. The
208    ///resulting map will be \e symmetric, i.e. if \c map[u]==v then \c
209    ///map[v]==u will hold, and now \c uv is an edge of the matching.
210    template<typename NMapN>
211    void writeNMapNode (NMapN& map) const {
212      for(NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v) {
213        map.set(v,_mate[v]);   
214      }
215    }
216
217    ///Reads a matching from an \c UEdge valued \c Node map.
218
219    ///Reads a matching from an \c UEdge valued \c Node map. \c
220    ///map[v] must be an \c UEdge incident to \c v. This map must
221    ///have the property that if \c g.oppositeNode(u,map[u])==v then
222    ///\c \c g.oppositeNode(v,map[v])==u holds, and now some edge
223    ///joining \c u to \c v will be an edge of the matching.
224    template<typename NMapE>
225    void readNMapEdge(NMapE& map) {
226     for(NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v) {
227       UEdge e=map[v];
228        if ( e!=INVALID )
229          _mate.set(v,g.oppositeNode(v,e));
230      }
231    }
232   
233    ///Writes the matching stored to an \c UEdge valued \c Node map.
234
235    ///Writes the stored matching to an \c UEdge valued \c Node
236    ///map. \c map[v] will be an \c UEdge incident to \c v. This
237    ///map will have the property that if \c g.oppositeNode(u,map[u])
238    ///== v then \c map[u]==map[v] holds, and now this edge is an edge
239    ///of the matching.
240    template<typename NMapE>
241    void writeNMapEdge (NMapE& map)  const {
242      typename Graph::template NodeMap<bool> todo(g,true);
243      for(NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v) {
244        if ( todo[v] && _mate[v]!=INVALID ) {
245          Node u=_mate[v];
246          for(IncEdgeIt e(g,v); e!=INVALID; ++e) {
247            if ( g.runningNode(e) == u ) {
248              map.set(u,e);
249              map.set(v,e);
250              todo.set(u,false);
251              todo.set(v,false);
252              break;
253            }
254          }
255        }
256      }
257    }
258
259
260    ///Reads a matching from a \c bool valued \c Edge map.
261   
262    ///Reads a matching from a \c bool valued \c Edge map. This map
263    ///must have the property that there are no two incident edges \c
264    ///e, \c f with \c map[e]==map[f]==true. The edges \c e with \c
265    ///map[e]==true form the matching.
266    template<typename EMapB>
267    void readEMapBool(EMapB& map) {
268      for(UEdgeIt e(g); e!=INVALID; ++e) {
269        if ( map[e] ) {
270          Node u=g.source(e);     
271          Node v=g.target(e);
272          _mate.set(u,v);
273          _mate.set(v,u);
274        }
275      }
276    }
277
278
279    ///Writes the matching stored to a \c bool valued \c Edge map.
280
281    ///Writes the matching stored to a \c bool valued \c Edge
282    ///map. This map will have the property that there are no two
283    ///incident edges \c e, \c f with \c map[e]==map[f]==true. The
284    ///edges \c e with \c map[e]==true form the matching.
285    template<typename EMapB>
286    void writeEMapBool (EMapB& map) const {
287      for(UEdgeIt e(g); e!=INVALID; ++e) map.set(e,false);
288
289      typename Graph::template NodeMap<bool> todo(g,true);
290      for(NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v) {
291        if ( todo[v] && _mate[v]!=INVALID ) {
292          Node u=_mate[v];
293          for(IncEdgeIt e(g,v); e!=INVALID; ++e) {
294            if ( g.runningNode(e) == u ) {
295              map.set(e,true);
296              todo.set(u,false);
297              todo.set(v,false);
298              break;
299            }
300          }
301        }
302      }
303    }
304
305
306    ///Writes the canonical decomposition of the graph after running
307    ///the algorithm.
308
309    ///After calling any run methods of the class, it writes the
310    ///Gallai-Edmonds canonical decomposition of the graph. \c map
311    ///must be a node map of \ref pos_enum 's.
