source: lemon-main/lemon/dijkstra.h @ 872:41d7ac528c3a

/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-
 *
 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2003-2009
 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
 *
 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
 *
 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
 * purpose.
 *
 */

#ifndef LEMON_DIJKSTRA_H
#define LEMON_DIJKSTRA_H

///\ingroup shortest_path
///\file
///\brief Dijkstra algorithm.

#include <limits>
#include <lemon/list_graph.h>
#include <lemon/bin_heap.h>
#include <lemon/bits/path_dump.h>
#include <lemon/core.h>
#include <lemon/error.h>
#include <lemon/maps.h>
#include <lemon/path.h>

namespace lemon {

  /// \brief Default operation traits for the Dijkstra algorithm class.
  ///
  /// This operation traits class defines all computational operations and
  /// constants which are used in the Dijkstra algorithm.
  template <typename V>
  struct DijkstraDefaultOperationTraits {
    /// \e
    typedef V Value;
    /// \brief Gives back the zero value of the type.
    static Value zero() {
      return static_cast<Value>(0);
    }
    /// \brief Gives back the sum of the given two elements.
    static Value plus(const Value& left, const Value& right) {
      return left + right;
    }
    /// \brief Gives back true only if the first value is less than the second.
    static bool less(const Value& left, const Value& right) {
      return left < right;
    }
  };

  ///Default traits class of Dijkstra class.

  ///Default traits class of Dijkstra class.
  ///\tparam GR The type of the digraph.
  ///\tparam LEN The type of the length map.
  template<typename GR, typename LEN>
  struct DijkstraDefaultTraits
  {
    ///The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.
    typedef GR Digraph;

    ///The type of the map that stores the arc lengths.

    ///The type of the map that stores the arc lengths.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::ReadMap "ReadMap" concept.
    typedef LEN LengthMap;
    ///The type of the length of the arcs.
    typedef typename LEN::Value Value;

    /// Operation traits for %Dijkstra algorithm.

    /// This class defines the operations that are used in the algorithm.
    /// \see DijkstraDefaultOperationTraits
    typedef DijkstraDefaultOperationTraits<Value> OperationTraits;

    /// The cross reference type used by the heap.

    /// The cross reference type used by the heap.
    /// Usually it is \c Digraph::NodeMap<int>.
    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<int> HeapCrossRef;
    ///Instantiates a \c HeapCrossRef.

    ///This function instantiates a \ref HeapCrossRef.
    /// \param g is the digraph, to which we would like to define the
    /// \ref HeapCrossRef.
    static HeapCrossRef *createHeapCrossRef(const Digraph &g)
    {
      return new HeapCrossRef(g);
    }

    ///The heap type used by the %Dijkstra algorithm.

    ///The heap type used by the Dijkstra algorithm.
    ///
    ///\sa BinHeap
    ///\sa Dijkstra
    typedef BinHeap<typename LEN::Value, HeapCrossRef, std::less<Value> > Heap;
    ///Instantiates a \c Heap.

    ///This function instantiates a \ref Heap.
    static Heap *createHeap(HeapCrossRef& r)
    {
      return new Heap(r);
    }

    ///\brief The type of the map that stores the predecessor
    ///arcs of the shortest paths.
    ///
    ///The type of the map that stores the predecessor
    ///arcs of the shortest paths.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.
    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<typename Digraph::Arc> PredMap;
    ///Instantiates a \c PredMap.

    ///This function instantiates a \ref PredMap.
    ///\param g is the digraph, to which we would like to define the
    ///\ref PredMap.
    static PredMap *createPredMap(const Digraph &g)
    {
      return new PredMap(g);
    }

    ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.

    ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.
    ///By default it is a NullMap.
    typedef NullMap<typename Digraph::Node,bool> ProcessedMap;
    ///Instantiates a \c ProcessedMap.

    ///This function instantiates a \ref ProcessedMap.
    ///\param g is the digraph, to which
    ///we would like to define the \ref ProcessedMap.
#ifdef DOXYGEN
    static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &g)
#else
    static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &)
#endif
    {
      return new ProcessedMap();
    }

    ///The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.

    ///The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.
    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<typename LEN::Value> DistMap;
    ///Instantiates a \c DistMap.

    ///This function instantiates a \ref DistMap.
    ///\param g is the digraph, to which we would like to define
    ///the \ref DistMap.
    static DistMap *createDistMap(const Digraph &g)
    {
      return new DistMap(g);
    }
  };

  ///%Dijkstra algorithm class.

