/* -*- C++ -*-
 * lemon/smart_graph.h - Part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
 *
 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
 *
 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
 * purpose.
 *
 */

#ifndef LEMON_SMART_GRAPH_H
#define LEMON_SMART_GRAPH_H

///\ingroup graphs
///\file
///\brief SmartGraph and SmartUGraph classes.

#include <vector>

#include <lemon/invalid.h>

#include <lemon/bits/clearable_graph_extender.h>
#include <lemon/bits/extendable_graph_extender.h>
#include <lemon/bits/iterable_graph_extender.h>
#include <lemon/bits/alteration_notifier.h>
#include <lemon/bits/default_map.h>
#include <lemon/bits/graph_extender.h>

#include <lemon/utility.h>
#include <lemon/error.h>

namespace lemon {

  class SmartGraph;
  ///Base of SmartGraph

  ///Base of SmartGraph
  ///
  class SmartGraphBase {

    friend class SmatGraph;

  protected:
    struct NodeT 
    {
      int first_in,first_out;      
      NodeT() : first_in(-1), first_out(-1) {}
    };
    struct EdgeT 
    {
      int target, source, next_in, next_out;      
      //FIXME: is this necessary?
      EdgeT() : next_in(-1), next_out(-1) {}  
    };

    std::vector<NodeT> nodes;

    std::vector<EdgeT> edges;
    
    
  public:

    typedef SmartGraphBase Graph;

    class Node;
    class Edge;

    
  public:

    SmartGraphBase() : nodes(), edges() { }
    SmartGraphBase(const SmartGraphBase &_g) 
      : nodes(_g.nodes), edges(_g.edges) { }
    
    typedef True NodeNumTag;
    typedef True EdgeNumTag;

    ///Number of nodes.
    int nodeNum() const { return nodes.size(); }
    ///Number of edges.
    int edgeNum() const { return edges.size(); }

    /// Maximum node ID.
    
    /// Maximum node ID.
    ///\sa id(Node)
    int maxNodeId() const { return nodes.size()-1; }
    /// Maximum edge ID.
    
    /// Maximum edge ID.
    ///\sa id(Edge)
    int maxEdgeId() const { return edges.size()-1; }

    Node source(Edge e) const { return edges[e.n].source; }
    Node target(Edge e) const { return edges[e.n].target; }

    /// Node ID.
    
    /// The ID of a valid Node is a nonnegative integer not greater than
    /// \ref maxNodeId(). The range of the ID's is not surely continuous
    /// and the greatest node ID can be actually less then \ref maxNodeId().
    ///
    /// The ID of the \ref INVALID node is -1.
    ///\return The ID of the node \c v. 
    static int id(Node v) { return v.n; }
    /// Edge ID.
    
    /// The ID of a valid Edge is a nonnegative integer not greater than
    /// \ref maxEdgeId(). The range of the ID's is not surely continuous
    /// and the greatest edge ID can be actually less then \ref maxEdgeId().
    ///
    /// The ID of the \ref INVALID edge is -1.
    ///\return The ID of the edge \c e. 
    static int id(Edge e) { return e.n; }

    static Node nodeFromId(int id) { return Node(id);}

    static Edge edgeFromId(int id) { return Edge(id);}

    Node addNode() {
      Node n; n.n=nodes.size();
      nodes.push_back(NodeT()); //FIXME: Hmmm...
      return n;
    }
    
    Edge addEdge(Node u, Node v) {
      Edge e; e.n=edges.size(); edges.push_back(EdgeT()); //FIXME: Hmmm...
      edges[e.n].source=u.n; edges[e.n].target=v.n;
      edges[e.n].next_out=nodes[u.n].first_out;
      edges[e.n].next_in=nodes[v.n].first_in;
      nodes[u.n].first_out=nodes[v.n].first_in=e.n;

      return e;
    }

    void clear() {
      edges.clear();
      nodes.clear();
    }


    class Node {
      friend class SmartGraphBase;
      friend class SmartGraph;

    protected:
      int n;
      Node(int nn) {n=nn;}
    public:
      Node() {}
      Node (Invalid) { n=-1; }
      bool operator==(const Node i) const {return n==i.n;}
      bool operator!=(const Node i) const {return n!=i.n;}
      bool operator<(const Node i) const {return n<i.n;}
    };
    

