doc/fdl.texi
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     1 
     2 @node GNU Free Documentation License
     3 @appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License
     4 
     5 @cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License
     6 @center Version 1.2, November 2002
     7 
     8 @display
     9 Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    10 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
    11 
    12 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
    13 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
    14 @end display
    15 
    16 @enumerate 0
    17 @item
    18 PREAMBLE
    19 
    20 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
    21 functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
    22 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
    23 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
    24 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
    25 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
    26 for modifications made by others.
    27 
    28 This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
    29 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
    30 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
    31 license designed for free software.
    32 
    33 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
    34 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
    35 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
    36 software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
    37 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
    38 whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
    39 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
    40 
    41 @item
    42 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
    43 
    44 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
    45 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
    46 distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
    47 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
    48 work under the conditions stated herein.  The ``Document'', below,
    49 refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
    50 licensee, and is addressed as ``you''.  You accept the license if you
    51 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
    52 under copyright law.
    53 
    54 A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
    55 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
    56 modifications and/or translated into another language.
    57 
    58 A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
    59 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
    60 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
    61 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
    62 directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
    63 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
    64 any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
    65 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
    66 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
    67 them.
    68 
    69 The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
    70 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
    71 that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
    72 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
    73 allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
    74 Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
    75 Sections then there are none.
    76 
    77 The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
    78 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
    79 the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
    80 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
    81 
    82 A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
    83 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
    84 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
    85 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
    86 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
    87 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
    88 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
    89 to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
    90 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
    91 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
    92 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
    93 of text.  A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
    94 
    95 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
    96 @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
    97 format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
    98 @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML},
    99 PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification.  Examples
   100 of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
   101 @acronym{JPG}.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
   102 read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
   103 @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are
   104 not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
   105 PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
   106 output purposes only.
   107 
   108 The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
   109 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
   110 this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
   111 formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
   112 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
   113 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
   114 
   115 A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
   116 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
   117 text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
   118 specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
   119 ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.)  To ``Preserve the Title''
   120 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
   121 section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
   122 
   123 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
   124 states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
   125 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
   126 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
   127 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
   128 no effect on the meaning of this License.
   129 
   130 @item
   131 VERBATIM COPYING
   132 
   133 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
   134 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
   135 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
   136 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
   137 conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
   138 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
   139 copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
   140 compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
   141 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
   142 
   143 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
   144 you may publicly display copies.
   145 
   146 @item
   147 COPYING IN QUANTITY
   148 
   149 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
   150 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
   151 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
   152 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
   153 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
   154 the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
   155 you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
   156 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
   157 visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
   158 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
   159 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
   160 as verbatim copying in other respects.
   161 
   162 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
   163 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
   164 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
   165 pages.
   166 
   167 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
   168 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
   169 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
   170 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
   171 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
   172 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
   173 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
   174 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
   175 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
   176 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
   177 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
   178 edition to the public.
   179 
   180 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
   181 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
   182 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
   183 
   184 @item
   185 MODIFICATIONS
   186 
   187 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
   188 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
   189 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
   190 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
   191 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
   192 of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
   193 
   194 @enumerate A
   195 @item
   196 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
   197 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
   198 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
   199 of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
   200 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
   201 
   202 @item
   203 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
   204 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
   205 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
   206 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
   207 unless they release you from this requirement.
   208 
   209 @item
   210 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
   211 Modified Version, as the publisher.
   212 
   213 @item
   214 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
   215 
   216 @item
   217 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
   218 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
   219 
   220 @item
   221 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
   222 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
   223 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
   224 
   225 @item
   226 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
   227 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
   228 
   229 @item
   230 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
   231 
   232 @item
   233 Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
   234 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
   235 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
   236 there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
   237 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
   238 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
   239 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
   240 
   241 @item
   242 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
   243 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
   244 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
   245 it was based on.  These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
   246 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
   247 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
   248 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
   249 
   250 @item
   251 For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
   252 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
   253 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
   254 dedications given therein.
   255 
   256 @item
   257 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
   258 unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
   259 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
   260 
   261 @item
   262 Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a section
   263 may not be included in the Modified Version.
   264 
   265 @item
   266 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
   267 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
   268 
   269 @item
   270 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
   271 @end enumerate
   272 
   273 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
   274 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
   275 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
   276 of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
   277 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
   278 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
   279 
   280 You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
   281 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
   282 parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
   283 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
   284 standard.
   285 
   286 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
   287 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
   288 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
   289 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
   290 through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
   291 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
   292 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
   293 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
   294 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
   295 
   296 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
   297 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
   298 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
   299 
   300 @item
   301 COMBINING DOCUMENTS
   302 
   303 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
   304 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
   305 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
   306 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
   307 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
   308 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
   309 
   310 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
   311 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
   312 copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
   313 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
   314 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
   315 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
   316 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
   317 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
   318 
   319 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
   320 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
   321 ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
   322 and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all
   323 sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
   324 
   325 @item
   326 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
   327 
   328 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
   329 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
   330 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
   331 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
   332 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
   333 
   334 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
   335 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
   336 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
   337 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
   338 
   339 @item
   340 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
   341 
   342 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
   343 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
   344 distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
   345 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
   346 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
   347 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
   348 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
   349 derivative works of the Document.
   350 
   351 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
   352 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
   353 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
   354 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
   355 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
   356 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
   357 aggregate.
   358 
   359 @item
   360 TRANSLATION
   361 
   362 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
   363 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
   364 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
   365 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
   366 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
   367 original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
   368 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
   369 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
   370 the original English version of this License and the original versions
   371 of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
   372 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
   373 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
   374 
   375 If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
   376 ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
   377 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
   378 title.
   379 
   380 @item
   381 TERMINATION
   382 
   383 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
   384 as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
   385 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
   386 automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
   387 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
   388 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
   389 parties remain in full compliance.
   390 
   391 @item
   392 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
   393 
   394 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
   395 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
   396 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
   397 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
   398 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
   399 
   400 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
   401 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
   402 License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
   403 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
   404 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
   405 Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
   406 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
   407 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
   408 @end enumerate
   409 
   410 @page
   411 @appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
   412 
   413 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
   414 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
   415 license notices just after the title page:
   416 
   417 @smallexample
   418 @group
   419   Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.
   420   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
   421   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
   422   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
   423   with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
   424   Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
   425   Free Documentation License''.
   426 @end group
   427 @end smallexample
   428 
   429 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
   430 replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this:
   431 
   432 @smallexample
   433 @group
   434     with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
   435     the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
   436     being @var{list}.
   437 @end group
   438 @end smallexample
   439 
   440 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
   441 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
   442 situation.
   443 
   444 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
   445 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
   446 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
   447 to permit their use in free software.
   448 
   449 @c Local Variables:
   450 @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
   451 @c End:
   452