# HG changeset patch
# User Alpar Juttner <alpar@cs.elte.hu>
# Date 1237800598 0
# Node ID e4bd4ee05e3fc391c4ad59e05dbc2c27bde8941e
# Parent  3ffc47b666b157b4f0dbd66f3ec983f6ff699c1d
Basic graph operation + intro to the default maps

diff -r 3ffc47b666b1 -r e4bd4ee05e3f basics.dox
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/basics.dox	Mon Mar 23 09:29:58 2009 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-
+ *
+ * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2003-2009
+ * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
+ * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
+ *
+ * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
+ * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
+ * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
+ *
+ * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
+ * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
+ * purpose.
+ *
+ */
+
+namespace lemon {
+/**
+[PAGE]basics[PAGE] Basic Concepts
+
+Throughout the document we are working with the \ref lemon namespace.
+To save a lot of typing we assume that a
+
+\code
+using namespace lemon;
+\endcode
+
+directive is added to the code at the beginning.
+
+[SEC]digraphs[SEC] Directed Graphs
+
+This section tells you how to work with a directed graph. We use ListDigraph,
+the most versatile graph structure.
+
+The nodes and the arcs of a graph are identified by two datatypes called
+ListDigraph::Node and ListDigraph::Arc. You can add new components the graph
+by the \ref ListDigraph::addNode() "addNode()" and the
+\ref ListDigraph::addArc() "addArc()" member functions, like this:
+
+\code
+  ListDigraph g;
+  ListDigraph::Node a = g.addNode();
+  ListDigraph::Node b = g.addNode();
+  ListDigraph::Node c = g.addNode();
+  ListDigraph::Node d = g.addNode();
+
+  g.addArc(a,b);
+  g.addArc(b,c);
+  g.addArc(c,d);
+  g.addArc(d,a);
+\endcode
+
+Of course, \ref ListDigraph::addArc() "addArc()" also returns the created arc:
+
+\code
+  ListDigraph::Arc diag = g.addArc(a,c);
+\endcode
+
+\note You can also remove nodes or arcs with the
+\ref ListDigraph::erase() "erase()", but this operation may not be available
+with all graph structures.
+
+Two other important member functions are
+\ref concepts::Digraph::source() "source()"
+and \ref concepts::Digraph::target() "target()".
+They gives back the to end nodes of and arc.
+
+\code
+  if(g.source(e)==g.target(e))
+    std::cout << "This is a loop arc" << std::endl;
+\endcode
+
+[SEC]digraphs_it[SEC] Iterators
+
+Now assume you want to list the elements of the graph. For this purpose the
+the graphs provides several iterators. For example for following code will
+cound the number of nodes in a graph.
+
+\code
+  int cnt = 0;
+  for(ListDigraph::NodeIt n(g); n!=INVALID; ++n)
+    cnt++;
+  std::cout << "Number of nodes: " << cnt << std::endl;
+\endcode
+
+Here \ref concepts::Digraph::NodeIt "ListDigraph::NodeIt"
+is an iterator class that lists the
+nodes. You must give the graph to the constructor and it will be set
+to the first node. The next node is obtained by the prefix ++
+operator.  If there is no more nodes in the graph, the iterator will
+be set to \ref INVALID.
+
+\note \ref INVALID is a global constant in lemon and it converts to
+and compares with each and every iterators in LEMON.
+
+The iterators converts to the corresponding descriptor types. For example
+to following code will add a full graph to the existing nodes.
+
+\code
+  for(ListDigraph::NodeIt u(g); u!=INVALID; ++u)
+    for(ListDigraph::NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v)
+      if(u!=v) g.addArc(u,v);
+\endcode
+
+The items are also ordered by the 'less than' operator. For example this
+code will add only one of the opposite arcs.
+
+\code
+  for(ListDigraph::NodeIt u(g); u!=INVALID; ++u)
+    for(ListDigraph::NodeIt v(g); v!=INVALID; ++v)
+      if(u<v) g.addArc(u,v);
+\endcode
+
+\warning There order in which the iterator visits the items is
+undefined. The only thing you may assume that they will list the items
+in the same order until the graph is not changed.
+
+Similarly, \ref concepts::Digraph::ArcIt "ListDigraph::ArcIt"
+lists the arcs. Its usage is the same as of
+\ref concepts::Digraph::NodeIt "ListDigraph::NodeIt".
+
+\code
+  int cnt = 0;
+  for(ListDigraph::ArcIt a(g); a!=INVALID; ++a)
+    cnt++;
+  std::cout << "Number of arcs: " << cnt << std::endl;
+\endcode
+
+Finally, you can also list the arcs starting from or arriving at a
+certain node with 
+\ref concepts::Digraph::OutArcIt "ListDigraph::OutArcIt"
+and
+\ref concepts::Digraph::InArcIt "ListDigraph::InArcIt".
+Their usage are the same, but you must also give the node to the constructor.
+
+\code
+  int cnt = 0;
+  for(ListDigraph::OutArcIt a(g,start); a!=INVALID; ++a)
+    cnt++;
+  std::cout << "Number of arcs leaving the node 'start': " << cnt << std::endl;
+\endcode
+
+[SEC]maps[SEC] Maps
+
+The concept of "Maps" is another fundamental part of LEMON. They allow assigning
+values of any type to the nodes or arcs of a graph. The default maps
+provided by the graph structures have a couple of nice properties.
+
+- \e Fast. Accessing (reading/writing) the values are as fast as a
+  simple vector reading/writing
+- \e Dynamic. Whenever you need, you
+  can allocate new maps in your code, just as a local variable. So when you
+  leave its scope, it will be de-allocated automatically.
+- \e Automatic. If you add new nodes or arcs to the graph, the storage of the
+  existing maps will automatically expanded and the new slots will be
+  initialized. On the removal of an item, the corresponding values in the maps
+  are properly destructed.
+
+So, if you want to assign \c int values to each node, you have to allocate a
+\ref concepts::Digraph::Node Map "NodeMap<int>".
+
+\code
+  ListDigraph::NodeMap<int> map(g);
+\endcode
+
+As you see, the graph you want to assign a map is given to the
+constructor. Then you can access its element as if it were a vector.
+
+\code
+  map[a]=2;
+  map[b]=3;
+  map[c]=map[a]+map[b];
+\endcode
+
+As a more complex example, let's create a map that assigns a unique
+integer number to each node.
+
+\code
+  ListDigraph::NodeMap<int> id(g);
+  int cnt=0;
+  for(ListDigraph::NodeIt n(g); n!=INVALID; ++n, ++cnt)
+    id[n]=cnt;
+\endcode
+
+You can also give an initial value of the elements as a second parameter.
+
+For example the following code puts the number of outgoing edges in a map.
+
+\code
+  ListDigraph::NodeMap<int> out_deg(g,0);
+
+  for(ListDigraph::ArcIt a(g); a!=INVALID; ++a)
+    out_deg[g.source(a)]++;
+\endcode
+
+\warning The initial value will apply to the existing items only. If
+you add new nodes/arcs to the graph, then the corresponding values in the
+map will be initialized with the default constructor of the
+type.
+
+[TRAILER]
+*/
+}
diff -r 3ffc47b666b1 -r e4bd4ee05e3f toc.txt
--- a/toc.txt	Mon Feb 02 11:08:14 2009 +0100
+++ b/toc.txt	Mon Mar 23 09:29:58 2009 +0000
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 ** intro_lemon
 ** intro_tutorial
 * hello_lemon
+* basics
+** digraphs
+*** digraphs_it
+*** maps
 *_digraph_build
 *_digraph_iterate
 *_standard_maps