/* -*- C++ -*-

  *

  * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library

  *

  * Copyright (C) 2003-2007

  * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport

  * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).

  *

  * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted

  * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For

  * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.

  *

  * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,

  * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any

  * purpose.

  *

  */

 #ifndef LEMON_GOMORY_HU_TREE_H

 #define LEMON_GOMORY_HU_TREE_H

 #include <lemon/preflow.h>

 #include <lemon/concept_check.h>

 #include <lemon/concepts/maps.h>

 /// \ingroup min_cut

 /// \file 

 /// \brief Gomory-Hu cut tree in undirected graphs.

 namespace lemon {

   /// \ingroup min_cut

   ///

   /// \brief Gomory-Hu cut tree algorithm

   ///

   /// The Gomory-Hu tree is a tree on the nodeset of the graph, but it

   /// may contain edges which are not in the original graph. It helps

   /// to calculate the minimum cut between all pairs of nodes, because

   /// the minimum capacity edge on the tree path between two nodes has

   /// the same weight as the minimum cut in the graph between these

   /// nodes. Moreover this edge separates the nodes to two parts which

   /// determine this minimum cut.

   /// 

   /// The algorithm calculates \e n-1 distinict minimum cuts with

   /// preflow algorithm, therefore the algorithm has

   /// \f$(O(n^3\sqrt{e})\f$ overall time complexity. It calculates a

   /// rooted Gomory-Hu tree, the structure of the tree and the weights

   /// can be obtained with \c predNode() and \c predValue()

   /// functions. The \c minCutValue() and \c minCutMap() calculates

   /// the minimum cut and the minimum cut value between any two node

   /// in the graph.

   template <typename _UGraph, 

 	    typename _Capacity = typename _UGraph::template UEdgeMap<int> >

   class GomoryHuTree {

   public:

     /// The undirected graph type

     typedef _UGraph UGraph;

     /// The capacity on undirected edges

     typedef _Capacity Capacity;

     /// The value type of capacities

     typedef typename Capacity::Value Value;

   private:

     UGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(typename UGraph);

     const UGraph& _ugraph;

     const Capacity& _capacity;

     Node _root;

     typename UGraph::template NodeMap<Node>* _pred;

     typename UGraph::template NodeMap<Value>* _weight;

     typename UGraph::template NodeMap<int>* _order;

     void createStructures() {

       if (!_pred) {

 	_pred = new typename UGraph::template NodeMap<Node>(_ugraph);

       }

       if (!_weight) {

 	_weight = new typename UGraph::template NodeMap<Value>(_ugraph);

       }

       if (!_order) {

 	_order = new typename UGraph::template NodeMap<int>(_ugraph);

       }

     }

     void destroyStructures() {

       if (_pred) {

 	delete _pred;

       }

       if (_weight) {

 	delete _weight;

       }

       if (_order) {

 	delete _order;

       }

     }

   public:

     /// \brief Constructor

     ///

     /// Constructor

     /// \param ugraph The undirected graph type.

     /// \param capacity The capacity map.

     GomoryHuTree(const UGraph& ugraph, const Capacity& capacity) 

       : _ugraph(ugraph), _capacity(capacity),

 	_pred(0), _weight(0), _order(0) 

     {

       checkConcept<concepts::ReadMap<UEdge, Value>, Capacity>();

     }

     /// \brief Destructor

     ///

     /// Destructor

     ~GomoryHuTree() {

       destroyStructures();

     }

     /// \brief Initializes the internal data structures.

     ///

     /// Initializes the internal data structures.

     ///

     void init() {

       createStructures();

       _root = NodeIt(_ugraph);

       for (NodeIt n(_ugraph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

 	_pred->set(n, _root);

 	_order->set(n, -1);

       }

       _pred->set(_root, INVALID);

       _weight->set(_root, std::numeric_limits<Value>::max()); 

     }

     /// \brief Starts the algorithm

     ///

     /// Starts the algorithm.

     void start() {

       Preflow<UGraph, Capacity> fa(_ugraph, _capacity, _root, INVALID);

       for (NodeIt n(_ugraph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

 	if (n == _root) continue;

 	Node pn = (*_pred)[n];

 	fa.source(n);

 	fa.target(pn);

 	fa.runMinCut();

 	_weight->set(n, fa.flowValue());

 	for (NodeIt nn(_ugraph); nn != INVALID; ++nn) {

 	  if (nn != n && fa.minCut(nn) && (*_pred)[nn] == pn) {

 	    _pred->set(nn, n);

