alpar@25: alpar@25: @node GNU Free Documentation License alpar@25: @appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License alpar@25: alpar@25: @cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License alpar@25: @center Version 1.2, November 2002 alpar@25: alpar@25: @display alpar@25: Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. alpar@25: 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA alpar@25: alpar@25: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies alpar@25: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. alpar@25: @end display alpar@25: alpar@25: @enumerate 0 alpar@25: @item alpar@25: PREAMBLE alpar@25: alpar@25: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other alpar@25: functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to alpar@25: assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, alpar@25: with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. alpar@25: Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way alpar@25: to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible alpar@25: for modifications made by others. alpar@25: alpar@25: This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative alpar@25: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It alpar@25: complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft alpar@25: license designed for free software. alpar@25: alpar@25: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free alpar@25: software, because free software needs free documentation: a free alpar@25: program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the alpar@25: software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; alpar@25: it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or alpar@25: whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License alpar@25: principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS alpar@25: alpar@25: This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that alpar@25: contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be alpar@25: distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a alpar@25: world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that alpar@25: work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, alpar@25: refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a alpar@25: licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you alpar@25: copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission alpar@25: under copyright law. alpar@25: alpar@25: A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the alpar@25: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with alpar@25: modifications and/or translated into another language. alpar@25: alpar@25: A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section alpar@25: of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the alpar@25: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall alpar@25: subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall alpar@25: directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in alpar@25: part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain alpar@25: any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical alpar@25: connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, alpar@25: commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding alpar@25: them. alpar@25: alpar@25: The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles alpar@25: are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice alpar@25: that says that the Document is released under this License. If a alpar@25: section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not alpar@25: allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero alpar@25: Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant alpar@25: Sections then there are none. alpar@25: alpar@25: The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, alpar@25: as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that alpar@25: the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may alpar@25: be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. alpar@25: alpar@25: A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, alpar@25: represented in a format whose specification is available to the alpar@25: general public, that is suitable for revising the document alpar@25: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of alpar@25: pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available alpar@25: drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or alpar@25: for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input alpar@25: to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file alpar@25: format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart alpar@25: or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. alpar@25: An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount alpar@25: of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''. alpar@25: alpar@25: Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain alpar@25: @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input alpar@25: format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available alpar@25: @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML}, alpar@25: PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples alpar@25: of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and alpar@25: @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be alpar@25: read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or alpar@25: @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are alpar@25: not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML}, alpar@25: PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for alpar@25: output purposes only. alpar@25: alpar@25: The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, alpar@25: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material alpar@25: this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in alpar@25: formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means alpar@25: the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, alpar@25: preceding the beginning of the body of the text. alpar@25: alpar@25: A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose alpar@25: title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following alpar@25: text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a alpar@25: specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', alpar@25: ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' alpar@25: of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a alpar@25: section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. alpar@25: alpar@25: The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which alpar@25: states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty alpar@25: Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this alpar@25: License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other alpar@25: implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has alpar@25: no effect on the meaning of this License. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: VERBATIM COPYING alpar@25: alpar@25: You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either alpar@25: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the alpar@25: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies alpar@25: to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other alpar@25: conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use alpar@25: technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further alpar@25: copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept alpar@25: compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough alpar@25: number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. alpar@25: alpar@25: You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and alpar@25: you may publicly display copies. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: COPYING IN QUANTITY alpar@25: alpar@25: If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have alpar@25: printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the alpar@25: Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the alpar@25: copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover alpar@25: Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on alpar@25: the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify alpar@25: you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present alpar@25: the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and alpar@25: visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. alpar@25: Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve alpar@25: the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated alpar@25: as verbatim copying in other respects. alpar@25: alpar@25: If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit alpar@25: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit alpar@25: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent alpar@25: pages. alpar@25: alpar@25: If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering alpar@25: more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent alpar@25: copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy alpar@25: a computer-network location from which the general network-using alpar@25: public has access to download using public-standard network protocols alpar@25: a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. alpar@25: If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, alpar@25: when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure alpar@25: that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated alpar@25: location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an alpar@25: Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that alpar@25: edition to the public. alpar@25: alpar@25: It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the alpar@25: Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give alpar@25: them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: MODIFICATIONS alpar@25: alpar@25: You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under alpar@25: the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release alpar@25: the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified alpar@25: Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution alpar@25: and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy alpar@25: of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: alpar@25: alpar@25: @enumerate A alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct alpar@25: from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions alpar@25: (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section alpar@25: of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version alpar@25: if the original publisher of that version gives permission. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities alpar@25: responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified alpar@25: Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the alpar@25: Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), alpar@25: unless they release you from this requirement. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the alpar@25: Modified Version, as the publisher. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications alpar@25: adjacent to the other copyright notices. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice alpar@25: giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the alpar@25: terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections alpar@25: and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Include an unaltered copy of this License. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add alpar@25: to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and alpar@25: publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If alpar@25: there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one alpar@25: stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as alpar@25: given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified alpar@25: Version as stated in the previous sentence. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for alpar@25: public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise alpar@25: the network locations given in the Document for previous versions alpar@25: it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. alpar@25: You may omit a network location for a work that was published at alpar@25: least four years before the Document itself, or if the original alpar@25: publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve alpar@25: the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the alpar@25: substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or alpar@25: dedications given therein. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, alpar@25: unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers alpar@25: or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section alpar@25: may not be included in the Modified Version. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or alpar@25: to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. alpar@25: @end enumerate alpar@25: alpar@25: If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or alpar@25: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material alpar@25: copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all alpar@25: of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the alpar@25: list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. alpar@25: These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. alpar@25: alpar@25: You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains alpar@25: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various alpar@25: parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has alpar@25: been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a alpar@25: standard. alpar@25: alpar@25: You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a alpar@25: passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list alpar@25: of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of alpar@25: Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or alpar@25: through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already alpar@25: includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or alpar@25: by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, alpar@25: you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit alpar@25: permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. alpar@25: alpar@25: The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License alpar@25: give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or alpar@25: imply endorsement of any Modified Version. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: COMBINING DOCUMENTS alpar@25: alpar@25: You may combine the Document with other documents released under this alpar@25: License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified alpar@25: versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the alpar@25: Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and alpar@25: list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its alpar@25: license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. alpar@25: alpar@25: The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and alpar@25: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single alpar@25: copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but alpar@25: different contents, make the title of each such section unique by alpar@25: adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original alpar@25: author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. alpar@25: Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of alpar@25: Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. alpar@25: alpar@25: In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' alpar@25: in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled alpar@25: ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', alpar@25: and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all alpar@25: sections Entitled ``Endorsements.'' alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS alpar@25: alpar@25: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents alpar@25: released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this alpar@25: License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in alpar@25: the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for alpar@25: verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. alpar@25: alpar@25: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute alpar@25: it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this alpar@25: License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all alpar@25: other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS alpar@25: alpar@25: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate alpar@25: and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or alpar@25: distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright alpar@25: resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights alpar@25: of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. alpar@25: When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not alpar@25: apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves alpar@25: derivative works of the Document. alpar@25: alpar@25: If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these alpar@25: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of alpar@25: the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on alpar@25: covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the alpar@25: electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. alpar@25: Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole alpar@25: aggregate. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: TRANSLATION alpar@25: alpar@25: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may alpar@25: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. alpar@25: Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special alpar@25: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include alpar@25: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the alpar@25: original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a alpar@25: translation of this License, and all the license notices in the alpar@25: Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include alpar@25: the original English version of this License and the original versions alpar@25: of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between alpar@25: the translation and the original version of this License or a notice alpar@25: or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. alpar@25: alpar@25: If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', alpar@25: ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve alpar@25: its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual alpar@25: title. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: TERMINATION alpar@25: alpar@25: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except alpar@25: as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to alpar@25: copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will alpar@25: automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, alpar@25: parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this alpar@25: License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such alpar@25: parties remain in full compliance. alpar@25: alpar@25: @item alpar@25: FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE alpar@25: alpar@25: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions alpar@25: of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new alpar@25: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may alpar@25: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See alpar@25: @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}. alpar@25: alpar@25: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. alpar@25: If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this alpar@25: License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of alpar@25: following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or alpar@25: of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the alpar@25: Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version alpar@25: number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not alpar@25: as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. alpar@25: @end enumerate alpar@25: alpar@25: @page alpar@25: @appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents alpar@25: alpar@25: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of alpar@25: the License in the document and put the following copyright and alpar@25: license notices just after the title page: alpar@25: alpar@25: @smallexample alpar@25: @group alpar@25: Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. alpar@25: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document alpar@25: under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 alpar@25: or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; alpar@25: with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover alpar@25: Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU alpar@25: Free Documentation License''. alpar@25: @end group alpar@25: @end smallexample alpar@25: alpar@25: If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, alpar@25: replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this: alpar@25: alpar@25: @smallexample alpar@25: @group alpar@25: with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with alpar@25: the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts alpar@25: being @var{list}. alpar@25: @end group alpar@25: @end smallexample alpar@25: alpar@25: If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other alpar@25: combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the alpar@25: situation. alpar@25: alpar@25: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we alpar@25: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of alpar@25: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, alpar@25: to permit their use in free software. alpar@25: alpar@25: @c Local Variables: alpar@25: @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" alpar@25: @c End: alpar@25: