RhodeCode

    ///The type of the supply map.

    typedef typename Traits::SupplyMap SupplyMap;

    ///The type of the flow map.

    typedef typename Traits::FlowMap FlowMap;

    ///The type of the elevator.

    typedef typename Traits::Elevator Elevator;

    ///The type of the tolerance.

    typedef typename Traits::Tolerance Tolerance;

  private:

    TEMPLATE_DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Digraph);

    const Digraph &_g;

    int _node_num;

    const LowerMap *_lo;

    const UpperMap *_up;

    const SupplyMap *_supply;

    FlowMap *_flow;

    bool _local_flow;

    Elevator* _level;

    bool _local_level;

    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<Value> ExcessMap;

    ExcessMap* _excess;

    Tolerance _tol;

    int _el;

  public:

    typedef Circulation Create;

    ///\name Named Template Parameters

    ///@{

    template <typename T>

    struct SetFlowMapTraits : public Traits {

      typedef T FlowMap;

      static FlowMap *createFlowMap(const Digraph&) {

        LEMON_ASSERT(false, "FlowMap is not initialized");

        return 0; // ignore warnings

      }

    };

    /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

    /// FlowMap type

    ///

    /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting FlowMap

    /// type.

    template <typename T>

    struct SetFlowMap

      : public Circulation<Digraph, LowerMap, UpperMap, SupplyMap,

                           SetFlowMapTraits<T> > {

      typedef Circulation<Digraph, LowerMap, UpperMap, SupplyMap,

                          SetFlowMapTraits<T> > Create;

    };

    template <typename T>

    struct SetElevatorTraits : public Traits {

      typedef T Elevator;

      static Elevator *createElevator(const Digraph&, int) {

        LEMON_ASSERT(false, "Elevator is not initialized");

        return 0; // ignore warnings

      }

    };

    /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

    /// Elevator type

    ///

    /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting Elevator

    /// type. If this named parameter is used, then an external

    /// elevator object must be passed to the algorithm using the

    /// \ref elevator(Elevator&) "elevator()" function before calling

    /// \ref run() or \ref init().

    /// \sa SetStandardElevator

    template <typename T>

    struct SetElevator

      : public Circulation<Digraph, LowerMap, UpperMap, SupplyMap,

                           SetElevatorTraits<T> > {

      typedef Circulation<Digraph, LowerMap, UpperMap, SupplyMap,

                          SetElevatorTraits<T> > Create;

    };

    template <typename T>

    struct SetStandardElevatorTraits : public Traits {

      typedef T Elevator;

      static Elevator *createElevator(const Digraph& digraph, int max_level) {

        return new Elevator(digraph, max_level);

      }

    };

    /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

    /// Elevator type with automatic allocation

    ///

    /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting Elevator

    /// type with automatic allocation.

    /// The Elevator should have standard constructor interface to be

    /// able to automatically created by the algorithm (i.e. the

    /// digraph and the maximum level should be passed to it).

    /// However an external elevator object could also be passed to the

    /// algorithm with the \ref elevator(Elevator&) "elevator()" function

    /// before calling \ref run() or \ref init().

    /// \sa SetElevator

    template <typename T>

    struct SetStandardElevator

      : public Circulation<Digraph, LowerMap, UpperMap, SupplyMap,

                       SetStandardElevatorTraits<T> > {

      typedef Circulation<Digraph, LowerMap, UpperMap, SupplyMap,

                      SetStandardElevatorTraits<T> > Create;

    };

    /// @}

  protected:

    Circulation() {}

  public:

    /// Constructor.

    /// The constructor of the class.

    ///

    /// \param graph The digraph the algorithm runs on.

    /// \param lower The lower bounds for the flow values on the arcs.

    /// \param upper The upper bounds (capacities) for the flow values 

    /// on the arcs.

    /// \param supply The signed supply values of the nodes.

    Circulation(const Digraph &graph, const LowerMap &lower,

                const UpperMap &upper, const SupplyMap &supply)

      : _g(graph), _lo(&lower), _up(&upper), _supply(&supply),

        _flow(NULL), _local_flow(false), _level(NULL), _local_level(false),

        _excess(NULL) {}

    /// Destructor.

    ~Circulation() {

      destroyStructures();

    }

  private:

    bool checkBoundMaps() {

      for (ArcIt e(_g);e!=INVALID;++e) {

        if (_tol.less((*_up)[e], (*_lo)[e])) return false;

      }

      return true;

    }

    void createStructures() {

      _node_num = _el = countNodes(_g);

      if (!_flow) {

        _flow = Traits::createFlowMap(_g);

        _local_flow = true;

      }

      if (!_level) {

        _level = Traits::createElevator(_g, _node_num);

        _local_level = true;

      }

      if (!_excess) {

        _excess = new ExcessMap(_g);

      }

    }

    void destroyStructures() {

      if (_local_flow) {

        delete _flow;

      }

      if (_local_level) {

        delete _level;

      }

      if (_excess) {

        delete _excess;

      }

    }

  public:

    /// Sets the lower bound map.

    /// Sets the lower bound map.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    Circulation& lowerMap(const LowerMap& map) {

      _lo = ↦

      return *this;

    }

    /// Sets the upper bound (capacity) map.

    /// Sets the upper bound (capacity) map.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    Circulation& upperMap(const UpperMap& map) {

      _up = ↦

      return *this;

    }

    /// Sets the supply map.

    /// Sets the supply map.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    Circulation& supplyMap(const SupplyMap& map) {

      _supply = ↦

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Sets the flow map.

    ///

    /// Sets the flow map.

    /// If you don't use this function before calling \ref run() or

    /// \ref init(), an instance will be allocated automatically.

    /// The destructor deallocates this automatically allocated map,

    /// of course.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    Circulation& flowMap(FlowMap& map) {

      if (_local_flow) {

        delete _flow;

        _local_flow = false;

      }

      _flow = ↦

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Sets the elevator used by algorithm.

    ///

    /// Sets the elevator used by algorithm.

    /// If you don't use this function before calling \ref run() or

    /// \ref init(), an instance will be allocated automatically.

    /// The destructor deallocates this automatically allocated elevator,

    /// of course.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    Circulation& elevator(Elevator& elevator) {

      if (_local_level) {

        delete _level;

        _local_level = false;

      }

      _level = &elevator;

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Returns a const reference to the elevator.

    ///

    /// Returns a const reference to the elevator.

    ///

    /// \pre Either \ref run() or \ref init() must be called before

    /// using this function.

    const Elevator& elevator() const {

      return *_level;

    }

    ///

    Circulation& tolerance(const Tolerance& tolerance) {

      _tol = tolerance;

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Returns a const reference to the tolerance.

    ///

    const Tolerance& tolerance() const {

      return _tol;

    }

    /// \name Execution Control

    /// The simplest way to execute the algorithm is to call \ref run().\n

    /// If you need more control on the initial solution or the execution,

    /// first you have to call one of the \ref init() functions, then

    /// the \ref start() function.

    ///@{

    /// Initializes the internal data structures.

    /// Initializes the internal data structures and sets all flow values

    /// to the lower bound.

    void init()

    {

      LEMON_DEBUG(checkBoundMaps(),

        "Upper bounds must be greater or equal to the lower bounds");

      createStructures();

      for(NodeIt n(_g);n!=INVALID;++n) {

        (*_excess)[n] = (*_supply)[n];

      }

      for (ArcIt e(_g);e!=INVALID;++e) {

        _flow->set(e, (*_lo)[e]);

        (*_excess)[_g.target(e)] += (*_flow)[e];

        (*_excess)[_g.source(e)] -= (*_flow)[e];

      }

      // global relabeling tested, but in general case it provides

      // worse performance for random digraphs

      _level->initStart();

      for(NodeIt n(_g);n!=INVALID;++n)

        _level->initAddItem(n);

      _level->initFinish();

      for(NodeIt n(_g);n!=INVALID;++n)

        if(_tol.positive((*_excess)[n]))

          _level->activate(n);

    }

    /// Initializes the internal data structures using a greedy approach.