  /// \ingroup shortest_path
  ///This class provides an efficient implementation of the %Dijkstra algorithm.
  ///
  ///The arc lengths are passed to the algorithm using a
  ///\ref concepts::ReadMap "ReadMap",
  ///so it is easy to change it to any kind of length.
  ///The type of the length is determined by the
  ///\ref concepts::ReadMap::Value "Value" of the length map.
  ///It is also possible to change the underlying priority heap.
  ///
  ///There is also a \ref dijkstra() "function-type interface" for the
  ///%Dijkstra algorithm, which is convenient in the simplier cases and
  ///it can be used easier.
  ///
  ///\tparam GR The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.
  ///The default type is \ref ListDigraph.
  ///\tparam LEN A \ref concepts::ReadMap "readable" arc map that specifies
  ///the lengths of the arcs.
  ///It is read once for each arc, so the map may involve in
  ///relatively time consuming process to compute the arc lengths if
  ///it is necessary. The default map type is \ref
  ///concepts::Digraph::ArcMap "GR::ArcMap<int>".
#ifdef DOXYGEN
  template <typename GR, typename LEN, typename TR>
#else
  template <typename GR=ListDigraph,
            typename LEN=typename GR::template ArcMap<int>,
            typename TR=DijkstraDefaultTraits<GR,LEN> >
#endif
  class Dijkstra {
  public:

    ///The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.
    typedef typename TR::Digraph Digraph;

    ///The type of the length of the arcs.
    typedef typename TR::LengthMap::Value Value;
    ///The type of the map that stores the arc lengths.
    typedef typename TR::LengthMap LengthMap;
    ///\brief The type of the map that stores the predecessor arcs of the
    ///shortest paths.
    typedef typename TR::PredMap PredMap;
    ///The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.
    typedef typename TR::DistMap DistMap;
    ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.
    typedef typename TR::ProcessedMap ProcessedMap;
    ///The type of the paths.
    typedef PredMapPath<Digraph, PredMap> Path;
    ///The cross reference type used for the current heap.
    typedef typename TR::HeapCrossRef HeapCrossRef;
    ///The heap type used by the algorithm.
    typedef typename TR::Heap Heap;
    ///\brief The \ref DijkstraDefaultOperationTraits "operation traits class"
    ///of the algorithm.
    typedef typename TR::OperationTraits OperationTraits;

    ///The \ref DijkstraDefaultTraits "traits class" of the algorithm.
    typedef TR Traits;

  private:

    typedef typename Digraph::Node Node;
    typedef typename Digraph::NodeIt NodeIt;
    typedef typename Digraph::Arc Arc;
    typedef typename Digraph::OutArcIt OutArcIt;

    //Pointer to the underlying digraph.
    const Digraph *G;
    //Pointer to the length map.
    const LengthMap *_length;
    //Pointer to the map of predecessors arcs.
    PredMap *_pred;
    //Indicates if _pred is locally allocated (true) or not.
    bool local_pred;
    //Pointer to the map of distances.
    DistMap *_dist;
    //Indicates if _dist is locally allocated (true) or not.
    bool local_dist;
    //Pointer to the map of processed status of the nodes.
    ProcessedMap *_processed;
    //Indicates if _processed is locally allocated (true) or not.
    bool local_processed;
    //Pointer to the heap cross references.
    HeapCrossRef *_heap_cross_ref;
    //Indicates if _heap_cross_ref is locally allocated (true) or not.
    bool local_heap_cross_ref;
    //Pointer to the heap.
    Heap *_heap;
    //Indicates if _heap is locally allocated (true) or not.
    bool local_heap;

    //Creates the maps if necessary.
    void create_maps()
    {
      if(!_pred) {
        local_pred = true;
        _pred = Traits::createPredMap(*G);
      }
      if(!_dist) {
        local_dist = true;
        _dist = Traits::createDistMap(*G);
      }
      if(!_processed) {
        local_processed = true;
        _processed = Traits::createProcessedMap(*G);
      }
      if (!_heap_cross_ref) {
        local_heap_cross_ref = true;
        _heap_cross_ref = Traits::createHeapCrossRef(*G);
      }
      if (!_heap) {
        local_heap = true;
        _heap = Traits::createHeap(*_heap_cross_ref);
      }
    }

  public:

    typedef Dijkstra Create;

    ///\name Named Template Parameters

    ///@{

    template <class T>
    struct SetPredMapTraits : public Traits {
      typedef T PredMap;
      static PredMap *createPredMap(const Digraph &)
      {
        LEMON_ASSERT(false, "PredMap is not initialized");
        return 0; // ignore warnings
      }
    };
    ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///\c PredMap type.
    ///
    ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///\c PredMap type.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.
    template <class T>
    struct SetPredMap
      : public Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetPredMapTraits<T> > {
      typedef Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetPredMapTraits<T> > Create;
    };

    template <class T>
    struct SetDistMapTraits : public Traits {
      typedef T DistMap;
      static DistMap *createDistMap(const Digraph &)
      {
        LEMON_ASSERT(false, "DistMap is not initialized");
        return 0; // ignore warnings
      }
    };
    ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///\c DistMap type.
    ///
    ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///\c DistMap type.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.
    template <class T>
    struct SetDistMap
      : public Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetDistMapTraits<T> > {
      typedef Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetDistMapTraits<T> > Create;
    };

    template <class T>
    struct SetProcessedMapTraits : public Traits {
      typedef T ProcessedMap;
      static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &)
      {
        LEMON_ASSERT(false, "ProcessedMap is not initialized");
        return 0; // ignore warnings
      }
    };
    ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///\c ProcessedMap type.
    ///
    ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///\c ProcessedMap type.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.
    template <class T>
    struct SetProcessedMap
      : public Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetProcessedMapTraits<T> > {
      typedef Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetProcessedMapTraits<T> > Create;
    };

    struct SetStandardProcessedMapTraits : public Traits {
      typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<bool> ProcessedMap;
      static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &g)
      {
        return new ProcessedMap(g);
      }
    };
    ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///\c ProcessedMap type to be <tt>Digraph::NodeMap<bool></tt>.
    ///
    ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///\c ProcessedMap type to be <tt>Digraph::NodeMap<bool></tt>.
    ///If you don't set it explicitly, it will be automatically allocated.
    struct SetStandardProcessedMap
      : public Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetStandardProcessedMapTraits > {
      typedef Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetStandardProcessedMapTraits >
      Create;
    };

    template <class H, class CR>
    struct SetHeapTraits : public Traits {
      typedef CR HeapCrossRef;
      typedef H Heap;
      static HeapCrossRef *createHeapCrossRef(const Digraph &) {
        LEMON_ASSERT(false, "HeapCrossRef is not initialized");
        return 0; // ignore warnings
      }
      static Heap *createHeap(HeapCrossRef &)
      {
        LEMON_ASSERT(false, "Heap is not initialized");
        return 0; // ignore warnings
      }
    };
    ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///heap and cross reference types
    ///
    ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting heap and cross
    ///reference types. If this named parameter is used, then external
    ///heap and cross reference objects must be passed to the algorithm
    ///using the \ref heap() function before calling \ref run(Node) "run()"
    ///or \ref init().
    ///\sa SetStandardHeap
    template <class H, class CR = typename Digraph::template NodeMap<int> >
    struct SetHeap
      : public Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetHeapTraits<H, CR> > {
      typedef Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetHeapTraits<H, CR> > Create;
    };

    template <class H, class CR>
    struct SetStandardHeapTraits : public Traits {
      typedef CR HeapCrossRef;
      typedef H Heap;
      static HeapCrossRef *createHeapCrossRef(const Digraph &G) {
        return new HeapCrossRef(G);
      }
      static Heap *createHeap(HeapCrossRef &R)
      {
        return new Heap(R);
      }
    };
    ///\brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///heap and cross reference types with automatic allocation
    ///
    ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting heap and cross
    ///reference types with automatic allocation.
    ///They should have standard constructor interfaces to be able to
    ///automatically created by the algorithm (i.e. the digraph should be
    ///passed to the constructor of the cross reference and the cross
    ///reference should be passed to the constructor of the heap).
    ///However external heap and cross reference objects could also be
    ///passed to the algorithm using the \ref heap() function before
    ///calling \ref run(Node) "run()" or \ref init().
    ///\sa SetHeap
    template <class H, class CR = typename Digraph::template NodeMap<int> >
    struct SetStandardHeap
      : public Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetStandardHeapTraits<H, CR> > {
      typedef Dijkstra< Digraph, LengthMap, SetStandardHeapTraits<H, CR> >
      Create;
    };

    template <class T>
    struct SetOperationTraitsTraits : public Traits {
      typedef T OperationTraits;
    };

    /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///\c OperationTraits type
    ///
    ///\ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
    ///\c OperationTraits type.
    template <class T>
    struct SetOperationTraits
      : public Dijkstra<Digraph, LengthMap, SetOperationTraitsTraits<T> > {
      typedef Dijkstra<Digraph, LengthMap, SetOperationTraitsTraits<T> >
      Create;
    };

    ///@}

  protected:

    Dijkstra() {}

  public:

    ///Constructor.

    ///Constructor.
    ///\param g The digraph the algorithm runs on.
    ///\param length The length map used by the algorithm.
    Dijkstra(const Digraph& g, const LengthMap& length) :
      G(&g), _length(&length),
      _pred(NULL), local_pred(false),
      _dist(NULL), local_dist(false),
      _processed(NULL), local_processed(false),
      _heap_cross_ref(NULL), local_heap_cross_ref(false),
      _heap(NULL), local_heap(false)
    { }

    ///Destructor.
    ~Dijkstra()
    {
      if(local_pred) delete _pred;
      if(local_dist) delete _dist;
      if(local_processed) delete _processed;
      if(local_heap_cross_ref) delete _heap_cross_ref;
      if(local_heap) delete _heap;
    }

    ///Sets the length map.

    ///Sets the length map.
    ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>
    Dijkstra &lengthMap(const LengthMap &m)
    {
      _length = &m;
      return *this;
    }

    ///Sets the map that stores the predecessor arcs.

    ///Sets the map that stores the predecessor arcs.
    ///If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(Node) "run()"
    ///or \ref init(), an instance will be allocated automatically.
    ///The destructor deallocates this automatically allocated map,
    ///of course.
    ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>
    Dijkstra &predMap(PredMap &m)
    {
      if(local_pred) {
        delete _pred;
        local_pred=false;
      }
      _pred = &m;
      return *this;
    }

    ///Sets the map that indicates which nodes are processed.

    ///Sets the map that indicates which nodes are processed.
    ///If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(Node) "run()"
    ///or \ref init(), an instance will be allocated automatically.
    ///The destructor deallocates this automatically allocated map,
    ///of course.
    ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>
    Dijkstra &processedMap(ProcessedMap &m)
    {
      if(local_processed) {
        delete _processed;
        local_processed=false;
      }
      _processed = &m;
      return *this;
    }

    ///Sets the map that stores the distances of the nodes.

    ///Sets the map that stores the distances of the nodes calculated by the
    ///algorithm.
    ///If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(Node) "run()"
    ///or \ref init(), an instance will be allocated automatically.
    ///The destructor deallocates this automatically allocated map,
    ///of course.
    ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>
    Dijkstra &distMap(DistMap &m)
    {
      if(local_dist) {
        delete _dist;
        local_dist=false;
      }
      _dist = &m;
      return *this;
    }

    ///Sets the heap and the cross reference used by algorithm.

    ///Sets the heap and the cross reference used by algorithm.
    ///If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(Node) "run()"
    ///or \ref init(), heap and cross reference instances will be
    ///allocated automatically.
    ///The destructor deallocates these automatically allocated objects,
    ///of course.
    ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>
    Dijkstra &heap(Heap& hp, HeapCrossRef &cr)
    {
      if(local_heap_cross_ref) {
        delete _heap_cross_ref;
        local_heap_cross_ref=false;
      }
      _heap_cross_ref = &cr;
      if(local_heap) {
        delete _heap;
        local_heap=false;
      }
      _heap = &hp;
      return *this;
    }

  private:

    void finalizeNodeData(Node v,Value dst)
    {
      _processed->set(v,true);
      _dist->set(v, dst);
    }

  public:

    ///\name Execution Control
    ///The simplest way to execute the %Dijkstra algorithm is to use
    ///one of the member functions called \ref run(Node) "run()".\n
    ///If you need more control on the execution, first you have to call
    ///\ref init(), then you can add several source nodes with
    ///\ref addSource(). Finally the actual path computation can be
    ///performed with one of the \ref start() functions.

    ///@{

    ///\brief Initializes the internal data structures.
    ///
    ///Initializes the internal data structures.
    void init()
    {
      create_maps();
      _heap->clear();
      for ( NodeIt u(*G) ; u!=INVALID ; ++u ) {
        _pred->set(u,INVALID);
        _processed->set(u,false);
        _heap_cross_ref->set(u,Heap::PRE_HEAP);
      }
    }

    ///Adds a new source node.

    ///Adds a new source node to the priority heap.
    ///The optional second parameter is the initial distance of the node.
    ///
    ///The function checks if the node has already been added to the heap and
    ///it is pushed to the heap only if either it was not in the heap
    ///or the shortest path found till then is shorter than \c dst.
    void addSource(Node s,Value dst=OperationTraits::zero())
    {
      if(_heap->state(s) != Heap::IN_HEAP) {
        _heap->push(s,dst);
      } else if(OperationTraits::less((*_heap)[s], dst)) {
        _heap->set(s,dst);
        _pred->set(s,INVALID);
      }
    }

    ///Processes the next node in the priority heap

    ///Processes the next node in the priority heap.
    ///
    ///\return The processed node.
    ///
    ///\warning The priority heap must not be empty.
    Node processNextNode()
    {
      Node v=_heap->top();
      Value oldvalue=_heap->prio();
      _heap->pop();
      finalizeNodeData(v,oldvalue);

      for(OutArcIt e(*G,v); e!=INVALID; ++e) {
        Node w=G->target(e);
        switch(_heap->state(w)) {
        case Heap::PRE_HEAP:
          _heap->push(w,OperationTraits::plus(oldvalue, (*_length)[e]));
          _pred->set(w,e);
          break;
        case Heap::IN_HEAP:
          {
            Value newvalue = OperationTraits::plus(oldvalue, (*_length)[e]);
            if ( OperationTraits::less(newvalue, (*_heap)[w]) ) {
              _heap->decrease(w, newvalue);
              _pred->set(w,e);
            }
          }
          break;
        case Heap::POST_HEAP:
          break;
        }
      }
      return v;
    }

    ///The next node to be processed.

    ///Returns the next node to be processed or \c INVALID if the
    ///priority heap is empty.
    Node nextNode() const
    {
      return !_heap->empty()?_heap->top():INVALID;
    }

    ///Returns \c false if there are nodes to be processed.

    ///Returns \c false if there are nodes to be processed
    ///in the priority heap.
    bool emptyQueue() const { return _heap->empty(); }

    ///Returns the number of the nodes to be processed.

    ///Returns the number of the nodes to be processed
    ///in the priority heap.
    int queueSize() const { return _heap->size(); }

    ///Executes the algorithm.