312    template<typename NMapEnum>
313    void writePos (NMapEnum& map) const {
314      for(NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v)  map.set(v,position[v]);
315    }
316
317  private:
318
319 
320    void lateShrink(Node v, typename Graph::template NodeMap<Node>& ear, 
321                    UFE& blossom, UFE& tree);
322
323    void normShrink(Node v, typename Graph::template NodeMap<Node>& ear, 
324                    UFE& blossom, UFE& tree);
325
326    bool noShrinkStep(Node x, typename Graph::template NodeMap<Node>& ear, 
327                      UFE& blossom, UFE& tree, std::queue<Node>& Q);
328
329    void shrinkStep(Node& top, Node& middle, Node& bottom,
330                    typename Graph::template NodeMap<Node>& ear, 
331                    UFE& blossom, UFE& tree, std::queue<Node>& Q);
332
333    void augment(Node x, typename Graph::template NodeMap<Node>& ear, 
334                 UFE& blossom, UFE& tree);
335
336  };
337
338
339  // **********************************************************************
340  //  IMPLEMENTATIONS
341  // **********************************************************************
342
343
344  template <typename Graph>
345  void MaxMatching<Graph>::lateShrink(Node v, typename Graph::template NodeMap<Node>& ear, 
346                                      UFE& blossom, UFE& tree) {
347
348    std::queue<Node> Q;   //queue of the totally unscanned nodes
349    Q.push(v); 
350    std::queue<Node> R;   
351    //queue of the nodes which must be scanned for a possible shrink
352     
353    while ( !Q.empty() ) {
354      Node x=Q.front();
355      Q.pop();
356      if ( noShrinkStep( x, ear, blossom, tree, Q ) ) return;
357      else R.push(x);
358    }
359     
360    while ( !R.empty() ) {
361      Node x=R.front();
362      R.pop();
363       
364      for( IncEdgeIt e(g,x); e!=INVALID ; ++e ) {
365        Node y=g.runningNode(e);
366
367        if ( position[y] == D && blossom.find(x) != blossom.find(y) ) {
368          //x and y must be in the same tree
369       
370          typename Graph::template NodeMap<bool> path(g,false);
371
372          Node b=blossom.find(x);
373          path.set(b,true);
374          b=_mate[b];
375          while ( b!=INVALID ) {
376            b=blossom.find(ear[b]);
377            path.set(b,true);
378            b=_mate[b];
379          } //going till the root
380       
381          Node top=y;
382          Node middle=blossom.find(top);
383          Node bottom=x;
384          while ( !path[middle] )
385            shrinkStep(top, middle, bottom, ear, blossom, tree, Q);
386                 
387          Node base=middle;
388          top=x;
389          middle=blossom.find(top);
390          bottom=y;
391          Node blossom_base=blossom.find(base);
392          while ( middle!=blossom_base )
393            shrinkStep(top, middle, bottom, ear, blossom, tree, Q);
394                 
395          blossom.makeRep(base);
396        } // if shrink is needed
397
398        while ( !Q.empty() ) {
399          Node x=Q.front();
400          Q.pop();
401          if ( noShrinkStep(x, ear, blossom, tree, Q) ) return;
402          else R.push(x);
403        }
404      } //for e
405    } // while ( !R.empty() )
406  }
407
408
409  template <typename Graph>
410  void MaxMatching<Graph>::normShrink(Node v,
411                                      typename Graph::template
412                                      NodeMap<Node>& ear, 
413                                      UFE& blossom, UFE& tree) {
414    std::queue<Node> Q;   //queue of the unscanned nodes
415    Q.push(v); 
416    while ( !Q.empty() ) {
417
418      Node x=Q.front();
419      Q.pop();
420       
421      for( IncEdgeIt e(g,x); e!=INVALID; ++e ) {
422        Node y=g.runningNode(e);
423             
424        switch ( position[y] ) {
425        case D:          //x and y must be in the same tree
426
427          if ( blossom.find(x) != blossom.find(y) ) { //shrink
428            typename Graph::template NodeMap<bool> path(g,false);
429             
430            Node b=blossom.find(x);
431            path.set(b,true);
432            b=_mate[b];
433            while ( b!=INVALID ) {
434              b=blossom.find(ear[b]);
435              path.set(b,true);
436              b=_mate[b];
