/* -*- C++ -*-

 * src/lemon/bin_heap.h - Part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library

 *

 * Copyright (C) 2005 Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport

 * (Egervary Combinatorial Optimization Research Group, EGRES).

 *

 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted

 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For

 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.

 *

 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,

 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any

 * purpose.

 *

 */

#ifndef LEMON_RADIX_HEAP_H

#define LEMON_RADIX_HEAP_H

///\ingroup auxdat

///\file

///\brief Radix Heap implementation.

///\todo It should be documented.

#include <vector>

#include <lemon/error.h>

namespace lemon {

  /// \addtogroup auxdat

  /// @{

   /// A Binary Heap implementation.

  ///\todo Please document...

  ///

  ///\sa BinHeap

  ///\sa Dijkstra

  class UnderFlowPriorityException : public RuntimeError {

  public:

    virtual const char* exceptionName() const {

      return "lemon::UnderFlowPriorityException";

    }  

  };

  template <typename _Item, typename _ItemIntMap>

  class RadixHeap {

  public:

    typedef _Item Item;

    // FIXME: stl-ben nem ezt hivjak value_type -nak, hanem a kovetkezot...

    typedef int Prio;

    typedef _ItemIntMap ItemIntMap;

    /**

     * Each Item element have a state associated to it. It may be "in heap",

     * "pre heap" or "post heap". The later two are indifferent from the

     * heap's point of view, but may be useful to the user.

     *

     * The ItemIntMap _should_ be initialized in such way, that it maps

     * PRE_HEAP (-1) to any element to be put in the heap...

     */

    ///\todo it is used nowhere

    ///

    enum state_enum {

      IN_HEAP = 0,

      PRE_HEAP = -1,

      POST_HEAP = -2

    };

  private:

    struct RadixItem {

      int prev, next, box;

      Item item;

      int prio;

      RadixItem(Item _item, int _prio) : item(_item), prio(_prio) {}

    };

    struct RadixBox {

      int first;

      int min, size;

      RadixBox(int _min, int _size) : first(-1), min(_min), size(_size) {}

    };

    std::vector<RadixItem> data;

    std::vector<RadixBox> boxes;

    ItemIntMap &iim;

  public:

    ///\e

    explicit RadixHeap(ItemIntMap &_iim) : iim(_iim) {

      boxes.push_back(RadixBox(0, 1));

      boxes.push_back(RadixBox(1, 1));

    }

    ///\e

    RadixHeap(ItemIntMap &_iim, int capacity) : iim(_iim) {

      boxes.push_back(RadixBox(0, 1));

      boxes.push_back(RadixBox(1, 1));

      while (upper(boxes.back(), capacity)) {

	extend();

      }

    }

    ///\e

    int size() const { return data.size(); }

    ///\e

    bool empty() const { return data.empty(); }

  private:

    bool upper(int box, Prio prio) {

      return prio < boxes[box].min;

    }

    bool lower(int box, Prio prio) {

      return prio >= boxes[box].min + boxes[box].size;

    }

    /// \brief Remove item from the box list.

    void remove(int index) {

      if (data[index].prev >= 0) {

	data[data[index].prev].next = data[index].next;

      } else {

	boxes[data[index].box].first = data[index].next;

      }

      if (data[index].next >= 0) {

	data[data[index].next].prev = data[index].prev;

      }

    }

    /// \brief Insert item into the box list.

    void insert(int box, int index) {

      if (boxes[box].first == -1) {

	boxes[box].first = index;

	data[index].next = data[index].prev = -1;

      } else {

	data[index].next = boxes[box].first;

	data[boxes[box].first].prev = index;

	data[index].prev = -1;

	boxes[box].first = index;

      }

      data[index].box = box;

    }

    /// \brief Add a new box to the box list.

    void extend() {

      int min = boxes.back().min + boxes.back().size;

      int size = 2 * boxes.back().size;

      boxes.push_back(RadixBox(min, size));

    }

    /// \brief Move an item up into the proper box.

    void bubble_up(int index) {

      if (!lower(data[index].box, index)) return;

      remove(index);

      int box = findUp(data[index].box, data[index].prio);

      insert(box, index);      

    }

    /// \brief Find up the proper box for the item with the given prio.

    int findUp(int start, int prio) {

      while (lower(start, prio)) {

	if (++start == (int)boxes.size()) {

	  extend();

	}

      }

      return start;

    }

    /// \brief Move an item down into the proper box.

    void bubble_down(int index) {

      if (!upper(data[index].box, data[index].prio)) return;

      remove(index);

      int box = findDown(data[index].box, data[index].prio);

      insert(box, index);