    /// Initializes the internal data structures using a greedy approach

    /// to construct the initial solution.

    void greedyInit()

    {

      LEMON_DEBUG(checkBoundMaps(),

        "Upper bounds must be greater or equal to the lower bounds");

      createStructures();

      for(NodeIt n(_g);n!=INVALID;++n) {

        (*_excess)[n] = (*_supply)[n];

      }

      for (ArcIt e(_g);e!=INVALID;++e) {

        if (!_tol.less(-(*_excess)[_g.target(e)], (*_up)[e])) {

          _flow->set(e, (*_up)[e]);

          (*_excess)[_g.target(e)] += (*_up)[e];

          (*_excess)[_g.source(e)] -= (*_up)[e];

        } else if (_tol.less(-(*_excess)[_g.target(e)], (*_lo)[e])) {

          _flow->set(e, (*_lo)[e]);

          (*_excess)[_g.target(e)] += (*_lo)[e];

          (*_excess)[_g.source(e)] -= (*_lo)[e];

        } else {

          Value fc = -(*_excess)[_g.target(e)];

          _flow->set(e, fc);

          (*_excess)[_g.target(e)] = 0;

          (*_excess)[_g.source(e)] -= fc;

        }

      }

      _level->initStart();

      for(NodeIt n(_g);n!=INVALID;++n)

        _level->initAddItem(n);

      _level->initFinish();

      for(NodeIt n(_g);n!=INVALID;++n)

        if(_tol.positive((*_excess)[n]))

          _level->activate(n);

    }

    ///Executes the algorithm

    ///This function executes the algorithm.

    ///

    ///\return \c true if a feasible circulation is found.

    ///

    ///\sa barrier()

    ///\sa barrierMap()

    bool start()

    {

      Node act;

      Node bact=INVALID;

      Node last_activated=INVALID;

      while((act=_level->highestActive())!=INVALID) {

        int actlevel=(*_level)[act];

        int mlevel=_node_num;

        Value exc=(*_excess)[act];

        for(OutArcIt e(_g,act);e!=INVALID; ++e) {

          Node v = _g.target(e);

          Value fc=(*_up)[e]-(*_flow)[e];

          if(!_tol.positive(fc)) continue;

          if((*_level)[v]<actlevel) {

            if(!_tol.less(fc, exc)) {

              _flow->set(e, (*_flow)[e] + exc);

              (*_excess)[v] += exc;

              if(!_level->active(v) && _tol.positive((*_excess)[v]))

                _level->activate(v);

              (*_excess)[act] = 0;

              _level->deactivate(act);

              goto next_l;

            }

            else {

              _flow->set(e, (*_up)[e]);

              (*_excess)[v] += fc;

              if(!_level->active(v) && _tol.positive((*_excess)[v]))

                _level->activate(v);

              exc-=fc;

            }

          }

          else if((*_level)[v]<mlevel) mlevel=(*_level)[v];

        }

        for(InArcIt e(_g,act);e!=INVALID; ++e) {

          Node v = _g.source(e);

          Value fc=(*_flow)[e]-(*_lo)[e];

          if(!_tol.positive(fc)) continue;

          if((*_level)[v]<actlevel) {

            if(!_tol.less(fc, exc)) {

              _flow->set(e, (*_flow)[e] - exc);

              (*_excess)[v] += exc;

              if(!_level->active(v) && _tol.positive((*_excess)[v]))

                _level->activate(v);

              (*_excess)[act] = 0;

              _level->deactivate(act);

              goto next_l;