    ///Executes the algorithm.
    ///
    ///This method runs the %Dijkstra algorithm from the root node(s)
    ///in order to compute the shortest path to each node.
    ///
    ///The algorithm computes
    ///- the shortest path tree (forest),
    ///- the distance of each node from the root(s).
    ///
    ///\pre init() must be called and at least one root node should be
    ///added with addSource() before using this function.
    ///
    ///\note <tt>d.start()</tt> is just a shortcut of the following code.
    ///\code
    ///  while ( !d.emptyQueue() ) {
    ///    d.processNextNode();
    ///  }
    ///\endcode
    void start()
    {
      while ( !emptyQueue() ) processNextNode();
    }

    ///Executes the algorithm until the given target node is processed.

    ///Executes the algorithm until the given target node is processed.
    ///
    ///This method runs the %Dijkstra algorithm from the root node(s)
    ///in order to compute the shortest path to \c t.
    ///
    ///The algorithm computes
    ///- the shortest path to \c t,
    ///- the distance of \c t from the root(s).
    ///
    ///\pre init() must be called and at least one root node should be
    ///added with addSource() before using this function.
    void start(Node t)
    {
      while ( !_heap->empty() && _heap->top()!=t ) processNextNode();
      if ( !_heap->empty() ) {
        finalizeNodeData(_heap->top(),_heap->prio());
        _heap->pop();
      }
    }

    ///Executes the algorithm until a condition is met.

    ///Executes the algorithm until a condition is met.
    ///
    ///This method runs the %Dijkstra algorithm from the root node(s) in
    ///order to compute the shortest path to a node \c v with
    /// <tt>nm[v]</tt> true, if such a node can be found.
    ///
    ///\param nm A \c bool (or convertible) node map. The algorithm
    ///will stop when it reaches a node \c v with <tt>nm[v]</tt> true.
    ///
    ///\return The reached node \c v with <tt>nm[v]</tt> true or
    ///\c INVALID if no such node was found.
    ///
    ///\pre init() must be called and at least one root node should be
    ///added with addSource() before using this function.
    template<class NodeBoolMap>
    Node start(const NodeBoolMap &nm)
    {
      while ( !_heap->empty() && !nm[_heap->top()] ) processNextNode();
      if ( _heap->empty() ) return INVALID;
      finalizeNodeData(_heap->top(),_heap->prio());
      return _heap->top();
    }

    ///Runs the algorithm from the given source node.

    ///This method runs the %Dijkstra algorithm from node \c s
    ///in order to compute the shortest path to each node.
    ///
    ///The algorithm computes
    ///- the shortest path tree,
    ///- the distance of each node from the root.
    ///
    ///\note <tt>d.run(s)</tt> is just a shortcut of the following code.
    ///\code
    ///  d.init();
    ///  d.addSource(s);
    ///  d.start();
    ///\endcode
    void run(Node s) {
      init();
      addSource(s);
      start();
    }

    ///Finds the shortest path between \c s and \c t.

    ///This method runs the %Dijkstra algorithm from node \c s
    ///in order to compute the shortest path to node \c t
    ///(it stops searching when \c t is processed).
    ///
    ///\return \c true if \c t is reachable form \c s.
    ///
    ///\note Apart from the return value, <tt>d.run(s,t)</tt> is just a
    ///shortcut of the following code.
    ///\code
    ///  d.init();
    ///  d.addSource(s);
    ///  d.start(t);
    ///\endcode
    bool run(Node s,Node t) {
      init();
      addSource(s);
      start(t);
      return (*_heap_cross_ref)[t] == Heap::POST_HEAP;
    }

    ///@}

    ///\name Query Functions
    ///The results of the %Dijkstra algorithm can be obtained using these
    ///functions.\n
    ///Either \ref run(Node) "run()" or \ref start() should be called
    ///before using them.

    ///@{

    ///The shortest path to a node.

    ///Returns the shortest path to a node.
    ///
    ///\warning \c t should be reached from the root(s).
    ///
    ///\pre Either \ref run(Node) "run()" or \ref init()
    ///must be called before using this function.
    Path path(Node t) const { return Path(*G, *_pred, t); }

    ///The distance of a node from the root(s).

    ///Returns the distance of a node from the root(s).
    ///
    ///\warning If node \c v is not reached from the root(s), then
    ///the return value of this function is undefined.
    ///
    ///\pre Either \ref run(Node) "run()" or \ref init()
    ///must be called before using this function.
    Value dist(Node v) const { return (*_dist)[v]; }

    ///Returns the 'previous arc' of the shortest path tree for a node.

    ///This function returns the 'previous arc' of the shortest path
    ///tree for the node \c v, i.e. it returns the last arc of a
    ///shortest path from a root to \c v. It is \c INVALID if \c v
    ///is not reached from the root(s) or if \c v is a root.
    ///
    ///The shortest path tree used here is equal to the shortest path
    ///tree used in \ref predNode().
    ///
    ///\pre Either \ref run(Node) "run()" or \ref init()
    ///must be called before using this function.
    Arc predArc(Node v) const { return (*_pred)[v]; }

    ///Returns the 'previous node' of the shortest path tree for a node.