    }

    /// \brief Find up the proper box for the item with the given prio.

    int findDown(int start, int prio) {

      while (upper(start, prio)) {

	if (--start < 0) throw UnderFlowPriorityException();

      }

      return start;

    }

    /// \brief Find the first not empty box.

    int findFirst() {

      int first = 0;

      while (boxes[first].first == -1) ++first;

      return first;

    }

    /// \brief Gives back the minimal prio of the box.

    int minValue(int box) {

      int min = data[boxes[box].first].prio;

      for (int k = boxes[box].first; k != -1; k = data[k].next) {

	if (data[k].prio < min) min = data[k].prio;

      }

      return min;

    }

    /// \brief Rearrange the items of the heap and makes the 

    /// first box not empty.

    void moveDown() {

      //      print(); printf("moveDown\n"); fflush(stdout);       

      int box = findFirst();

      if (box == 0) return;

      int min = minValue(box);

      for (int i = 0; i <= box; ++i) {

	boxes[i].min = min;

	min += boxes[i].size;

      }

      int curr = boxes[box].first, next;

      while (curr != -1) {

	next = data[curr].next;

	bubble_down(curr);

	curr = next;

      }      

    }

    void relocate_last(int index) {

      if (index != (int)data.size() - 1) {

	data[index] = data.back();

	if (data[index].prev != -1) {

	  data[data[index].prev].next = index;

	} else {

	  boxes[data[index].box].first = index;

	}

	if (data[index].next != -1) {

	  data[data[index].next].prev = index;

	}

	iim[data[index].item] = index;

      }

      data.pop_back();

    }

  public:

    ///\e

    void push(const Item &i, const Prio &p) {

      fflush(stdout);

      int n = data.size();

      iim.set(i, n);

      data.push_back(RadixItem(i, p));

      while (lower(boxes.size() - 1, p)) {

	extend();

      }

      int box = findDown(boxes.size() - 1, p);

      insert(box, n);

      //      printf("Push %d\n", p);

      //print();

    }

    ///\e

    Item top() const {

      //      print(); printf("top\n");  fflush(stdout);

      const_cast<RadixHeap<Item, ItemIntMap>*>(this)->moveDown();

      return data[boxes[0].first].item;

      //      print(); printf("top_end\n");  fflush(stdout);

    }

    /// Returns the prio of the top element of the heap.

    Prio prio() const {

      //      print(); printf("prio\n"); fflush(stdout);

      const_cast<RadixHeap<Item, ItemIntMap>*>(this)->moveDown();

      return data[boxes[0].first].prio;

     }

    ///\e

    void pop() {

      //      print(); printf("pop\n"); fflush(stdout);

      moveDown();

      int index = boxes[0].first;

      iim[data[index].item] = POST_HEAP;

      remove(index);

      relocate_last(index);

      //      printf("Pop \n");

      //print();

    }

    ///\e

    void erase(const Item &i) {

      int index = iim[i];

      iim[i] = POST_HEAP;

      remove(index);

      relocate_last(index);

   }

    ///\e

    Prio operator[](const Item &i) const {

      int idx = iim[i];

      return data[idx].prio;

    }

    ///\e

    void set(const Item &i, const Prio &p) {

      int idx = iim[i];

      if( idx < 0 ) {

	push(i, p);

      }

      else if( p >= data[idx].prio ) {

	data[idx].prio = p;

	bubble_up(idx);

      } else {

	data[idx].prio = p;

	bubble_down(idx);

      }

    }

    ///\e

    void decrease(const Item &i, const Prio &p) {

      //      print(); printf("decrease\n"); fflush(stdout);

      int idx = iim[i];

      data[idx].prio = p;

      bubble_down(idx);

    }

    ///\e

    void increase(const Item &i, const Prio &p) {

      int idx = iim[i];

      data[idx].prio = p;

      bubble_up(idx);

    }

    ///\e

    state_enum state(const Item &i) const {

      int s = iim[i];

      if( s >= 0 ) s = 0;

      return state_enum(s);

    }

    void print() const {

      for (int i = 0; i < boxes.size(); ++i) {

	printf("(%d, %d) ", boxes[i].min, boxes[i].size);

	for (int k = boxes[i].first; k != -1; k = data[k].next) {

	  printf("%d ", data[k].prio);

	}

	printf("\n");

      }

      fflush(stdout);

    }

  }; // class RadixHeap

  ///@}

} // namespace lemon

#endif // LEMON_RADIX_HEAP_H