    class Edge {
      friend class SmartGraphBase;
      friend class SmartGraph;

    protected:
      int n;
      Edge(int nn) {n=nn;}
    public:
      Edge() { }
      Edge (Invalid) { n=-1; }
      bool operator==(const Edge i) const {return n==i.n;}
      bool operator!=(const Edge i) const {return n!=i.n;}
      bool operator<(const Edge i) const {return n<i.n;}
    };

    void first(Node& node) const {
      node.n = nodes.size() - 1;
    }

    static void next(Node& node) {
      --node.n;
    }

    void first(Edge& edge) const {
      edge.n = edges.size() - 1;
    }

    static void next(Edge& edge) {
      --edge.n;
    }

    void firstOut(Edge& edge, const Node& node) const {
      edge.n = nodes[node.n].first_out;
    }

    void nextOut(Edge& edge) const {
      edge.n = edges[edge.n].next_out;
    }

    void firstIn(Edge& edge, const Node& node) const {
      edge.n = nodes[node.n].first_in;
    }
    
    void nextIn(Edge& edge) const {
      edge.n = edges[edge.n].next_in;
    }

    Node _split(Node n, bool connect = true)
    {
      Node b = addNode();
      nodes[b.n].first_out=nodes[n.n].first_out;
      nodes[n.n].first_out=-1;
      for(int i=nodes[b.n].first_out;i!=-1;i++) edges[i].source=b.n;
      if(connect) addEdge(n,b);
      return b;
    }

  };

  typedef ClearableGraphExtender<
    ExtendableGraphExtender<
    MappableGraphExtender<
    IterableGraphExtender<
    AlterableGraphExtender<
    GraphExtender<SmartGraphBase> > > > > > ExtendedSmartGraphBase;

  /// \ingroup graphs

  ///A smart graph class.

  ///This is a simple and fast graph implementation.
  ///It is also quite memory efficient, but at the price
  ///that <b> it does support only limited (only stack-like)
  ///node and edge deletions</b>.
  ///It conforms to 
  ///the \ref concept::ExtendableGraph "ExtendableGraph" concept.
  ///\sa concept::ExtendableGraph.
  ///
  ///\author Alpar Juttner
  class SmartGraph : public ExtendedSmartGraphBase {
  public:
    
    class Snapshot;
    friend class Snapshot;

  protected:
    void restoreSnapshot(const Snapshot &s)
    {
      while(s.edge_num<edges.size()) {
	Parent::getNotifier(Edge()).erase(Edge(edges.size()-1));
	nodes[edges.back().target].first_in=edges.back().next_in;
	nodes[edges.back().source].first_out=edges.back().next_out;
	edges.pop_back();
      }
      //nodes.resize(s.nodes_num);
      while(s.node_num<nodes.size()) {
	Parent::getNotifier(Node()).erase(Node(nodes.size()-1));
	nodes.pop_back();
      }
    }    

  public:

    ///Split a node.
    
    ///This function splits a node. First a new node is added to the graph,
    ///then the source of each outgoing edge of \c n is moved to this new node.
    ///If \c connect is \c true (this is the default value), then a new edge
    ///from \c n to the newly created node is also added.
    ///\return The newly created node.
    ///
    ///\note The <tt>Edge</tt>s
    ///referencing a moved edge remain
    ///valid. However <tt>InEdge</tt>'s and <tt>OutEdge</tt>'s
    ///may be invalidated.
    ///\warning This functionality cannot be used together with the Snapshot
    ///feature.
    ///\todo It could be implemented in a bit faster way.
    Node split(Node n, bool connect = true) 
    {
      Node b = _split(n,connect);
      return b;
    }
  

    ///Class to make a snapshot of the graph and to restrore to it later.

    ///Class to make a snapshot of the graph and to restrore to it later.
    ///
    ///The newly added nodes and edges can be removed using the
    ///restore() function.
    ///\note After you restore a state, you cannot restore
    ///a later state, in other word you cannot add again the edges deleted
    ///by restore() using another Snapshot instance.
    ///
    class Snapshot 
    {
      SmartGraph *g;
    protected:
      friend class SmartGraph;
      unsigned int node_num;
      unsigned int edge_num;
    public:
      ///Default constructor.
      
