alpar@464: alpar@464: @node GNU Free Documentation License alpar@464: @appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License alpar@464: alpar@464: @cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License alpar@464: @center Version 1.2, November 2002 alpar@464: alpar@464: @display alpar@464: Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. alpar@464: 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA alpar@464: alpar@464: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies alpar@464: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. alpar@464: @end display alpar@464: alpar@464: @enumerate 0 alpar@464: @item alpar@464: PREAMBLE alpar@464: alpar@464: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other alpar@464: functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to alpar@464: assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, alpar@464: with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. alpar@464: Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way alpar@464: to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible alpar@464: for modifications made by others. alpar@464: alpar@464: This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative alpar@464: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It alpar@464: complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft alpar@464: license designed for free software. alpar@464: alpar@464: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free alpar@464: software, because free software needs free documentation: a free alpar@464: program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the alpar@464: software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; alpar@464: it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or alpar@464: whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License alpar@464: principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS alpar@464: alpar@464: This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that alpar@464: contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be alpar@464: distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a alpar@464: world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that alpar@464: work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, alpar@464: refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a alpar@464: licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you alpar@464: copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission alpar@464: under copyright law. alpar@464: alpar@464: A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the alpar@464: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with alpar@464: modifications and/or translated into another language. alpar@464: alpar@464: A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section alpar@464: of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the alpar@464: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall alpar@464: subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall alpar@464: directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in alpar@464: part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain alpar@464: any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical alpar@464: connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, alpar@464: commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding alpar@464: them. alpar@464: alpar@464: The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles alpar@464: are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice alpar@464: that says that the Document is released under this License. If a alpar@464: section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not alpar@464: allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero alpar@464: Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant alpar@464: Sections then there are none. alpar@464: alpar@464: The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, alpar@464: as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that alpar@464: the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may alpar@464: be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. alpar@464: alpar@464: A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, alpar@464: represented in a format whose specification is available to the alpar@464: general public, that is suitable for revising the document alpar@464: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of alpar@464: pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available alpar@464: drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or alpar@464: for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input alpar@464: to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file alpar@464: format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart alpar@464: or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. alpar@464: An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount alpar@464: of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''. alpar@464: alpar@464: Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain alpar@464: @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input alpar@464: format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available alpar@464: @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML}, alpar@464: PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples alpar@464: of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and alpar@464: @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be alpar@464: read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or alpar@464: @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are alpar@464: not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML}, alpar@464: PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for alpar@464: output purposes only. alpar@464: alpar@464: The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, alpar@464: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material alpar@464: this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in alpar@464: formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means alpar@464: the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, alpar@464: preceding the beginning of the body of the text. alpar@464: alpar@464: A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose alpar@464: title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following alpar@464: text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a alpar@464: specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', alpar@464: ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' alpar@464: of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a alpar@464: section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. alpar@464: alpar@464: The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which alpar@464: states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty alpar@464: Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this alpar@464: License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other alpar@464: implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has alpar@464: no effect on the meaning of this License. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: VERBATIM COPYING alpar@464: alpar@464: You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either alpar@464: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the alpar@464: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies alpar@464: to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other alpar@464: conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use alpar@464: technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further alpar@464: copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept alpar@464: compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough alpar@464: number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. alpar@464: alpar@464: You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and alpar@464: you may publicly display copies. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: COPYING IN QUANTITY alpar@464: alpar@464: If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have alpar@464: printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the alpar@464: Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the alpar@464: copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover alpar@464: Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on alpar@464: the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify alpar@464: you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present alpar@464: the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and alpar@464: visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. alpar@464: Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve alpar@464: the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated alpar@464: as verbatim copying in other respects. alpar@464: alpar@464: If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit alpar@464: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit alpar@464: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent alpar@464: pages. alpar@464: alpar@464: If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering alpar@464: more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent alpar@464: copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy alpar@464: a computer-network location from which the general network-using alpar@464: public has access to download using public-standard network protocols alpar@464: a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. alpar@464: If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, alpar@464: when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure alpar@464: that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated alpar@464: location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an alpar@464: Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that alpar@464: edition to the public. alpar@464: alpar@464: It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the alpar@464: Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give alpar@464: them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: MODIFICATIONS alpar@464: alpar@464: You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under alpar@464: the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release alpar@464: the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified alpar@464: Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution alpar@464: and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy alpar@464: of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: alpar@464: alpar@464: @enumerate A alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct alpar@464: from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions alpar@464: (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section alpar@464: of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version alpar@464: if the original publisher of that version gives permission. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities alpar@464: responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified alpar@464: Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the alpar@464: Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), alpar@464: unless they release you from this requirement. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the alpar@464: Modified Version, as the publisher. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications alpar@464: adjacent to the other copyright notices. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice alpar@464: giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the alpar@464: terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections alpar@464: and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Include an unaltered copy of this License. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add alpar@464: to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and alpar@464: publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If alpar@464: there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one alpar@464: stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as alpar@464: given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified alpar@464: Version as stated in the previous sentence. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for alpar@464: public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise alpar@464: the network locations given in the Document for previous versions alpar@464: it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. alpar@464: You may omit a network location for a work that was published at alpar@464: least four years before the Document itself, or if the original alpar@464: publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve alpar@464: the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the alpar@464: substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or alpar@464: dedications given therein. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, alpar@464: unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers alpar@464: or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section alpar@464: may not be included in the Modified Version. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or alpar@464: to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. alpar@464: @end enumerate alpar@464: alpar@464: If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or alpar@464: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material alpar@464: copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all alpar@464: of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the alpar@464: list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. alpar@464: These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. alpar@464: alpar@464: You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains alpar@464: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various alpar@464: parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has alpar@464: been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a alpar@464: standard. alpar@464: alpar@464: You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a alpar@464: passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list alpar@464: of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of alpar@464: Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or alpar@464: through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already alpar@464: includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or alpar@464: by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, alpar@464: you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit alpar@464: permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. alpar@464: alpar@464: The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License alpar@464: give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or alpar@464: imply endorsement of any Modified Version. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: COMBINING DOCUMENTS alpar@464: alpar@464: You may combine the Document with other documents released under this alpar@464: License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified alpar@464: versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the alpar@464: Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and alpar@464: list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its alpar@464: license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. alpar@464: alpar@464: The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and alpar@464: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single alpar@464: copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but alpar@464: different contents, make the title of each such section unique by alpar@464: adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original alpar@464: author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. alpar@464: Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of alpar@464: Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. alpar@464: alpar@464: In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' alpar@464: in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled alpar@464: ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', alpar@464: and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all alpar@464: sections Entitled ``Endorsements.'' alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS alpar@464: alpar@464: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents alpar@464: released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this alpar@464: License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in alpar@464: the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for alpar@464: verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. alpar@464: alpar@464: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute alpar@464: it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this alpar@464: License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all alpar@464: other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS alpar@464: alpar@464: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate alpar@464: and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or alpar@464: distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright alpar@464: resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights alpar@464: of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. alpar@464: When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not alpar@464: apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves alpar@464: derivative works of the Document. alpar@464: alpar@464: If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these alpar@464: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of alpar@464: the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on alpar@464: covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the alpar@464: electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. alpar@464: Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole alpar@464: aggregate. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: TRANSLATION alpar@464: alpar@464: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may alpar@464: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. alpar@464: Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special alpar@464: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include alpar@464: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the alpar@464: original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a alpar@464: translation of this License, and all the license notices in the alpar@464: Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include alpar@464: the original English version of this License and the original versions alpar@464: of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between alpar@464: the translation and the original version of this License or a notice alpar@464: or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. alpar@464: alpar@464: If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', alpar@464: ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve alpar@464: its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual alpar@464: title. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: TERMINATION alpar@464: alpar@464: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except alpar@464: as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to alpar@464: copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will alpar@464: automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, alpar@464: parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this alpar@464: License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such alpar@464: parties remain in full compliance. alpar@464: alpar@464: @item alpar@464: FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE alpar@464: alpar@464: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions alpar@464: of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new alpar@464: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may alpar@464: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See alpar@464: @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}. alpar@464: alpar@464: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. alpar@464: If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this alpar@464: License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of alpar@464: following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or alpar@464: of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the alpar@464: Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version alpar@464: number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not alpar@464: as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. alpar@464: @end enumerate alpar@464: alpar@464: @page alpar@464: @appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents alpar@464: alpar@464: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of alpar@464: the License in the document and put the following copyright and alpar@464: license notices just after the title page: alpar@464: alpar@464: @smallexample alpar@464: @group alpar@464: Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. alpar@464: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document alpar@464: under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 alpar@464: or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; alpar@464: with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover alpar@464: Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU alpar@464: Free Documentation License''. alpar@464: @end group alpar@464: @end smallexample alpar@464: alpar@464: If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, alpar@464: replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this: alpar@464: alpar@464: @smallexample alpar@464: @group alpar@464: with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with alpar@464: the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts alpar@464: being @var{list}. alpar@464: @end group alpar@464: @end smallexample alpar@464: alpar@464: If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other alpar@464: combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the alpar@464: situation. alpar@464: alpar@464: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we alpar@464: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of alpar@464: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, alpar@464: to permit their use in free software. alpar@464: alpar@464: @c Local Variables: alpar@464: @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" alpar@464: @c End: alpar@464: