namespace lemon{

/*!

\page maps-page Maps

Maps play a central role in LEMON. As their name suggests, they map a

certain range of \e keys to certain \e values. Each map has two

<tt>typedef</tt>'s to determine the types of keys and values, like this:

\code

  typedef Edge Key;

  typedef double Value;

\endcode

A map can be 

\e readable (\ref lemon::concepts::ReadMap "ReadMap", for short),

\e writable (\ref lemon::concepts::WriteMap "WriteMap") or both

(\ref lemon::concepts::ReadWriteMap "ReadWriteMap").

There also exists a special type of

ReadWrite map called \ref lemon::concepts::ReferenceMap "reference map".

In addition that you can

read and write the values of a key, a reference map

can also give you a reference to the

value belonging to a key, so you have a direct access to the memory address

where it is stored.

Each graph structure in LEMON provides two standard map templates called

\c EdgeMap and \c NodeMap. Both are reference maps and you can easily

assign data to the nodes and to the edges of the graph. For example if you

have a graph \c g defined as

\code

  ListGraph g;

\endcode

and you want to assign a floating point value to each edge, you can do

it like this.

\code

  ListGraph::EdgeMap<double> length(g);

\endcode

Note that you must give the underlying graph to the constructor.

The value of a readable map can be obtained by <tt>operator[]</tt>.

\code

  d=length[e];

\endcode

where \c e is an instance of \c ListGraph::Edge.

(Or anything else

that converts to \c ListGraph::Edge, like  \c ListGraph::EdgeIt or

\c ListGraph::OutEdgeIt etc.)

There are two ways to assign a new value to a key

- In case of a <em>reference map</em> <tt>operator[]</tt>

gives you a reference to the

value, thus you can use this.

\code

  length[e]=3.5;

\endcode

- <em>Writable maps</em> have

a member function \c set(Key,const Value &)

for this purpose.

\code

  length.set(e,3.5);

\endcode

The first case is more comfortable and if you store complex structures in your

map, it might be more efficient. However, there are writable but

not reference maps, so if you want to write a generic algorithm, you should

insist on the second way.

\section how-to-write-your-own-map How to Write Your Own Maps

\subsection read-maps Readable Maps

Readable maps are very frequently used as the input of an

algorithm.  For this purpose the most straightforward way is the use of the

default maps provided by LEMON's graph structures.

Very often however, it is more

convenient and/or more efficient to write your own readable map.

You can find some examples below. In these examples \c Graph is the

type of the particular graph structure you use.

This simple map assigns \f$\pi\f$ to each edge.

\code

struct MyMap 

{

  typedef double Value;

  typedef Graph::Edge Key;

  double operator[](Key e) const { return M_PI;}

};

\endcode

An alternative way to define maps is to use \c MapBase

\code

struct MyMap : public MapBase<Graph::Edge,double>

{

  Value operator[](Key e) const { return M_PI;}

};

\endcode

Here is a bit more complex example.

It provides a length function obtained

from a base length function shifted by a potential difference.

\code

class ReducedLengthMap  : public MapBase<Graph::Edge,double>

{

  const Graph &g;

  const Graph::EdgeMap<double> &orig_len;

  const Graph::NodeMap<double> &pot;

public:

  Value operator[](Key e) const {

    return orig_len[e]-(pot[g.target(e)]-pot[g.source(e)]);

  }

  ReducedLengthMap(const Graph &_g,

                   const Graph::EdgeMap &_o,

                   const Graph::NodeMap &_p)

    : g(_g), orig_len(_o), pot(_p) {};

};

\endcode

Then, you can call e.g. Dijkstra algoritm on this map like this:

\code

  ...

  ReducedLengthMap rm(g,len,pot);

  Dijkstra<Graph,ReducedLengthMap> dij(g,rm);

  dij.run(s);

  ...

\endcode

\subsection write-maps Writable Maps

To be written...

\subsection side-effect-maps Maps with Side Effect

To be written...

*/

}