alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @node GNU Free Documentation License
alpar@464: @appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License
alpar@464: @center Version 1.2, November 2002
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @display
alpar@464: Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
alpar@464: 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
alpar@464: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
alpar@464: @end display
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @enumerate 0
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: PREAMBLE
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
alpar@464: functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
alpar@464: assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
alpar@464: with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
alpar@464: Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
alpar@464: to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
alpar@464: for modifications made by others.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
alpar@464: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
alpar@464: complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
alpar@464: license designed for free software.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
alpar@464: software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
alpar@464: program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
alpar@464: software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
alpar@464: it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
alpar@464: whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
alpar@464: principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
alpar@464: contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
alpar@464: distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
alpar@464: world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
alpar@464: work under the conditions stated herein.  The ``Document'', below,
alpar@464: refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
alpar@464: licensee, and is addressed as ``you''.  You accept the license if you
alpar@464: copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
alpar@464: under copyright law.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
alpar@464: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
alpar@464: modifications and/or translated into another language.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
alpar@464: of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
alpar@464: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
alpar@464: subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
alpar@464: directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
alpar@464: part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
alpar@464: any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
alpar@464: connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
alpar@464: commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
alpar@464: them.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
alpar@464: are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
alpar@464: that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
alpar@464: section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
alpar@464: allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
alpar@464: Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
alpar@464: Sections then there are none.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
alpar@464: as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
alpar@464: the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
alpar@464: be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
alpar@464: represented in a format whose specification is available to the
alpar@464: general public, that is suitable for revising the document
alpar@464: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
alpar@464: pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
alpar@464: drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
alpar@464: for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
alpar@464: to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
alpar@464: format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
alpar@464: or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
alpar@464: An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
alpar@464: of text.  A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
alpar@464: @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
alpar@464: format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
alpar@464: @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML},
alpar@464: PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification.  Examples
alpar@464: of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
alpar@464: @acronym{JPG}.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
alpar@464: read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
alpar@464: @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are
alpar@464: not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
alpar@464: PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
alpar@464: output purposes only.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
alpar@464: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
alpar@464: this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
alpar@464: formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
alpar@464: the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
alpar@464: preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
alpar@464: title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
alpar@464: text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
alpar@464: specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
alpar@464: ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.)  To ``Preserve the Title''
alpar@464: of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
alpar@464: section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
alpar@464: states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
alpar@464: Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
alpar@464: License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
alpar@464: implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
alpar@464: no effect on the meaning of this License.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: VERBATIM COPYING
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
alpar@464: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
alpar@464: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
alpar@464: to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
alpar@464: conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
alpar@464: technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
alpar@464: copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
alpar@464: compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
alpar@464: number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
alpar@464: you may publicly display copies.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: COPYING IN QUANTITY
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
alpar@464: printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
alpar@464: Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
alpar@464: copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
alpar@464: Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
alpar@464: the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
alpar@464: you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
alpar@464: the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
alpar@464: visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
alpar@464: Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
alpar@464: the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
alpar@464: as verbatim copying in other respects.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
alpar@464: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
alpar@464: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
alpar@464: pages.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
alpar@464: more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
alpar@464: copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
alpar@464: a computer-network location from which the general network-using
alpar@464: public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
alpar@464: a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
alpar@464: If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
alpar@464: when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
alpar@464: that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
alpar@464: location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
alpar@464: Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
alpar@464: edition to the public.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
alpar@464: Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
alpar@464: them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: MODIFICATIONS
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
alpar@464: the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
alpar@464: the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
alpar@464: Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
alpar@464: and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
alpar@464: of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @enumerate A
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
alpar@464: from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
alpar@464: (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
alpar@464: of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
alpar@464: if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
alpar@464: responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
alpar@464: Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
alpar@464: Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
alpar@464: unless they release you from this requirement.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
alpar@464: Modified Version, as the publisher.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
alpar@464: adjacent to the other copyright notices.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
alpar@464: giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
alpar@464: terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
alpar@464: and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Include an unaltered copy of this License.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
alpar@464: to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
alpar@464: publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
alpar@464: there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
alpar@464: stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
alpar@464: given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
alpar@464: Version as stated in the previous sentence.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
alpar@464: public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
alpar@464: the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
alpar@464: it was based on.  These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
alpar@464: You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
alpar@464: least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
alpar@464: publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
alpar@464: the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
alpar@464: substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
alpar@464: dedications given therein.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
alpar@464: unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
alpar@464: or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a section
alpar@464: may not be included in the Modified Version.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
alpar@464: to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
alpar@464: @end enumerate
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
alpar@464: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
alpar@464: copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
alpar@464: of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
alpar@464: list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
alpar@464: These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
alpar@464: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
alpar@464: parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
alpar@464: been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
alpar@464: standard.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
alpar@464: passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
alpar@464: of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
alpar@464: Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
alpar@464: through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
alpar@464: includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
alpar@464: by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
alpar@464: you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
alpar@464: permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
alpar@464: give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
alpar@464: imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: COMBINING DOCUMENTS
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
alpar@464: License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
alpar@464: versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
alpar@464: Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
alpar@464: list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
alpar@464: license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
alpar@464: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
alpar@464: copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
alpar@464: different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
alpar@464: adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
alpar@464: author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
alpar@464: Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
alpar@464: Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
alpar@464: in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
alpar@464: ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
alpar@464: and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all
alpar@464: sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
alpar@464: released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
alpar@464: License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
alpar@464: the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
alpar@464: verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
alpar@464: it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
alpar@464: License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
alpar@464: other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
alpar@464: and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
alpar@464: distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
alpar@464: resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
alpar@464: of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
alpar@464: When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
alpar@464: apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
alpar@464: derivative works of the Document.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
alpar@464: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
alpar@464: the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
alpar@464: covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
alpar@464: electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
alpar@464: Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
alpar@464: aggregate.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: TRANSLATION
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
alpar@464: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
alpar@464: Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
alpar@464: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
alpar@464: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
alpar@464: original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
alpar@464: translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
alpar@464: Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
alpar@464: the original English version of this License and the original versions
alpar@464: of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
alpar@464: the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
alpar@464: or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
alpar@464: ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
alpar@464: its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
alpar@464: title.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: TERMINATION
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
alpar@464: as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
alpar@464: copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
alpar@464: automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
alpar@464: parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
alpar@464: License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
alpar@464: parties remain in full compliance.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @item
alpar@464: FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
alpar@464: of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
alpar@464: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
alpar@464: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
alpar@464: @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
alpar@464: If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
alpar@464: License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
alpar@464: following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
alpar@464: of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
alpar@464: Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
alpar@464: number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
alpar@464: as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
alpar@464: @end enumerate
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @page
alpar@464: @appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
alpar@464: the License in the document and put the following copyright and
alpar@464: license notices just after the title page:
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @smallexample
alpar@464: @group
alpar@464:   Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.
alpar@464:   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
alpar@464:   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
alpar@464:   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
alpar@464:   with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
alpar@464:   Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
alpar@464:   Free Documentation License''.
alpar@464: @end group
alpar@464: @end smallexample
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
alpar@464: replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this:
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @smallexample
alpar@464: @group
alpar@464:     with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
alpar@464:     the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
alpar@464:     being @var{list}.
alpar@464: @end group
alpar@464: @end smallexample
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
alpar@464: combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
alpar@464: situation.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
alpar@464: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
alpar@464: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
alpar@464: to permit their use in free software.
alpar@464: 
alpar@464: @c Local Variables:
alpar@464: @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
alpar@464: @c End:
alpar@464: