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1.4 -
1.5 -@node GNU Free Documentation License
1.6 -@appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License
1.7 -
1.8 -@cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License
1.9 -@center Version 1.2, November 2002
1.10 -
1.11 -@display
1.12 -Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
1.13 -59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
1.14 -
1.15 -Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
1.16 -of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
1.17 -@end display
1.18 -
1.19 -@enumerate 0
1.20 -@item
1.21 -PREAMBLE
1.22 -
1.23 -The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
1.24 -functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
1.25 -assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
1.26 -with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
1.27 -Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
1.28 -to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
1.29 -for modifications made by others.
1.30 -
1.31 -This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
1.32 -works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
1.33 -complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
1.34 -license designed for free software.
1.35 -
1.36 -We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
1.37 -software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
1.38 -program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
1.39 -software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
1.40 -it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
1.41 -whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
1.42 -principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1.43 -
1.44 -@item
1.45 -APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
1.46 -
1.47 -This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
1.48 -contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
1.49 -distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
1.50 -world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
1.51 -work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below,
1.52 -refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
1.53 -licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you
1.54 -copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
1.55 -under copyright law.
1.56 -
1.57 -A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
1.58 -Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
1.59 -modifications and/or translated into another language.
1.60 -
1.61 -A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
1.62 -of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
1.63 -publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
1.64 -subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
1.65 -directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
1.66 -part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
1.67 -any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
1.68 -connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
1.69 -commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
1.70 -them.
1.71 -
1.72 -The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
1.73 -are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
1.74 -that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
1.75 -section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
1.76 -allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
1.77 -Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
1.78 -Sections then there are none.
1.79 -
1.80 -The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
1.81 -as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
1.82 -the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
1.83 -be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
1.84 -
1.85 -A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
1.86 -represented in a format whose specification is available to the
1.87 -general public, that is suitable for revising the document
1.88 -straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
1.89 -pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
1.90 -drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
1.91 -for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
1.92 -to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
1.93 -format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
1.94 -or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
1.95 -An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
1.96 -of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
1.97 -
1.98 -Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
1.99 -@sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
1.100 -format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
1.101 -@acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML},
1.102 -PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples
1.103 -of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
1.104 -@acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
1.105 -read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
1.106 -@acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are
1.107 -not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
1.108 -PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
1.109 -output purposes only.
1.110 -
1.111 -The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
1.112 -plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
1.113 -this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
1.114 -formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
1.115 -the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
1.116 -preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
1.117 -
1.118 -A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
1.119 -title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
1.120 -text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
1.121 -specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
1.122 -``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title''
1.123 -of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
1.124 -section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
1.125 -
1.126 -The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
1.127 -states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
1.128 -Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
1.129 -License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
1.130 -implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
1.131 -no effect on the meaning of this License.
1.132 -
1.133 -@item
1.134 -VERBATIM COPYING
1.135 -
1.136 -You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
1.137 -commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
1.138 -copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
1.139 -to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
1.140 -conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
1.141 -technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
1.142 -copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
1.143 -compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
1.144 -number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
1.145 -
1.146 -You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
1.147 -you may publicly display copies.
1.148 -
1.149 -@item
1.150 -COPYING IN QUANTITY
1.151 -
1.152 -If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
1.153 -printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
1.154 -Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
1.155 -copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
1.156 -Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
1.157 -the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
1.158 -you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
1.159 -the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
1.160 -visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
1.161 -Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
1.162 -the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
1.163 -as verbatim copying in other respects.
1.164 -
1.165 -If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
1.166 -legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
1.167 -reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
1.168 -pages.
1.169 -
1.170 -If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
1.171 -more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
1.172 -copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
1.173 -a computer-network location from which the general network-using
1.174 -public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
1.175 -a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
1.176 -If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
1.177 -when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
1.178 -that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
1.179 -location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
1.180 -Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
1.181 -edition to the public.
1.182 -
1.183 -It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
1.184 -Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
1.185 -them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
1.186 -
1.187 -@item
1.188 -MODIFICATIONS
1.189 -
1.190 -You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
1.191 -the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
1.192 -the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
1.193 -Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
1.194 -and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
1.195 -of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
1.196 -
1.197 -@enumerate A
1.198 -@item
1.199 -Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
1.200 -from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
1.201 -(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
1.202 -of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
1.203 -if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
1.204 -
1.205 -@item
1.206 -List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
1.207 -responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
1.208 -Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
1.209 -Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
1.210 -unless they release you from this requirement.
1.211 -
1.212 -@item
1.213 -State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
1.214 -Modified Version, as the publisher.
1.215 -
1.216 -@item
1.217 -Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
1.218 -
1.219 -@item
1.220 -Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
1.221 -adjacent to the other copyright notices.
