<appendix id="gfdl">

<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>

<subtitle>Version 1.2, November 2002</subtitle>

<blockquote id="fsf-copyright">

 <para>Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies

of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>

</blockquote>

<section id="gfdl-0"><title>PREAMBLE</title>

<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or

other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to

assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with

or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.

Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way

to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for

modifications made by others.</para>

<para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative

works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It

complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license

designed for free software.</para>

<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for

free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free

program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the

software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals; it

can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or

whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License

principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>

</section>

<section id="gfdl-1"><title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>

<para id="gfdl-doc">This License applies to any manual or other work, in

any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying

it can be distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice

grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use

that work under the conditions stated herein.  The "Document", below,

refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a

licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You accept the license if you

copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under

copyright law.</para>

<para id="gfdl-mod-ver">A "Modified Version" of the Document means any

work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim,

or with modifications and/or translated into another language.</para>

<para id="gfdl-secnd-sect">A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or

a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the

relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the

Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing

that could fall directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the

Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may

not explain any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of

historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of

legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position

regarding them.</para>

<para id="gfdl-inv-sect">The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary

Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant

Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under

this License.  If a section does not fit the above definition of

Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The

Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not

identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.</para>

<para id="gfdl-cov-text">The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of

text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the

notice that says that the Document is released under this License.  A

Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at

most 25 words.</para>

<para id="gfdl-transparent">A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a

machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is

available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the

document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images

composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely

available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text

formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable

for input to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent

file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to

thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not

Transparent.  An image format is not Transparent if used for any

substantial amount of text.  A copy that is not "Transparent" is called

"Opaque".</para>

<para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain

ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or

XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,

PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of

transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats

include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by

proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or

processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated

HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output

purposes only.</para>

<para id="gfdl-title-page">The "Title Page" means, for a printed book,

the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold,

legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page.

For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title

Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's

title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.</para>

<para id="gfdl-entitled">A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit

of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in

parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language.

(Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as

"Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)  To

"Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document

means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this

definition.</para>

<para>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice

which states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty

Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,

but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that

these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the

meaning of this License.</para>

</section>

<section id="gfdl-2"><title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>

<para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either

commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the

copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to

the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other

conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use

technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying

of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept

compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough

number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

</para>

<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,

and you may publicly display copies.</para>

</section>

<section id="gfdl-3"><title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>

<para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly

have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the

Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the

copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:

Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back

cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the

publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present the full title

with all words of the title equally prominent and visible.  You may add

other material on the covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited

to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and

satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other

respects.</para>

<para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit

legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit

reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent

pages.</para>

<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document

numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable

Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each

Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general

network-using public has access to download using public-standard

network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of

added material.  If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably

prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity,

to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the

stated location until at least one year after the last time you

distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers)

of that edition to the public.</para>

<para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of

the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to

give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the

Document.</para>

</section>

<section id="gfdl-4"><title>MODIFICATIONS</title>

<para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document

under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you

release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the

Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing

distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever

possesses a copy of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the

Modified Version:</para>

<orderedlist id="gfdl-modif-cond" numeration="upperalpha">

<listitem><simpara>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a

  title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous

  versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History

  section of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous

  version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more

  persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in

  the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal

  authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer

  than five), unless they release you from this requirement.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of

  the Modified Version, as the publisher.</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your

  modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a

  license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified

  Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the

  <link linkend="gfdl-addendum">Addendum</link> below.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of

  Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's

  license notice.</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>Include an unaltered copy of this License.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its

  Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new

  authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title

  Page.  If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document,

  create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the

  Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the

  Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the

  Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and

  likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous

  versions it was based on.  These may be placed in the "History"

  section.  You may omit a network location for a work that was

  published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the

  original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or

  "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the

  section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor

  acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,

  unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers or the

  equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".

  Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled

  "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

</simpara></listitem>

<listitem><simpara>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

</simpara></listitem>

</orderedlist>

<para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or

appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material

copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all

of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the

list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.

These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.</para>

<para>You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it

contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various

parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has

been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a

standard.</para>

<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,

and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the

list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of

Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through

arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already includes

a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by

arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may

not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission

from the previous publisher that added the old one.</para>

<para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this

License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to

assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>

</section>

<section id="gfdl-5"><title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>

<para>You may combine the Document with other documents released under

this License, under the terms defined in <link linkend="gfdl-4">section

4</link> above for modified versions, provided that you include in the

combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original

documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your

combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their

Warranty Disclaimers.</para>

<para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and

multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single

copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but

different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding

at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or

publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.  Make the

same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections

in the license notice of the combined work.</para>

<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled

"History" in the various original documents, forming one section

Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled

"Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You must

delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".</para>

</section>

<section id="gfdl-6"><title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>

<para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other

documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies

of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is

included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this

License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other

respects.</para>

<para>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and

distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a

copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this

License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that

document.</para>

</section>

<section id="gfdl-7"><title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>

<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other

separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a

storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the

copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal

rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works

permit.  When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does

not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves

derivative works of the Document.</para>

<para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these

copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of

the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers

that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic

equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.  Otherwise

they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole

aggregate.</para>

</section>

<section id="gfdl-8"><title>TRANSLATION</title>

<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may

distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.

Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special

permission from their copyright holders, but you may include

translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the

original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a

translation of this License, and all the license notices in the

Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include

the original English version of this License and the original versions

of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between the

translation and the original version of this License or a notice or

disclaimer, the original version will prevail.</para>

<para>If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",

"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its

Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual

title.</para>

</section>

<section id="gfdl-9"><title>TERMINATION</title>

<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document

except as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt

to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will

automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,

parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License

will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain

in full compliance.</para>

</section>

<section id="gfdl-10"><title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>

<para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of

the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new versions

will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in

detail to address new problems or concerns.  See

http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.</para>

<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version

number.  If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of

this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option

of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version

or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the

Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version

number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not

as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.</para>

</section>

<section id="gfdl-addendum"><title>ADDENDUM: How to use this License for

  your documents</title>

<para>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy

of the License in the document and put the following copyright and

license notices just after the title page:</para>

<blockquote id="copyright-sample"><para>

    Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.

    Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

    under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2

    or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;

    with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.

    A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU

    Free Documentation License".

</para></blockquote>

<para>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover

Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:</para>

<blockquote id="inv-cover-sample"><para>

    with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the

    Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

</para></blockquote>

<para>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other

combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the

situation.</para>

<para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we

recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free

software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit

their use in free software.</para>

</section>

</appendix>