COIN-OR::LEMON - Graph Library

source: lemon/lemon/bin_heap.h @ 1337:4add05447ca0

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1/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-
2 *
3 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2013
6 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
7 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
8 *
9 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
10 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
11 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
12 *
13 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
14 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
15 * purpose.
16 *
17 */
18
19#ifndef LEMON_BIN_HEAP_H
20#define LEMON_BIN_HEAP_H
21
22///\ingroup heaps
23///\file
24///\brief Binary heap implementation.
25
26#include <vector>
27#include <utility>
28#include <functional>
29
30namespace lemon {
31
32  /// \ingroup heaps
33  ///
34  /// \brief Binary heap data structure.
35  ///
36  /// This class implements the \e binary \e heap data structure.
37  /// It fully conforms to the \ref concepts::Heap "heap concept".
38  ///
39  /// \tparam PR Type of the priorities of the items.
40  /// \tparam IM A read-writable item map with \c int values, used
41  /// internally to handle the cross references.
42  /// \tparam CMP A functor class for comparing the priorities.
43  /// The default is \c std::less<PR>.
44#ifdef DOXYGEN
45  template <typename PR, typename IM, typename CMP>
46#else
47  template <typename PR, typename IM, typename CMP = std::less<PR> >
48#endif
49  class BinHeap {
50  public:
51
52    /// Type of the item-int map.
53    typedef IM ItemIntMap;
54    /// Type of the priorities.
55    typedef PR Prio;
56    /// Type of the items stored in the heap.
57    typedef typename ItemIntMap::Key Item;
58    /// Type of the item-priority pairs.
59    typedef std::pair<Item,Prio> Pair;
60    /// Functor type for comparing the priorities.
61    typedef CMP Compare;
62
63    /// \brief Type to represent the states of the items.
64    ///
65    /// Each item has a state associated to it. It can be "in heap",
66    /// "pre-heap" or "post-heap". The latter two are indifferent from the
67    /// heap's point of view, but may be useful to the user.
68    ///
69    /// The item-int map must be initialized in such way that it assigns
70    /// \c PRE_HEAP (<tt>-1</tt>) to any element to be put in the heap.
71    enum State {
72      IN_HEAP = 0,    ///< = 0.
73      PRE_HEAP = -1,  ///< = -1.
74      POST_HEAP = -2  ///< = -2.
75    };
76
77  private:
78    std::vector<Pair> _data;
79    Compare _comp;
80    ItemIntMap &_iim;
81
82  public:
83
84    /// \brief Constructor.
85    ///
86    /// Constructor.
87    /// \param map A map that assigns \c int values to the items.
88    /// It is used internally to handle the cross references.
89    /// The assigned value must be \c PRE_HEAP (<tt>-1</tt>) for each item.
90    explicit BinHeap(ItemIntMap &map) : _iim(map) {}
91
92    /// \brief Constructor.
93    ///
94    /// Constructor.
95    /// \param map A map that assigns \c int values to the items.
96    /// It is used internally to handle the cross references.
97    /// The assigned value must be \c PRE_HEAP (<tt>-1</tt>) for each item.
98    /// \param comp The function object used for comparing the priorities.
99    BinHeap(ItemIntMap &map, const Compare &comp)
100      : _iim(map), _comp(comp) {}
101
102
103    /// \brief The number of items stored in the heap.
104    ///
105    /// This function returns the number of items stored in the heap.
106    int size() const { return _data.size(); }
107
108    /// \brief Check if the heap is empty.
109    ///
110    /// This function returns \c true if the heap is empty.
111    bool empty() const { return _data.empty(); }
112
113    /// \brief Make the heap empty.
114    ///
115    /// This functon makes the heap empty.
116    /// It does not change the cross reference map. If you want to reuse
117    /// a heap that is not surely empty, you should first clear it and
118    /// then you should set the cross reference map to \c PRE_HEAP
119    /// for each item.
120    void clear() {
121      _data.clear();
122    }
123
124  private:
125    static int parent(int i) { return (i-1)/2; }
126
127    static int secondChild(int i) { return 2*i+2; }
128    bool less(const Pair &p1, const Pair &p2) const {
129      return _comp(p1.second, p2.second);
130    }
131
132    int bubbleUp(int hole, Pair p) {
133      int par = parent(hole);
134      while( hole>0 && less(p,_data[par]) ) {
135        move(_data[par],hole);
136        hole = par;
137        par = parent(hole);
138      }
139      move(p, hole);
140      return hole;
141    }
142
143    int bubbleDown(int hole, Pair p, int length) {
144      int child = secondChild(hole);
145      while(child < length) {
146        if( less(_data[child-1], _data[child]) ) {
147          --child;
148        }
149        if( !less(_data[child], p) )
150          goto ok;
151        move(_data[child], hole);
152        hole = child;
153        child = secondChild(hole);
154      }
155      child--;
156      if( child<length && less(_data[child], p) ) {
157        move(_data[child], hole);
158        hole=child;
159      }
160    ok:
161      move(p, hole);
162      return hole;
163    }
164
165    void move(const Pair &p, int i) {
166      _data[i] = p;
167      _iim.set(p.first, i);
168    }
169
170  public:
171
172    /// \brief Insert a pair of item and priority into the heap.
173    ///
174    /// This function inserts \c p.first to the heap with priority
175    /// \c p.second.
176    /// \param p The pair to insert.
177    /// \pre \c p.first must not be stored in the heap.
178    void push(const Pair &p) {
179      int n = _data.size();
180      _data.resize(n+1);
181      bubbleUp(n, p);
182    }
183
184    /// \brief Insert an item into the heap with the given priority.
185    ///
186    /// This function inserts the given item into the heap with the
187    /// given priority.
188    /// \param i The item to insert.
189    /// \param p The priority of the item.
190    /// \pre \e i must not be stored in the heap.
191    void push(const Item &i, const Prio &p) { push(Pair(i,p)); }
192
193    /// \brief Return the item having minimum priority.
194    ///
195    /// This function returns the item having minimum priority.
196    /// \pre The heap must be non-empty.
197    Item top() const {
198      return _data[0].first;
199    }
200
201    /// \brief The minimum priority.
202    ///
203    /// This function returns the minimum priority.
204    /// \pre The heap must be non-empty.
205    Prio prio() const {
206      return _data[0].second;
207    }
208
209    /// \brief Remove the item having minimum priority.
210    ///
211    /// This function removes the item having minimum priority.
212    /// \pre The heap must be non-empty.
213    void pop() {
214      int n = _data.size()-1;
215      _iim.set(_data[0].first, POST_HEAP);
216      if (n > 0) {
217        bubbleDown(0, _data[n], n);
218      }
219      _data.pop_back();
220    }
221
222    /// \brief Remove the given item from the heap.
223    ///
224    /// This function removes the given item from the heap if it is
225    /// already stored.
226    /// \param i The item to delete.
227    /// \pre \e i must be in the heap.
228    void erase(const Item &i) {
229      int h = _iim[i];
230      int n = _data.size()-1;
231      _iim.set(_data[h].first, POST_HEAP);
232      if( h < n ) {
233        if ( bubbleUp(h, _data[n]) == h) {
234          bubbleDown(h, _data[n], n);
235        }
236      }
237      _data.pop_back();
238    }
239
240    /// \brief The priority of the given item.
241    ///
242    /// This function returns the priority of the given item.
243    /// \param i The item.
244    /// \pre \e i must be in the heap.
245    Prio operator[](const Item &i) const {
246      int idx = _iim[i];
247      return _data[idx].second;
248    }
249
250    /// \brief Set the priority of an item or insert it, if it is
251    /// not stored in the heap.
252    ///
253    /// This method sets the priority of the given item if it is
254    /// already stored in the heap. Otherwise it inserts the given
255    /// item into the heap with the given priority.
256    /// \param i The item.
257    /// \param p The priority.
258    void set(const Item &i, const Prio &p) {
259      int idx = _iim[i];
260      if( idx < 0 ) {
261        push(i,p);
262      }
263      else if( _comp(p, _data[idx].second) ) {
264        bubbleUp(idx, Pair(i,p));
265      }
266      else {
267        bubbleDown(idx, Pair(i,p), _data.size());
268      }
269    }
270
271    /// \brief Decrease the priority of an item to the given value.
272    ///
273    /// This function decreases the priority of an item to the given value.
274    /// \param i The item.
275    /// \param p The priority.
276    /// \pre \e i must be stored in the heap with priority at least \e p.
277    void decrease(const Item &i, const Prio &p) {
278      int idx = _iim[i];
279      bubbleUp(idx, Pair(i,p));
280    }
281
282    /// \brief Increase the priority of an item to the given value.
283    ///
284    /// This function increases the priority of an item to the given value.
285    /// \param i The item.
286    /// \param p The priority.
287    /// \pre \e i must be stored in the heap with priority at most \e p.
288    void increase(const Item &i, const Prio &p) {
289      int idx = _iim[i];
290      bubbleDown(idx, Pair(i,p), _data.size());
291    }
292
293    /// \brief Return the state of an item.
294    ///
295    /// This method returns \c PRE_HEAP if the given item has never
296    /// been in the heap, \c IN_HEAP if it is in the heap at the moment,
297    /// and \c POST_HEAP otherwise.
298    /// In the latter case it is possible that the item will get back
299    /// to the heap again.
300    /// \param i The item.
301    State state(const Item &i) const {
302      int s = _iim[i];
303      if( s>=0 )
304        s=0;
305      return State(s);
306    }
307
308    /// \brief Set the state of an item in the heap.
309    ///
310    /// This function sets the state of the given item in the heap.
311    /// It can be used to manually clear the heap when it is important
312    /// to achive better time complexity.
313    /// \param i The item.
314    /// \param st The state. It should not be \c IN_HEAP.
315    void state(const Item& i, State st) {
316      switch (st) {
317      case POST_HEAP:
318      case PRE_HEAP:
319        if (state(i) == IN_HEAP) {
320          erase(i);
321        }
322        _iim[i] = st;
323        break;
324      case IN_HEAP:
325        break;
326      }
327    }
328
329    /// \brief Replace an item in the heap.
330    ///
331    /// This function replaces item \c i with item \c j.
332    /// Item \c i must be in the heap, while \c j must be out of the heap.
333    /// After calling this method, item \c i will be out of the
334    /// heap and \c j will be in the heap with the same prioriority
335    /// as item \c i had before.
336    void replace(const Item& i, const Item& j) {
337      int idx = _iim[i];
338      _iim.set(i, _iim[j]);
339      _iim.set(j, idx);
340      _data[idx].first = j;
341    }
342
343  }; // class BinHeap
344
345} // namespace lemon
346
347#endif // LEMON_BIN_HEAP_H
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