1.222 -
1.223 -@item
1.224 -Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
1.225 -giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
1.226 -terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
1.227 -
1.228 -@item
1.229 -Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
1.230 -and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
1.231 -
1.232 -@item
1.233 -Include an unaltered copy of this License.
1.234 -
1.235 -@item
1.236 -Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
1.237 -to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
1.238 -publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
1.239 -there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
1.240 -stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
1.241 -given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
1.242 -Version as stated in the previous sentence.
1.243 -
1.244 -@item
1.245 -Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
1.246 -public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
1.247 -the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
1.248 -it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
1.249 -You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
1.250 -least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
1.251 -publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
1.252 -
1.253 -@item
1.254 -For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
1.255 -the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
1.256 -substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
1.257 -dedications given therein.
1.258 -
1.259 -@item
1.260 -Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
1.261 -unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
1.262 -or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
1.263 -
1.264 -@item
1.265 -Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
1.266 -may not be included in the Modified Version.
1.267 -
1.268 -@item
1.269 -Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
1.270 -to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
1.271 -
1.272 -@item
1.273 -Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
1.274 -@end enumerate
1.275 -
1.276 -If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
1.277 -appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
1.278 -copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
1.279 -of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
1.280 -list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
1.281 -These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
1.282 -
1.283 -You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
1.284 -nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
1.285 -parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
1.286 -been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
1.287 -standard.
1.288 -
1.289 -You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
1.290 -passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
1.291 -of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
1.292 -Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
1.293 -through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
1.294 -includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
1.295 -by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
1.296 -you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
1.297 -permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
1.298 -
1.299 -The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
1.300 -give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
1.301 -imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
1.302 -
1.303 -@item
1.304 -COMBINING DOCUMENTS
1.305 -
1.306 -You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
1.307 -License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
1.308 -versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
1.309 -Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
1.310 -list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
1.311 -license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
1.312 -
1.313 -The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
1.314 -multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
1.315 -copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
1.316 -different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
1.317 -adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
1.318 -author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
1.319 -Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
1.320 -Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
1.321 -
1.322 -In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
1.323 -in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
1.324 -``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
1.325 -and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all
1.326 -sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
1.327 -
1.328 -@item
1.329 -COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
1.330 -
1.331 -You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
1.332 -released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
1.333 -License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
1.334 -the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
1.335 -verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
1.336 -
1.337 -You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
1.338 -it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
1.339 -License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
1.340 -other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
1.341 -
1.342 -@item
1.343 -AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
1.344 -
1.345 -A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
1.346 -and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
1.347 -distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
1.348 -resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
1.349 -of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
1.350 -When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
1.351 -apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
1.352 -derivative works of the Document.
1.353 -
1.354 -If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
1.355 -copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
1.356 -the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
1.357 -covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
1.358 -electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
1.359 -Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
1.360 -aggregate.
1.361 -
1.362 -@item
1.363 -TRANSLATION
1.364 -
1.365 -Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
1.366 -distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
1.367 -Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
1.368 -permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
1.369 -translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
1.370 -original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
1.371 -translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
1.372 -Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
1.373 -the original English version of this License and the original versions
1.374 -of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
1.375 -the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
1.376 -or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
1.377 -
1.378 -If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
1.379 -``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
1.380 -its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
1.381 -title.
1.382 -
1.383 -@item
1.384 -TERMINATION
1.385 -
1.386 -You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
1.387 -as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
1.388 -copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
1.389 -automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
1.390 -parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
1.391 -License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
1.392 -parties remain in full compliance.
1.393 -
1.394 -@item
1.395 -FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
1.396 -
1.397 -The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
1.398 -of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
1.399 -versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
1.400 -differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
1.401 -@uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
1.402 -
1.403 -Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
1.404 -If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
1.405 -License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
1.406 -following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
1.407 -of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
1.408 -Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
1.409 -number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
1.410 -as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
1.411 -@end enumerate
1.412 -
1.413 -@page
1.414 -@appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
1.415 -
1.416 -To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
1.417 -the License in the document and put the following copyright and
1.418 -license notices just after the title page:
1.419 -
1.420 -@smallexample
1.421 -@group
1.422 - Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
1.423 - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
1.424 - under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
1.425 - or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
1.426 - with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
1.427 - Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
1.428 - Free Documentation License''.
1.429 -@end group
1.430 -@end smallexample
1.431 -
1.432 -If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
1.433 -replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this:
1.434 -
1.435 -@smallexample
1.436 -@group
1.437 - with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
1.438 - the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
1.439 - being @var{list}.
1.440 -@end group
1.441 -@end smallexample
1.442 -
1.443 -If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
1.444 -combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
1.445 -situation.
1.446 -
1.447 -If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
1.448 -recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
1.449 -free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
1.450 -to permit their use in free software.
1.451 -
1.452 -@c Local Variables:
1.453 -@c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
1.454 -@c End:
1.455 -