    ///This function returns the 'previous node' of the shortest path
    ///tree for the node \c v, i.e. it returns the last but one node
    ///from a shortest path from a root to \c v. It is \c INVALID
    ///if \c v is not reached from the root(s) or if \c v is a root.
    ///
    ///The shortest path tree used here is equal to the shortest path
    ///tree used in \ref predArc().
    ///
    ///\pre Either \ref run(Node) "run()" or \ref init()
    ///must be called before using this function.
    Node predNode(Node v) const { return (*_pred)[v]==INVALID ? INVALID:
                                  G->source((*_pred)[v]); }

    ///\brief Returns a const reference to the node map that stores the
    ///distances of the nodes.
    ///
    ///Returns a const reference to the node map that stores the distances
    ///of the nodes calculated by the algorithm.
    ///
    ///\pre Either \ref run(Node) "run()" or \ref init()
    ///must be called before using this function.
    const DistMap &distMap() const { return *_dist;}

    ///\brief Returns a const reference to the node map that stores the
    ///predecessor arcs.
    ///
    ///Returns a const reference to the node map that stores the predecessor
    ///arcs, which form the shortest path tree.
    ///
    ///\pre Either \ref run(Node) "run()" or \ref init()
    ///must be called before using this function.
    const PredMap &predMap() const { return *_pred;}

    ///Checks if a node is reached from the root(s).

    ///Returns \c true if \c v is reached from the root(s).
    ///
    ///\pre Either \ref run(Node) "run()" or \ref init()
    ///must be called before using this function.
    bool reached(Node v) const { return (*_heap_cross_ref)[v] !=
                                        Heap::PRE_HEAP; }

    ///Checks if a node is processed.

    ///Returns \c true if \c v is processed, i.e. the shortest
    ///path to \c v has already found.
    ///
    ///\pre Either \ref run(Node) "run()" or \ref init()
    ///must be called before using this function.
    bool processed(Node v) const { return (*_heap_cross_ref)[v] ==
                                          Heap::POST_HEAP; }

    ///The current distance of a node from the root(s).

    ///Returns the current distance of a node from the root(s).
    ///It may be decreased in the following processes.
    ///
    ///\pre Either \ref run(Node) "run()" or \ref init()
    ///must be called before using this function and
    ///node \c v must be reached but not necessarily processed.
    Value currentDist(Node v) const {
      return processed(v) ? (*_dist)[v] : (*_heap)[v];
    }

    ///@}
  };


  ///Default traits class of dijkstra() function.

  ///Default traits class of dijkstra() function.
  ///\tparam GR The type of the digraph.
  ///\tparam LEN The type of the length map.
  template<class GR, class LEN>
  struct DijkstraWizardDefaultTraits
  {
    ///The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.
    typedef GR Digraph;
    ///The type of the map that stores the arc lengths.

    ///The type of the map that stores the arc lengths.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::ReadMap "ReadMap" concept.
    typedef LEN LengthMap;
    ///The type of the length of the arcs.
    typedef typename LEN::Value Value;

    /// Operation traits for Dijkstra algorithm.

    /// This class defines the operations that are used in the algorithm.
    /// \see DijkstraDefaultOperationTraits
    typedef DijkstraDefaultOperationTraits<Value> OperationTraits;

    /// The cross reference type used by the heap.

    /// The cross reference type used by the heap.
    /// Usually it is \c Digraph::NodeMap<int>.
    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<int> HeapCrossRef;
    ///Instantiates a \ref HeapCrossRef.

    ///This function instantiates a \ref HeapCrossRef.
    /// \param g is the digraph, to which we would like to define the
    /// HeapCrossRef.
    static HeapCrossRef *createHeapCrossRef(const Digraph &g)
    {
      return new HeapCrossRef(g);
    }

    ///The heap type used by the Dijkstra algorithm.

    ///The heap type used by the Dijkstra algorithm.
    ///
    ///\sa BinHeap
    ///\sa Dijkstra
    typedef BinHeap<Value, typename Digraph::template NodeMap<int>,
                    std::less<Value> > Heap;

    ///Instantiates a \ref Heap.

    ///This function instantiates a \ref Heap.
    /// \param r is the HeapCrossRef which is used.
    static Heap *createHeap(HeapCrossRef& r)
    {
      return new Heap(r);
    }

    ///\brief The type of the map that stores the predecessor
    ///arcs of the shortest paths.
    ///
    ///The type of the map that stores the predecessor
    ///arcs of the shortest paths.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.
    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<typename Digraph::Arc> PredMap;
    ///Instantiates a PredMap.

    ///This function instantiates a PredMap.
    ///\param g is the digraph, to which we would like to define the
    ///PredMap.
    static PredMap *createPredMap(const Digraph &g)
    {
      return new PredMap(g);
    }

    ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.

    ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.
    ///By default it is a NullMap.
    typedef NullMap<typename Digraph::Node,bool> ProcessedMap;
    ///Instantiates a ProcessedMap.

    ///This function instantiates a ProcessedMap.
    ///\param g is the digraph, to which
    ///we would like to define the ProcessedMap.
#ifdef DOXYGEN
    static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &g)
#else
    static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &)
#endif
    {
      return new ProcessedMap();
    }

    ///The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.

    ///The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap" concept.
    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<typename LEN::Value> DistMap;
    ///Instantiates a DistMap.