            }

            else {

              _flow->set(e, (*_lo)[e]);

              (*_excess)[v] += fc;

              if(!_level->active(v) && _tol.positive((*_excess)[v]))

                _level->activate(v);

              exc-=fc;

            }

          }

          else if((*_level)[v]<mlevel) mlevel=(*_level)[v];

        }

        (*_excess)[act] = exc;

        if(!_tol.positive(exc)) _level->deactivate(act);

        else if(mlevel==_node_num) {

          _level->liftHighestActiveToTop();

          _el = _node_num;

          return false;

        }

        else {

          _level->liftHighestActive(mlevel+1);

          if(_level->onLevel(actlevel)==0) {

            _el = actlevel;

            return false;

          }

        }

      next_l:

        ;

      }

      return true;

    }

    /// Runs the algorithm.

    /// This function runs the algorithm.

    ///

    /// \return \c true if a feasible circulation is found.

    ///

    /// \note Apart from the return value, c.run() is just a shortcut of

    /// the following code.

    /// \code

    ///   c.greedyInit();

    ///   c.start();

    /// \endcode

    bool run() {

      greedyInit();

      return start();

    }

    /// @}

    /// \name Query Functions

    /// The results of the circulation algorithm can be obtained using

    /// these functions.\n

    /// Either \ref run() or \ref start() should be called before

    /// using them.

    ///@{

    /// \brief Returns the flow value on the given arc.

    ///

    /// Returns the flow value on the given arc.

    ///

    /// \pre Either \ref run() or \ref init() must be called before

    /// using this function.

    Value flow(const Arc& arc) const {

      return (*_flow)[arc];

    }

    /// \brief Returns a const reference to the flow map.

    ///

    /// Returns a const reference to the arc map storing the found flow.

    ///

    /// \pre Either \ref run() or \ref init() must be called before

    /// using this function.

    const FlowMap& flowMap() const {

      return *_flow;

    }

    /**

       \brief Returns \c true if the given node is in a barrier.

       Barrier is a set \e B of nodes for which

       \f[ \sum_{uv\in A: u\in B} upper(uv) -

           \sum_{uv\in A: v\in B} lower(uv) < \sum_{v\in B} sup(v) \f]

       holds. The existence of a set with this property prooves that a

       feasible circualtion cannot exist.

       This function returns \c true if the given node is in the found

       barrier. If a feasible circulation is found, the function

       gives back \c false for every node.

       \pre Either \ref run() or \ref init() must be called before

       using this function.

       \sa barrierMap()

       \sa checkBarrier()

    */

    bool barrier(const Node& node) const

    {

      return (*_level)[node] >= _el;

    }

    /// \brief Gives back a barrier.

    ///

    /// This function sets \c bar to the characteristic vector of the

    /// found barrier. \c bar should be a \ref concepts::WriteMap "writable"

    /// node map with \c bool (or convertible) value type.

    ///

    /// If a feasible circulation is found, the function gives back an

    /// empty set, so \c bar[v] will be \c false for all nodes \c v.

    ///

    /// \note This function calls \ref barrier() for each node,

/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-

 *

 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.

 *

 * Copyright (C) 2003-2009

 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport

 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).

 *

 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted

 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For

 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.

 *

 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,

 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any

 * purpose.

 *

 */

#ifndef LEMON_PREFLOW_H

#define LEMON_PREFLOW_H

#include <lemon/tolerance.h>

#include <lemon/elevator.h>

/// \file

/// \ingroup max_flow

/// \brief Implementation of the preflow algorithm.

namespace lemon {

  /// \brief Default traits class of Preflow class.

  ///

  /// Default traits class of Preflow class.

  /// \tparam GR Digraph type.

  /// \tparam CAP Capacity map type.

  template <typename GR, typename CAP>

  struct PreflowDefaultTraits {

    /// \brief The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

    typedef GR Digraph;

    /// \brief The type of the map that stores the arc capacities.