      ///Default constructor.
      ///To actually make a snapshot you must call save().
      ///
      Snapshot() : g(0) {}
      ///Constructor that immediately makes a snapshot
      
      ///This constructor immediately makes a snapshot of the graph.
      ///\param _g The graph we make a snapshot of.
      Snapshot(SmartGraph &_g) :g(&_g) {
	node_num=g->nodes.size();
	edge_num=g->edges.size();
      }

      ///Make a snapshot.

      ///Make a snapshot of the graph.
      ///
      ///This function can be called more than once. In case of a repeated
      ///call, the previous snapshot gets lost.
      ///\param _g The graph we make the snapshot of.
      void save(SmartGraph &_g) 
      {
	g=&_g;
	node_num=g->nodes.size();
	edge_num=g->edges.size();
      }

      ///Undo the changes until a snapshot.
      
      ///Undo the changes until a snapshot created by save().
      ///
      ///\note After you restored a state, you cannot restore
      ///a later state, in other word you cannot add again the edges deleted
      ///by restore().
      ///
      ///\todo This function might be called undo().
      
      void restore()
      {
	g->restoreSnapshot(*this);
      }
    };
  };


  /**************** Undirected List Graph ****************/

  typedef ClearableUGraphExtender<
    ExtendableUGraphExtender<
    MappableUGraphExtender<
    IterableUGraphExtender<
    AlterableUGraphExtender<
    UGraphExtender<SmartGraphBase> > > > > > ExtendedSmartUGraphBase;

  /// \ingroup graphs
  ///
  /// \brief A smart undirected graph class.
  ///
  /// This is a simple and fast undirected graph implementation.
  /// It is also quite memory efficient, but at the price
  /// that <b> it does support only limited (only stack-like)
  /// node and edge deletions</b>.
  /// Except from this it conforms to 
  /// the \ref concept::UGraph "UGraph" concept.
  /// \sa concept::UGraph.
  ///
  /// \todo Snapshot hasn't been implemented yet.
  ///
  class SmartUGraph : public ExtendedSmartUGraphBase {
  };


  class SmartBpUGraphBase {
  public:

    class NodeSetError : public LogicError {
      virtual const char* exceptionName() const { 
	return "lemon::SmartBpUGraph::NodeSetError";
      }
    };

  protected:

    struct NodeT {
      int first;
      NodeT() {}
      NodeT(int _first) : first(_first) {}
    };

    struct EdgeT {
      int aNode, next_out;
      int bNode, next_in;
    };

    std::vector<NodeT> aNodes;
    std::vector<NodeT> bNodes;

    std::vector<EdgeT> edges;

  public:
  
    class Node {
      friend class SmartBpUGraphBase;
    protected:
      int id;

      Node(int _id) : id(_id) {}
    public:
      Node() {}
      Node(Invalid) { id = -1; }
      bool operator==(const Node i) const {return id==i.id;}
      bool operator!=(const Node i) const {return id!=i.id;}
      bool operator<(const Node i) const {return id<i.id;}
    };

    class Edge {
      friend class SmartBpUGraphBase;
    protected:
      int id;

      Edge(int _id) { id = _id;}
    public:
      Edge() {}
      Edge (Invalid) { id = -1; }
      bool operator==(const Edge i) const {return id==i.id;}
      bool operator!=(const Edge i) const {return id!=i.id;}
      bool operator<(const Edge i) const {return id<i.id;}
    };

    void firstANode(Node& node) const {
      node.id = 2 * aNodes.size() - 2;
      if (node.id < 0) node.id = -1; 
    }
    void nextANode(Node& node) const {
      node.id -= 2;
      if (node.id < 0) node.id = -1; 
    }

    void firstBNode(Node& node) const {
      node.id = 2 * bNodes.size() - 1;
    }
    void nextBNode(Node& node) const {
      node.id -= 2;
    }

    void first(Node& node) const {
      if (aNodes.size() > 0) {
	node.id = 2 * aNodes.size() - 2;
      } else {
	node.id = 2 * bNodes.size() - 1;
      }
    }
    void next(Node& node) const {
      node.id -= 2;
      if (node.id == -2) {
	node.id = 2 * bNodes.size() - 1;
      }
    }
  