    ///This function instantiates a DistMap.
    ///\param g is the digraph, to which we would like to define
    ///the DistMap
    static DistMap *createDistMap(const Digraph &g)
    {
      return new DistMap(g);
    }

    ///The type of the shortest paths.

    ///The type of the shortest paths.
    ///It must meet the \ref concepts::Path "Path" concept.
    typedef lemon::Path<Digraph> Path;
  };

  /// Default traits class used by DijkstraWizard

  /// To make it easier to use Dijkstra algorithm
  /// we have created a wizard class.
  /// This \ref DijkstraWizard class needs default traits,
  /// as well as the \ref Dijkstra class.
  /// The \ref DijkstraWizardBase is a class to be the default traits of the
  /// \ref DijkstraWizard class.
  template<typename GR, typename LEN>
  class DijkstraWizardBase : public DijkstraWizardDefaultTraits<GR,LEN>
  {
    typedef DijkstraWizardDefaultTraits<GR,LEN> Base;
  protected:
    //The type of the nodes in the digraph.
    typedef typename Base::Digraph::Node Node;

    //Pointer to the digraph the algorithm runs on.
    void *_g;
    //Pointer to the length map.
    void *_length;
    //Pointer to the map of processed nodes.
    void *_processed;
    //Pointer to the map of predecessors arcs.
    void *_pred;
    //Pointer to the map of distances.
    void *_dist;
    //Pointer to the shortest path to the target node.
    void *_path;
    //Pointer to the distance of the target node.
    void *_di;

  public:
    /// Constructor.

    /// This constructor does not require parameters, therefore it initiates
    /// all of the attributes to \c 0.
    DijkstraWizardBase() : _g(0), _length(0), _processed(0), _pred(0),
                           _dist(0), _path(0), _di(0) {}

    /// Constructor.

    /// This constructor requires two parameters,
    /// others are initiated to \c 0.
    /// \param g The digraph the algorithm runs on.
    /// \param l The length map.
    DijkstraWizardBase(const GR &g,const LEN &l) :
      _g(reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<GR*>(&g))),
      _length(reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<LEN*>(&l))),
      _processed(0), _pred(0), _dist(0), _path(0), _di(0) {}

  };

  /// Auxiliary class for the function-type interface of Dijkstra algorithm.

  /// This auxiliary class is created to implement the
  /// \ref dijkstra() "function-type interface" of \ref Dijkstra algorithm.
  /// It does not have own \ref run(Node) "run()" method, it uses the
  /// functions and features of the plain \ref Dijkstra.
  ///
  /// This class should only be used through the \ref dijkstra() function,
  /// which makes it easier to use the algorithm.
  template<class TR>
  class DijkstraWizard : public TR
  {
    typedef TR Base;

    ///The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.
    typedef typename TR::Digraph Digraph;

    typedef typename Digraph::Node Node;
    typedef typename Digraph::NodeIt NodeIt;
    typedef typename Digraph::Arc Arc;
    typedef typename Digraph::OutArcIt OutArcIt;

    ///The type of the map that stores the arc lengths.
    typedef typename TR::LengthMap LengthMap;
    ///The type of the length of the arcs.
    typedef typename LengthMap::Value Value;
    ///\brief The type of the map that stores the predecessor
    ///arcs of the shortest paths.
    typedef typename TR::PredMap PredMap;
    ///The type of the map that stores the distances of the nodes.
    typedef typename TR::DistMap DistMap;
    ///The type of the map that indicates which nodes are processed.
    typedef typename TR::ProcessedMap ProcessedMap;
    ///The type of the shortest paths
    typedef typename TR::Path Path;
    ///The heap type used by the dijkstra algorithm.
    typedef typename TR::Heap Heap;

  public:

    /// Constructor.
    DijkstraWizard() : TR() {}

    /// Constructor that requires parameters.

    /// Constructor that requires parameters.
    /// These parameters will be the default values for the traits class.
    /// \param g The digraph the algorithm runs on.
    /// \param l The length map.
    DijkstraWizard(const Digraph &g, const LengthMap &l) :
      TR(g,l) {}

    ///Copy constructor
    DijkstraWizard(const TR &b) : TR(b) {}

    ~DijkstraWizard() {}

    ///Runs Dijkstra algorithm from the given source node.

    ///This method runs %Dijkstra algorithm from the given source node
    ///in order to compute the shortest path to each node.
    void run(Node s)
    {
      Dijkstra<Digraph,LengthMap,TR>
        dijk(*reinterpret_cast<const Digraph*>(Base::_g),
             *reinterpret_cast<const LengthMap*>(Base::_length));
      if (Base::_pred)
        dijk.predMap(*reinterpret_cast<PredMap*>(Base::_pred));
      if (Base::_dist)
        dijk.distMap(*reinterpret_cast<DistMap*>(Base::_dist));
      if (Base::_processed)
        dijk.processedMap(*reinterpret_cast<ProcessedMap*>(Base::_processed));
      dijk.run(s);
    }

    ///Finds the shortest path between \c s and \c t.

    ///This method runs the %Dijkstra algorithm from node \c s
    ///in order to compute the shortest path to node \c t
    ///(it stops searching when \c t is processed).
    ///
    ///\return \c true if \c t is reachable form \c s.
    bool run(Node s, Node t)
    {
      Dijkstra<Digraph,LengthMap,TR>
        dijk(*reinterpret_cast<const Digraph*>(Base::_g),
             *reinterpret_cast<const LengthMap*>(Base::_length));
      if (Base::_pred)
        dijk.predMap(*reinterpret_cast<PredMap*>(Base::_pred));
      if (Base::_dist)
        dijk.distMap(*reinterpret_cast<DistMap*>(Base::_dist));
      if (Base::_processed)
        dijk.processedMap(*reinterpret_cast<ProcessedMap*>(Base::_processed));
      dijk.run(s,t);
      if (Base::_path)
        *reinterpret_cast<Path*>(Base::_path) = dijk.path(t);
      if (Base::_di)
        *reinterpret_cast<Value*>(Base::_di) = dijk.dist(t);
      return dijk.reached(t);
    }

    template<class T>
    struct SetPredMapBase : public Base {
      typedef T PredMap;
      static PredMap *createPredMap(const Digraph &) { return 0; };
      SetPredMapBase(const TR &b) : TR(b) {}
    };
    ///\brief \ref named-func-param "Named parameter"
    ///for setting PredMap object.
    ///
    ///\ref named-func-param "Named parameter"
    ///for setting PredMap object.
    template<class T>
    DijkstraWizard<SetPredMapBase<T> > predMap(const T &t)
    {
      Base::_pred=reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<T*>(&t));
      return DijkstraWizard<SetPredMapBase<T> >(*this);
    }

    template<class T>
    struct SetDistMapBase : public Base {
      typedef T DistMap;
      static DistMap *createDistMap(const Digraph &) { return 0; };
      SetDistMapBase(const TR &b) : TR(b) {}
    };
    ///\brief \ref named-func-param "Named parameter"
    ///for setting DistMap object.
    ///
    ///\ref named-func-param "Named parameter"
    ///for setting DistMap object.
    template<class T>
    DijkstraWizard<SetDistMapBase<T> > distMap(const T &t)
    {
      Base::_dist=reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<T*>(&t));
      return DijkstraWizard<SetDistMapBase<T> >(*this);
    }

    template<class T>
    struct SetProcessedMapBase : public Base {
      typedef T ProcessedMap;
      static ProcessedMap *createProcessedMap(const Digraph &) { return 0; };
      SetProcessedMapBase(const TR &b) : TR(b) {}
    };
    ///\brief \ref named-func-param "Named parameter"
    ///for setting ProcessedMap object.
    ///
    /// \ref named-func-param "Named parameter"
    ///for setting ProcessedMap object.
    template<class T>
    DijkstraWizard<SetProcessedMapBase<T> > processedMap(const T &t)
    {
      Base::_processed=reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<T*>(&t));
      return DijkstraWizard<SetProcessedMapBase<T> >(*this);
    }

    template<class T>
    struct SetPathBase : public Base {
      typedef T Path;
      SetPathBase(const TR &b) : TR(b) {}
    };
    ///\brief \ref named-func-param "Named parameter"
    ///for getting the shortest path to the target node.
    ///
    ///\ref named-func-param "Named parameter"
    ///for getting the shortest path to the target node.
    template<class T>
    DijkstraWizard<SetPathBase<T> > path(const T &t)
    {
      Base::_path=reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<T*>(&t));
      return DijkstraWizard<SetPathBase<T> >(*this);
    }

    ///\brief \ref named-func-param "Named parameter"
    ///for getting the distance of the target node.
    ///
    ///\ref named-func-param "Named parameter"
    ///for getting the distance of the target node.
    DijkstraWizard dist(const Value &d)
    {
      Base::_di=reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<Value*>(&d));
      return *this;
    }

  };

  ///Function-type interface for Dijkstra algorithm.

  /// \ingroup shortest_path
  ///Function-type interface for Dijkstra algorithm.
  ///
  ///This function also has several \ref named-func-param "named parameters",
  ///they are declared as the members of class \ref DijkstraWizard.
  ///The following examples show how to use these parameters.
  ///\code
  ///  // Compute shortest path from node s to each node
  ///  dijkstra(g,length).predMap(preds).distMap(dists).run(s);
  ///
  ///  // Compute shortest path from s to t
  ///  bool reached = dijkstra(g,length).path(p).dist(d).run(s,t);
  ///\endcode
  ///\warning Don't forget to put the \ref DijkstraWizard::run(Node) "run()"
  ///to the end of the parameter list.
  ///\sa DijkstraWizard
  ///\sa Dijkstra
  template<typename GR, typename LEN>
  DijkstraWizard<DijkstraWizardBase<GR,LEN> >
  dijkstra(const GR &digraph, const LEN &length)
  {
    return DijkstraWizard<DijkstraWizardBase<GR,LEN> >(digraph,length);
  }

} //END OF NAMESPACE LEMON

#endif