 	  }

 	}

 	if ((*_pred)[pn] != INVALID && fa.minCut((*_pred)[pn])) {

 	  _pred->set(n, (*_pred)[pn]);

 	  _pred->set(pn, n);

 	  _weight->set(n, (*_weight)[pn]);

 	  _weight->set(pn, fa.flowValue());	

 	}

       }

       _order->set(_root, 0);

       int index = 1;

       for (NodeIt n(_ugraph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

 	std::vector<Node> st;

 	Node nn = n;

 	while ((*_order)[nn] == -1) {

 	  st.push_back(nn);

 	  nn = (*_pred)[nn];

 	}

 	while (!st.empty()) {

 	  _order->set(st.back(), index++);

 	  st.pop_back();

 	}

       }

     }

     /// \brief Runs the Gomory-Hu algorithm.  

     ///

     /// Runs the Gomory-Hu algorithm.

     /// \note gh.run() is just a shortcut of the following code.

     /// \code

     ///   ght.init();

     ///   ght.start();

     /// \endcode

     void run() {

       init();

       start();

     }

     /// \brief Returns the predecessor node in the Gomory-Hu tree.

     ///

     /// Returns the predecessor node in the Gomory-Hu tree. If the node is

     /// the root of the Gomory-Hu tree, then it returns \c INVALID.

     Node predNode(const Node& node) {

       return (*_pred)[node];

     }

     /// \brief Returns the weight of the predecessor edge in the

     /// Gomory-Hu tree.

     ///

     /// Returns the weight of the predecessor edge in the Gomory-Hu

     /// tree.  If the node is the root of the Gomory-Hu tree, the

     /// result is undefined.

     Value predValue(const Node& node) {

       return (*_weight)[node];

     }

     /// \brief Returns the minimum cut value between two nodes

     ///

     /// Returns the minimum cut value between two nodes. The

     /// algorithm finds the nearest common ancestor in the Gomory-Hu

     /// tree and calculates the minimum weight edge on the paths to

     /// the ancestor.

     Value minCutValue(const Node& s, const Node& t) const {

       Node sn = s, tn = t;

       Value value = std::numeric_limits<Value>::max();

       while (sn != tn) {

 	if ((*_order)[sn] < (*_order)[tn]) {

 	  if ((*_weight)[tn] < value) value = (*_weight)[tn];

 	  tn = (*_pred)[tn];

 	} else {

 	  if ((*_weight)[sn] < value) value = (*_weight)[sn];

 	  sn = (*_pred)[sn];

 	}

       }

       return value;

     }

     /// \brief Returns the minimum cut between two nodes

     ///

     /// Returns the minimum cut value between two nodes. The

     /// algorithm finds the nearest common ancestor in the Gomory-Hu

     /// tree and calculates the minimum weight edge on the paths to

     /// the ancestor. Then it sets all nodes to the cut determined by

     /// this edge. The \c cutMap should be \ref concepts::ReadWriteMap

     /// "ReadWriteMap".

     template <typename CutMap>

     Value minCutMap(const Node& s, const Node& t, CutMap& cutMap) const {

       Node sn = s, tn = t;

       Node rn = INVALID;

       Value value = std::numeric_limits<Value>::max();

       while (sn != tn) {

 	if ((*_order)[sn] < (*_order)[tn]) {

 	  if ((*_weight)[tn] < value) {

 	    rn = tn;

 	    value = (*_weight)[tn];

 	  }

 	  tn = (*_pred)[tn];

 	} else {

 	  if ((*_weight)[sn] < value) {

 	    rn = sn;

 	    value = (*_weight)[sn];

 	  }

 	  sn = (*_pred)[sn];

 	}

       }

       typename UGraph::template NodeMap<bool> reached(_ugraph, false);

       reached.set(_root, true);

       cutMap.set(_root, false);

       reached.set(rn, true);

       cutMap.set(rn, true);

       for (NodeIt n(_ugraph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

 	std::vector<Node> st;

 	Node nn = n;

 	while (!reached[nn]) {

 	  st.push_back(nn);

 	  nn = (*_pred)[nn];

 	}

 	while (!st.empty()) {

 	  cutMap.set(st.back(), cutMap[nn]);

 	  st.pop_back();

 	}

       }

       return value;

     }

   };

 }

 #endif