--- ./array_map.h	2010-12-07 11:51:05.000000000 -0500
+++ wip/array_map.h	2010-12-07 11:50:46.000000000 -0500
@@ -81,21 +81,23 @@
     // \brief Graph initialized map constructor.
     //
     // Graph initialized map constructor.
-    explicit ArrayMap(const GraphType& graph) {
+    explicit ArrayMap(const GraphType& graph)
+      : initval(Value()), capacity(0), values(NULL), allocator() {
       Parent::attach(graph.notifier(Item()));
       allocate_memory();
       Notifier* nf = Parent::notifier();
       Item it;
       for (nf->first(it); it != INVALID; nf->next(it)) {
         int id = nf->id(it);;
-        allocator.construct(&(values[id]), Value());
+        allocator.construct(&(values[id]), initval);
       }
     }
 
     // \brief Constructor to use default value to initialize the map.
     //
     // It constructs a map and initialize all of the the map.
-    ArrayMap(const GraphType& graph, const Value& value) {
+    ArrayMap(const GraphType& graph, const Value& value)
+      : initval(value), capacity(0), values(NULL), allocator() {
       Parent::attach(graph.notifier(Item()));
       allocate_memory();
       Notifier* nf = Parent::notifier();
@@ -226,7 +228,7 @@
         values = new_values;
         capacity = new_capacity;
       }
-      allocator.construct(&(values[id]), Value());
+      allocator.construct(&(values[id]), initval);
     }
 
     // \brief Adds more new keys to the map.
@@ -269,7 +271,7 @@
       }
       for (int i = 0; i < int(keys.size()); ++i) {
         int id = nf->id(keys[i]);
-        allocator.construct(&(values[id]), Value());
+        allocator.construct(&(values[id]), initval);
       }
     }
 
@@ -303,7 +305,7 @@
       Item it;
       for (nf->first(it); it != INVALID; nf->next(it)) {
         int id = nf->id(it);;
-        allocator.construct(&(values[id]), Value());
+        allocator.construct(&(values[id]), initval);
       }
     }
 
@@ -340,6 +342,7 @@
       values = allocator.allocate(capacity);
     }
 
+    const Value initval;
     int capacity;
     Value* values;
     Allocator allocator;
--- ./vector_map.h	2010-12-07 11:51:05.000000000 -0500
+++ wip/vector_map.h	2010-12-07 11:44:19.000000000 -0500
@@ -89,7 +89,8 @@
     //
     // It constructs a map and attachs it into the notifier.
     // It adds all the items of the graph to the map.
-    VectorMap(const GraphType& graph) {
+    VectorMap(const GraphType& graph)
+      : initval(Value()), container() {
       Parent::attach(graph.notifier(Item()));
       container.resize(Parent::notifier()->maxId() + 1);
     }
@@ -98,9 +99,10 @@
     //
     // It constructs a map uses a given value to initialize the map.
     // It adds all the items of the graph to the map.
-    VectorMap(const GraphType& graph, const Value& value) {
+    VectorMap(const GraphType& graph, const Value& value)
+      : initval(value), container() {
       Parent::attach(graph.notifier(Item()));
-      container.resize(Parent::notifier()->maxId() + 1, value);
+      container.resize(Parent::notifier()->maxId() + 1, initval);
     }
 
   private:
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@
     virtual void add(const Key& key) {
       int id = Parent::notifier()->id(key);
       if (id >= int(container.size())) {
-        container.resize(id + 1);
+        container.resize(id + 1, initval);
       }
     }
 
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@
           max = id;
         }
       }
-      container.resize(max + 1);
+      container.resize(max + 1, initval);
     }
 
     // \brief Erase a key from the map.
@@ -202,7 +204,7 @@
     // Erase a key from the map. It is called by the observer notifier
     // and it overrides the erase() member function of the observer base.
     virtual void erase(const Key& key) {
-      container[Parent::notifier()->id(key)] = Value();
+      container[Parent::notifier()->id(key)] = initval;
     }
 
     // \brief Erase more keys from the map.
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@
     // and it overrides the erase() member function of the observer base.
     virtual void erase(const std::vector<Key>& keys) {
       for (int i = 0; i < int(keys.size()); ++i) {
-        container[Parent::notifier()->id(keys[i])] = Value();
+        container[Parent::notifier()->id(keys[i])] = initval;
       }
     }
 
@@ -222,7 +224,7 @@
     virtual void build() {
       int size = Parent::notifier()->maxId() + 1;
       container.reserve(size);
-      container.resize(size);
+      container.resize(size, initval);
     }
 
     // \brief Clear the map.
@@ -235,6 +237,7 @@
 
   private:
 
+    const Value initval;
     Container container;
 
   };