    ///

    /// The type of the map that stores the arc capacities.

    /// It must meet the \ref concepts::ReadMap "ReadMap" concept.

    typedef CAP CapacityMap;

    /// \brief The type of the flow values.

    typedef typename CapacityMap::Value Value;

    /// \brief The type of the map that stores the flow values.

    ///

    /// The type of the map that stores the flow values.

    /// It must meet the \ref concepts::ReadWriteMap "ReadWriteMap" concept.

    typedef typename Digraph::template ArcMap<Value> FlowMap;

    /// \brief Instantiates a FlowMap.

    ///

    /// This function instantiates a \ref FlowMap.

    /// \param digraph The digraph for which we would like to define

    /// the flow map.

    static FlowMap* createFlowMap(const Digraph& digraph) {

      return new FlowMap(digraph);

    }

    /// \brief The elevator type used by Preflow algorithm.

    ///

    /// The elevator type used by Preflow algorithm.

    ///

    /// \sa Elevator

    /// \sa LinkedElevator

    typedef LinkedElevator<Digraph, typename Digraph::Node> Elevator;

    /// \brief Instantiates an Elevator.

    ///

    /// This function instantiates an \ref Elevator.

    /// \param digraph The digraph for which we would like to define

    /// the elevator.

    /// \param max_level The maximum level of the elevator.

    static Elevator* createElevator(const Digraph& digraph, int max_level) {

      return new Elevator(digraph, max_level);

    }

    /// \brief The tolerance used by the algorithm

    ///

    /// The tolerance used by the algorithm to handle inexact computation.

    typedef lemon::Tolerance<Value> Tolerance;

  };

  /// \ingroup max_flow

  ///

  /// \brief %Preflow algorithm class.

  ///

  /// This class provides an implementation of Goldberg-Tarjan's \e preflow

  /// \e push-relabel algorithm producing a \ref max_flow

  /// "flow of maximum value" in a digraph.

  /// The preflow algorithms are the fastest known maximum

  /// \e "highest label" and the \e "bound decrease" heuristics.

  /// The worst case time complexity of the algorithm is \f$O(n^2\sqrt{e})\f$.

  ///

  /// The algorithm consists of two phases. After the first phase

  /// the maximum flow value and the minimum cut is obtained. The

  /// second phase constructs a feasible maximum flow on each arc.

  ///

  /// \tparam GR The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

  /// \tparam CAP The type of the capacity map. The default map

  /// type is \ref concepts::Digraph::ArcMap "GR::ArcMap<int>".

#ifdef DOXYGEN

  template <typename GR, typename CAP, typename TR>

#else

  template <typename GR,

            typename CAP = typename GR::template ArcMap<int>,

            typename TR = PreflowDefaultTraits<GR, CAP> >

#endif

  class Preflow {

  public:

    ///The \ref PreflowDefaultTraits "traits class" of the algorithm.

    typedef TR Traits;

    ///The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

    typedef typename Traits::Digraph Digraph;

    ///The type of the capacity map.

    typedef typename Traits::CapacityMap CapacityMap;

    ///The type of the flow values.

    typedef typename Traits::Value Value;

    ///The type of the flow map.

    typedef typename Traits::FlowMap FlowMap;

    ///The type of the elevator.

    typedef typename Traits::Elevator Elevator;

    ///The type of the tolerance.

    typedef typename Traits::Tolerance Tolerance;

  private:

    TEMPLATE_DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Digraph);

    const Digraph& _graph;

    const CapacityMap* _capacity;

    int _node_num;

    Node _source, _target;

    FlowMap* _flow;

    bool _local_flow;

    Elevator* _level;

    bool _local_level;

    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<Value> ExcessMap;

    ExcessMap* _excess;