    void first(Edge& edge) const {
      edge.id = edges.size() - 1;
    }
    void next(Edge& edge) const {
      --edge.id;
    }

    void firstOut(Edge& edge, const Node& node) const {
      LEMON_ASSERT((node.id & 1) == 0, NodeSetError());
      edge.id = aNodes[node.id >> 1].first;
    }
    void nextOut(Edge& edge) const {
      edge.id = edges[edge.id].next_out;
    }

    void firstIn(Edge& edge, const Node& node) const {
      LEMON_ASSERT((node.id & 1) == 1, NodeSetError());
      edge.id = bNodes[node.id >> 1].first;
    }
    void nextIn(Edge& edge) const {
      edge.id = edges[edge.id].next_in;
    }

    static int id(const Node& node) {
      return node.id;
    }
    static Node nodeFromId(int id) {
      return Node(id);
    }
    int maxNodeId() const {
      return aNodes.size() > bNodes.size() ?
	aNodes.size() * 2 - 2 : bNodes.size() * 2 - 1;
    }
  
    static int id(const Edge& edge) {
      return edge.id;
    }
    static Edge edgeFromId(int id) {
      return Edge(id);
    }
    int maxEdgeId() const {
      return edges.size();
    }
  
    static int aNodeId(const Node& node) {
      return node.id >> 1;
    }
    static Node fromANodeId(int id, Node) {
      return Node(id << 1);
    }
    int maxANodeId() const {
      return aNodes.size();
    }

    static int bNodeId(const Node& node) {
      return node.id >> 1;
    }
    static Node fromBNodeId(int id) {
      return Node((id << 1) + 1);
    }
    int maxBNodeId() const {
      return bNodes.size();
    }

    Node aNode(const Edge& edge) const {
      return Node(edges[edge.id].aNode);
    }
    Node bNode(const Edge& edge) const {
      return Node(edges[edge.id].bNode);
    }

    static bool aNode(const Node& node) {
      return (node.id & 1) == 0;
    }

    static bool bNode(const Node& node) {
      return (node.id & 1) == 1;
    }

    Node addANode() {
      NodeT nodeT;
      nodeT.first = -1;
      aNodes.push_back(nodeT);
      return Node(aNodes.size() * 2 - 2);
    }

    Node addBNode() {
      NodeT nodeT;
      nodeT.first = -1;
      bNodes.push_back(nodeT);
      return Node(bNodes.size() * 2 - 1);
    }

    Edge addEdge(const Node& source, const Node& target) {
      LEMON_ASSERT(((source.id ^ target.id) & 1) == 1, NodeSetError());
      EdgeT edgeT;
      if ((source.id & 1) == 0) {
	edgeT.aNode = source.id;
	edgeT.bNode = target.id;
      } else {
	edgeT.aNode = target.id;
	edgeT.bNode = source.id;
      }
      edgeT.next_out = aNodes[edgeT.aNode >> 1].first;
      aNodes[edgeT.aNode >> 1].first = edges.size();
      edgeT.next_in = bNodes[edgeT.bNode >> 1].first;
      bNodes[edgeT.bNode >> 1].first = edges.size();
      edges.push_back(edgeT);
      return Edge(edges.size() - 1);
    }

    void clear() {
      aNodes.clear();
      bNodes.clear();
      edges.clear();
    }

  };


  typedef ClearableBpUGraphExtender<
    ExtendableBpUGraphExtender<
    MappableBpUGraphExtender<
    IterableBpUGraphExtender<
    AlterableBpUGraphExtender<
    BpUGraphExtender <
    SmartBpUGraphBase> > > > > >
  ExtendedSmartBpUGraphBase;

  /// \ingroup graphs
  ///
  /// \brief A smart bipartite undirected graph class.
  ///
  /// This is a simple and fast bipartite undirected graph implementation.
  /// It is also quite memory efficient, but at the price
  /// that <b> it does not support node and edge deletions</b>.
  /// Except from this it conforms to 
  /// the \ref concept::BpUGraph "BpUGraph" concept.
  /// \sa concept::BpUGraph.
  ///
  class SmartBpUGraph : public ExtendedSmartBpUGraphBase {};

  
  /// @}  
} //namespace lemon


#endif //LEMON_SMART_GRAPH_H