437            } //going till the root
438       
439            Node top=y;
440            Node middle=blossom.find(top);
441            Node bottom=x;
442            while ( !path[middle] )
443              shrinkStep(top, middle, bottom, ear, blossom, tree, Q);
444               
445            Node base=middle;
446            top=x;
447            middle=blossom.find(top);
448            bottom=y;
449            Node blossom_base=blossom.find(base);
450            while ( middle!=blossom_base )
451              shrinkStep(top, middle, bottom, ear, blossom, tree, Q);
452               
453            blossom.makeRep(base);
454          }
455          break;
456        case C:
457          if ( _mate[y]!=INVALID ) {   //grow
458
459            ear.set(y,x);
460            Node w=_mate[y];
461            blossom.insert(w);
462            position.set(y,A);
463            position.set(w,D);
464            tree.insert(y);
465            tree.insert(w);
466            tree.join(y,blossom.find(x)); 
467            tree.join(w,y); 
468            Q.push(w);
469          } else {                 //augment 
470            augment(x, ear, blossom, tree);
471            _mate.set(x,y);
472            _mate.set(y,x);
473            return;
474          } //if
475          break;
476        default: break;
477        }
478      }
479    }
480  }
481
482  template <typename Graph>
483  bool MaxMatching<Graph>::noShrinkStep(Node x,
484                                        typename Graph::template
485                                        NodeMap<Node>& ear, 
486                                        UFE& blossom, UFE& tree,
487                                        std::queue<Node>& Q) {
488    for( IncEdgeIt e(g,x); e!= INVALID; ++e ) {
489      Node y=g.runningNode(e);
490       
491      if ( position[y]==C ) {
492        if ( _mate[y]!=INVALID ) {       //grow
493          ear.set(y,x);
494          Node w=_mate[y];
495          blossom.insert(w);
496          position.set(y,A);
497          position.set(w,D);
498          tree.insert(y);
499          tree.insert(w);
500          tree.join(y,blossom.find(x)); 
501          tree.join(w,y); 
502          Q.push(w);
503        } else {                      //augment
504          augment(x, ear, blossom, tree);
505          _mate.set(x,y);
506          _mate.set(y,x);
507          return true;
508        }
509      }
510    }
511    return false;
512  }
513
514  template <typename Graph>
515  void MaxMatching<Graph>::shrinkStep(Node& top, Node& middle, Node& bottom,
516                                      typename Graph::template
517                                      NodeMap<Node>& ear, 
518                                      UFE& blossom, UFE& tree,
519                                      std::queue<Node>& Q) {
520    ear.set(top,bottom);
521    Node t=top;
522    while ( t!=middle ) {
523      Node u=_mate[t];
524      t=ear[u];
525      ear.set(t,u);
526    }
527    bottom=_mate[middle];
528    position.set(bottom,D);
529    Q.push(bottom);
530    top=ear[bottom];           
531    Node oldmiddle=middle;
532    middle=blossom.find(top);
533    tree.erase(bottom);
534    tree.erase(oldmiddle);
535    blossom.insert(bottom);
536    blossom.join(bottom, oldmiddle);
537    blossom.join(top, oldmiddle);
538  }
539
540  template <typename Graph>
541  void MaxMatching<Graph>::augment(Node x,
542                                   typename Graph::template NodeMap<Node>& ear, 
543                                   UFE& blossom, UFE& tree) {
544    Node v=_mate[x];
545    while ( v!=INVALID ) {
546       
547      Node u=ear[v];
548      _mate.set(v,u);
549      Node tmp=v;
550      v=_mate[u];
551      _mate.set(u,tmp);
552    }
553    typename UFE::ItemIt it;
554    for (tree.first(it,blossom.find(x)); tree.valid(it); tree.next(it)) {   
555      if ( position[it] == D ) {
556        typename UFE::ItemIt b_it;
557        for (blossom.first(b_it,it); blossom.valid(b_it); blossom.next(b_it)) { 
558          position.set( b_it ,C);
559        }
560        blossom.eraseClass(it);
561      } else position.set( it ,C);
562    }
563    tree.eraseClass(x);
564
565  }
566
567  /// @}
568 
569} //END OF NAMESPACE LEMON
570
571#endif //LEMON_MAX_MATCHING_H
Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.