    Tolerance _tolerance;

    bool _phase;

    void createStructures() {

      _node_num = countNodes(_graph);

      if (!_flow) {

        _flow = Traits::createFlowMap(_graph);

        _local_flow = true;

      }

      if (!_level) {

        _level = Traits::createElevator(_graph, _node_num);

        _local_level = true;

      }

      if (!_excess) {

        _excess = new ExcessMap(_graph);

      }

    }

    void destroyStructures() {

      if (_local_flow) {

        delete _flow;

      }

      if (_local_level) {

        delete _level;

      }

      if (_excess) {

        delete _excess;

      }

    }

  public:

    typedef Preflow Create;

    ///\name Named Template Parameters

    ///@{

    template <typename T>

    struct SetFlowMapTraits : public Traits {

      typedef T FlowMap;

      static FlowMap *createFlowMap(const Digraph&) {

        LEMON_ASSERT(false, "FlowMap is not initialized");

        return 0; // ignore warnings

      }

    };

    /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

    /// FlowMap type

    ///

    /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting FlowMap

    /// type.

    template <typename T>

    struct SetFlowMap

      : public Preflow<Digraph, CapacityMap, SetFlowMapTraits<T> > {

      typedef Preflow<Digraph, CapacityMap,

                      SetFlowMapTraits<T> > Create;

    };

    template <typename T>

    struct SetElevatorTraits : public Traits {

      typedef T Elevator;

      static Elevator *createElevator(const Digraph&, int) {

        LEMON_ASSERT(false, "Elevator is not initialized");

        return 0; // ignore warnings

      }

    };

    /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

    /// Elevator type

    ///

    /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting Elevator

    /// type. If this named parameter is used, then an external

    /// elevator object must be passed to the algorithm using the

    /// \ref elevator(Elevator&) "elevator()" function before calling

    /// \ref run() or \ref init().

    /// \sa SetStandardElevator

    template <typename T>

    struct SetElevator

      : public Preflow<Digraph, CapacityMap, SetElevatorTraits<T> > {

      typedef Preflow<Digraph, CapacityMap,

                      SetElevatorTraits<T> > Create;

    };

    template <typename T>

    struct SetStandardElevatorTraits : public Traits {

      typedef T Elevator;

      static Elevator *createElevator(const Digraph& digraph, int max_level) {

        return new Elevator(digraph, max_level);

      }

    };

    /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

    /// Elevator type with automatic allocation

    ///

    /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting Elevator

    /// type with automatic allocation.

    /// The Elevator should have standard constructor interface to be

    /// able to automatically created by the algorithm (i.e. the

    /// digraph and the maximum level should be passed to it).

    /// However an external elevator object could also be passed to the

    /// algorithm with the \ref elevator(Elevator&) "elevator()" function

    /// before calling \ref run() or \ref init().

    /// \sa SetElevator

    template <typename T>

    struct SetStandardElevator

      : public Preflow<Digraph, CapacityMap,

                       SetStandardElevatorTraits<T> > {

      typedef Preflow<Digraph, CapacityMap,

                      SetStandardElevatorTraits<T> > Create;

    };

    /// @}

  protected:

    Preflow() {}

  public:

    /// \brief The constructor of the class.

    ///

    /// The constructor of the class.

    /// \param digraph The digraph the algorithm runs on.

    /// \param capacity The capacity of the arcs.

    /// \param source The source node.

    /// \param target The target node.

    Preflow(const Digraph& digraph, const CapacityMap& capacity,

            Node source, Node target)

      : _graph(digraph), _capacity(&capacity),

        _node_num(0), _source(source), _target(target),

        _flow(0), _local_flow(false),

        _level(0), _local_level(false),

        _excess(0), _tolerance(), _phase() {}

    /// \brief Destructor.

    ///

    /// Destructor.

    ~Preflow() {

      destroyStructures();

    }

    /// \brief Sets the capacity map.

