COIN-OR::LEMON - Graph Library

source: lemon/lemon/greedy_tsp.h @ 1337:4add05447ca0

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1/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-
2 *
3 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2013
6 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
7 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
8 *
9 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
10 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
11 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
12 *
13 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
14 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
15 * purpose.
16 *
17 */
18
19#ifndef LEMON_GREEDY_TSP_H
20#define LEMON_GREEDY_TSP_H
21
22/// \ingroup tsp
23/// \file
24/// \brief Greedy algorithm for symmetric TSP
25
26#include <vector>
27#include <algorithm>
28#include <lemon/full_graph.h>
29#include <lemon/unionfind.h>
30
31namespace lemon {
32
33  /// \ingroup tsp
34  ///
35  /// \brief Greedy algorithm for symmetric TSP.
36  ///
37  /// GreedyTsp implements the greedy heuristic for solving
38  /// symmetric \ref tsp "TSP".
39  ///
40  /// This algorithm is quite similar to the \ref NearestNeighborTsp
41  /// "nearest neighbor" heuristic, but it maintains a set of disjoint paths.
42  /// At each step, the shortest possible edge is added to these paths
43  /// as long as it does not create a cycle of less than n edges and it does
44  /// not increase the degree of any node above two.
45  ///
46  /// This method runs in O(n<sup>2</sup>) time.
47  /// It quickly finds a relatively short tour for most TSP instances,
48  /// but it could also yield a really bad (or even the worst) solution
49  /// in special cases.
50  ///
51  /// \tparam CM Type of the cost map.
52  template <typename CM>
53  class GreedyTsp
54  {
55    public:
56
57      /// Type of the cost map
58      typedef CM CostMap;
59      /// Type of the edge costs
60      typedef typename CM::Value Cost;
61
62    private:
63
64      GRAPH_TYPEDEFS(FullGraph);
65
66      const FullGraph &_gr;
67      const CostMap &_cost;
68      Cost _sum;
69      std::vector<Node> _path;
70
71    private:
72
73      // Functor class to compare edges by their costs
74      class EdgeComp {
75      private:
76        const CostMap &_cost;
77
78      public:
79        EdgeComp(const CostMap &cost) : _cost(cost) {}
80
81        bool operator()(const Edge &a, const Edge &b) const {
82          return _cost[a] < _cost[b];
83        }
84      };
85
86    public:
87
88      /// \brief Constructor
89      ///
90      /// Constructor.
91      /// \param gr The \ref FullGraph "full graph" the algorithm runs on.
92      /// \param cost The cost map.
93      GreedyTsp(const FullGraph &gr, const CostMap &cost)
94        : _gr(gr), _cost(cost) {}
95
96      /// \name Execution Control
97      /// @{
98
99      /// \brief Runs the algorithm.
100      ///
101      /// This function runs the algorithm.
102      ///
103      /// \return The total cost of the found tour.
104      Cost run() {
105        _path.clear();
106
107        if (_gr.nodeNum() == 0) return _sum = 0;
108        else if (_gr.nodeNum() == 1) {
109          _path.push_back(_gr(0));
110          return _sum = 0;
111        }
112
113        std::vector<int> plist;
114        plist.resize(_gr.nodeNum()*2, -1);
115
116        std::vector<Edge> sorted_edges;
117        sorted_edges.reserve(_gr.edgeNum());
118        for (EdgeIt e(_gr); e != INVALID; ++e)
119          sorted_edges.push_back(e);
120        std::sort(sorted_edges.begin(), sorted_edges.end(), EdgeComp(_cost));
121
122        FullGraph::NodeMap<int> item_int_map(_gr);
123        UnionFind<FullGraph::NodeMap<int> > union_find(item_int_map);
124        for (NodeIt n(_gr); n != INVALID; ++n)
125          union_find.insert(n);
126
127        FullGraph::NodeMap<int> degree(_gr, 0);
128
129        int nodesNum = 0, i = 0;
130        while (nodesNum != _gr.nodeNum()-1) {
131          Edge e = sorted_edges[i++];
132          Node u = _gr.u(e),
133               v = _gr.v(e);
134
135          if (degree[u] <= 1 && degree[v] <= 1) {
136            if (union_find.join(u, v)) {
137              const int uid = _gr.id(u),
138                        vid = _gr.id(v);
139
140              plist[uid*2 + degree[u]] = vid;
141              plist[vid*2 + degree[v]] = uid;
142
143              ++degree[u];
144              ++degree[v];
145              ++nodesNum;
146            }
147          }
148        }
149
150        for (int i=0, n=-1; i<_gr.nodeNum()*2; ++i) {
151          if (plist[i] == -1) {
152            if (n==-1) {
153              n = i;
154            } else {
155              plist[n] = i/2;
156              plist[i] = n/2;
157              break;
158            }
159          }
160        }
161
162        for (int i=0, next=0, last=-1; i!=_gr.nodeNum(); ++i) {
163          _path.push_back(_gr.nodeFromId(next));
164          if (plist[2*next] != last) {
165            last = next;
166            next = plist[2*next];
167          } else {
168            last = next;
169            next = plist[2*next+1];
170          }
171        }
172
173        _sum = _cost[_gr.edge(_path.back(), _path.front())];
174        for (int i = 0; i < int(_path.size())-1; ++i) {
175          _sum += _cost[_gr.edge(_path[i], _path[i+1])];
176        }
177
178        return _sum;
179      }
180
181      /// @}
182
183      /// \name Query Functions
184      /// @{
185
186      /// \brief The total cost of the found tour.
187      ///
188      /// This function returns the total cost of the found tour.
189      ///
190      /// \pre run() must be called before using this function.
191      Cost tourCost() const {
192        return _sum;
193      }
194
195      /// \brief Returns a const reference to the node sequence of the
196      /// found tour.
197      ///
198      /// This function returns a const reference to a vector
199      /// that stores the node sequence of the found tour.
200      ///
201      /// \pre run() must be called before using this function.
202      const std::vector<Node>& tourNodes() const {
203        return _path;
204      }
205
206      /// \brief Gives back the node sequence of the found tour.
207      ///
208      /// This function copies the node sequence of the found tour into
209      /// an STL container through the given output iterator. The
210      /// <tt>value_type</tt> of the container must be <tt>FullGraph::Node</tt>.
211      /// For example,
212      /// \code
213      /// std::vector<FullGraph::Node> nodes(countNodes(graph));
214      /// tsp.tourNodes(nodes.begin());
215      /// \endcode
216      /// or
217      /// \code
218      /// std::list<FullGraph::Node> nodes;
219      /// tsp.tourNodes(std::back_inserter(nodes));
220      /// \endcode
221      ///
222      /// \pre run() must be called before using this function.
223      template <typename Iterator>
224      void tourNodes(Iterator out) const {
225        std::copy(_path.begin(), _path.end(), out);
226      }
227
228      /// \brief Gives back the found tour as a path.
229      ///
230      /// This function copies the found tour as a list of arcs/edges into
231      /// the given \ref lemon::concepts::Path "path structure".
232      ///
233      /// \pre run() must be called before using this function.
234      template <typename Path>
235      void tour(Path &path) const {
236        path.clear();
237        for (int i = 0; i < int(_path.size()) - 1; ++i) {
238          path.addBack(_gr.arc(_path[i], _path[i+1]));
239        }
240        if (int(_path.size()) >= 2) {
241          path.addBack(_gr.arc(_path.back(), _path.front()));
242        }
243      }
244
245      /// @}
246
247  };
248
249}; // namespace lemon
250
251#endif
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