    ///

    /// Sets the capacity map.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    Preflow& capacityMap(const CapacityMap& map) {

      _capacity = ↦

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Sets the flow map.

    ///

    /// Sets the flow map.

    /// If you don't use this function before calling \ref run() or

    /// \ref init(), an instance will be allocated automatically.

    /// The destructor deallocates this automatically allocated map,

    /// of course.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    Preflow& flowMap(FlowMap& map) {

      if (_local_flow) {

        delete _flow;

        _local_flow = false;

      }

      _flow = ↦

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Sets the source node.

    ///

    /// Sets the source node.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    Preflow& source(const Node& node) {

      _source = node;

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Sets the target node.

    ///

    /// Sets the target node.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    Preflow& target(const Node& node) {

      _target = node;

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Sets the elevator used by algorithm.

    ///

    /// Sets the elevator used by algorithm.

    /// If you don't use this function before calling \ref run() or

    /// \ref init(), an instance will be allocated automatically.

    /// The destructor deallocates this automatically allocated elevator,

    /// of course.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    Preflow& elevator(Elevator& elevator) {

      if (_local_level) {

        delete _level;

        _local_level = false;

      }

      _level = &elevator;

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Returns a const reference to the elevator.

    ///

    /// Returns a const reference to the elevator.

    ///

    /// \pre Either \ref run() or \ref init() must be called before

    /// using this function.

    const Elevator& elevator() const {

      return *_level;

    }

    ///

    Preflow& tolerance(const Tolerance& tolerance) {

      _tolerance = tolerance;

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Returns a const reference to the tolerance.

    ///

    const Tolerance& tolerance() const {

      return _tolerance;

    }

    /// \name Execution Control

    /// The simplest way to execute the preflow algorithm is to use

    /// \ref run() or \ref runMinCut().\n

    /// If you need more control on the initial solution or the execution,

    /// first you have to call one of the \ref init() functions, then

    /// \ref startFirstPhase() and if you need it \ref startSecondPhase().

    ///@{

    /// \brief Initializes the internal data structures.

    ///

    /// Initializes the internal data structures and sets the initial

    /// flow to zero on each arc.

    void init() {

      createStructures();

      _phase = true;

      for (NodeIt n(_graph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

        (*_excess)[n] = 0;

      }

      for (ArcIt e(_graph); e != INVALID; ++e) {

        _flow->set(e, 0);

      }

      typename Digraph::template NodeMap<bool> reached(_graph, false);

      _level->initStart();

      _level->initAddItem(_target);

      std::vector<Node> queue;

      reached[_source] = true;

      queue.push_back(_target);

      reached[_target] = true;

      while (!queue.empty()) {

        _level->initNewLevel();

        std::vector<Node> nqueue;

        for (int i = 0; i < int(queue.size()); ++i) {

          Node n = queue[i];

          for (InArcIt e(_graph, n); e != INVALID; ++e) {

            Node u = _graph.source(e);

            if (!reached[u] && _tolerance.positive((*_capacity)[e])) {

              reached[u] = true;

              _level->initAddItem(u);

              nqueue.push_back(u);

            }

          }

        }

        queue.swap(nqueue);

      }

      _level->initFinish();

      for (OutArcIt e(_graph, _source); e != INVALID; ++e) {

        if (_tolerance.positive((*_capacity)[e])) {

          Node u = _graph.target(e);

          if ((*_level)[u] == _level->maxLevel()) continue;

          _flow->set(e, (*_capacity)[e]);

          (*_excess)[u] += (*_capacity)[e];

          if (u != _target && !_level->active(u)) {

            _level->activate(u);

          }

        }

      }

    }

    /// \brief Initializes the internal data structures using the

    /// given flow map.

    ///

    /// Initializes the internal data structures and sets the initial

    /// flow to the given \c flowMap. The \c flowMap should contain a

    /// flow or at least a preflow, i.e. at each node excluding the

    /// source node the incoming flow should greater or equal to the

    /// outgoing flow.

    /// \return \c false if the given \c flowMap is not a preflow.

    template <typename FlowMap>

    bool init(const FlowMap& flowMap) {

      createStructures();

      for (ArcIt e(_graph); e != INVALID; ++e) {

        _flow->set(e, flowMap[e]);

      }

      for (NodeIt n(_graph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

        Value excess = 0;

        for (InArcIt e(_graph, n); e != INVALID; ++e) {

          excess += (*_flow)[e];

        }

        for (OutArcIt e(_graph, n); e != INVALID; ++e) {

          excess -= (*_flow)[e];

        }

        if (excess < 0 && n != _source) return false;

        (*_excess)[n] = excess;

      }

      typename Digraph::template NodeMap<bool> reached(_graph, false);

      _level->initStart();

      _level->initAddItem(_target);

      std::vector<Node> queue;

      reached[_source] = true;

      queue.push_back(_target);

      reached[_target] = true;

      while (!queue.empty()) {

        _level->initNewLevel();

        std::vector<Node> nqueue;

        for (int i = 0; i < int(queue.size()); ++i) {

          Node n = queue[i];

          for (InArcIt e(_graph, n); e != INVALID; ++e) {

            Node u = _graph.source(e);

            if (!reached[u] &&

                _tolerance.positive((*_capacity)[e] - (*_flow)[e])) {

              reached[u] = true;

              _level->initAddItem(u);

              nqueue.push_back(u);

            }

          }

          for (OutArcIt e(_graph, n); e != INVALID; ++e) {

            Node v = _graph.target(e);

            if (!reached[v] && _tolerance.positive((*_flow)[e])) {

              reached[v] = true;

              _level->initAddItem(v);

              nqueue.push_back(v);

            }

          }

        }

        queue.swap(nqueue);

      }

      _level->initFinish();

      for (OutArcIt e(_graph, _source); e != INVALID; ++e) {

        Value rem = (*_capacity)[e] - (*_flow)[e];

        if (_tolerance.positive(rem)) {

          Node u = _graph.target(e);

          if ((*_level)[u] == _level->maxLevel()) continue;

          _flow->set(e, (*_capacity)[e]);

          (*_excess)[u] += rem;

          if (u != _target && !_level->active(u)) {

            _level->activate(u);

          }

        }

      }

      for (InArcIt e(_graph, _source); e != INVALID; ++e) {

        Value rem = (*_flow)[e];

        if (_tolerance.positive(rem)) {

          Node v = _graph.source(e);

          if ((*_level)[v] == _level->maxLevel()) continue;

          _flow->set(e, 0);

          (*_excess)[v] += rem;

          if (v != _target && !_level->active(v)) {

            _level->activate(v);

          }

        }

      }

      return true;

    }

    /// \brief Starts the first phase of the preflow algorithm.

    ///

    /// The preflow algorithm consists of two phases, this method runs

    /// the first phase. After the first phase the maximum flow value

    /// and a minimum value cut can already be computed, although a

    /// maximum flow is not yet obtained. So after calling this method

    /// \ref flowValue() returns the value of a maximum flow and \ref

    /// minCut() returns a minimum cut.

    /// \pre One of the \ref init() functions must be called before

    /// using this function.

    void startFirstPhase() {

      _phase = true;

      Node n = _level->highestActive();

      int level = _level->highestActiveLevel();

      while (n != INVALID) {

        int num = _node_num;

        while (num > 0 && n != INVALID) {

          Value excess = (*_excess)[n];

          int new_level = _level->maxLevel();

          for (OutArcIt e(_graph, n); e != INVALID; ++e) {

            Value rem = (*_capacity)[e] - (*_flow)[e];

            if (!_tolerance.positive(rem)) continue;

            Node v = _graph.target(e);

            if ((*_level)[v] < level) {

              if (!_level->active(v) && v != _target) {

                _level->activate(v);