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/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-

 *

 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.

 *

 * Copyright (C) 2003-2008

 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport

 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).

 *

 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted

 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For

 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.

 *

 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,

 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any

 * purpose.

 *

 */

#ifndef LEMON_CORE_H

#define LEMON_CORE_H

#include <vector>

#include <algorithm>

#include <lemon/bits/enable_if.h>

#include <lemon/bits/traits.h>

///\file

///\brief LEMON core utilities.

///

///This header file contains core utilities for LEMON.

///It is automatically included by all graph types, therefore it usually

///do not have to be included directly.

namespace lemon {

  /// \brief Dummy type to make it easier to create invalid iterators.

  ///

  /// Dummy type to make it easier to create invalid iterators.

  /// See \ref INVALID for the usage.

  struct Invalid {

  public:

    bool operator==(Invalid) { return true;  }

    bool operator!=(Invalid) { return false; }

    bool operator< (Invalid) { return false; }

  };

  /// \brief Invalid iterators.

  ///

  /// \ref Invalid is a global type that converts to each iterator

  /// in such a way that the value of the target iterator will be invalid.

#ifdef LEMON_ONLY_TEMPLATES

  const Invalid INVALID = Invalid();

#else

  extern const Invalid INVALID;

#endif

  /// \addtogroup gutils

  /// @{

  ///This \c \#define creates convenient type definitions for the following

  ///types of \c Digraph: \c Node,  \c NodeIt, \c Arc, \c ArcIt, \c InArcIt,

  ///\c OutArcIt, \c BoolNodeMap, \c IntNodeMap, \c DoubleNodeMap,

  ///\c BoolArcMap, \c IntArcMap, \c DoubleArcMap.

  ///

  ///\note If the graph type is a dependent type, ie. the graph type depend

  ///on a template parameter, then use \c TEMPLATE_DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS()

  ///macro.

#define DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Digraph)                                       \

  typedef Digraph::Node Node;                                           \

  typedef Digraph::NodeIt NodeIt;                                       \

  typedef Digraph::Arc Arc;                                             \

  typedef Digraph::ArcIt ArcIt;                                         \

  typedef Digraph::InArcIt InArcIt;                                     \

  typedef Digraph::OutArcIt OutArcIt;                                   \

  typedef Digraph::NodeMap<bool> BoolNodeMap;                           \

  typedef Digraph::NodeMap<int> IntNodeMap;                             \

  typedef Digraph::NodeMap<double> DoubleNodeMap;                       \

  typedef Digraph::ArcMap<bool> BoolArcMap;                             \

  typedef Digraph::ArcMap<int> IntArcMap;                               \

  ///\see DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS

  ///

  ///\note Use this macro, if the graph type is a dependent type,

  ///ie. the graph type depend on a template parameter.

#define TEMPLATE_DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Digraph)                              \

  typedef typename Digraph::Node Node;                                  \

  typedef typename Digraph::NodeIt NodeIt;                              \

  typedef typename Digraph::Arc Arc;                                    \

  typedef typename Digraph::ArcIt ArcIt;                                \

  typedef typename Digraph::InArcIt InArcIt;                            \

  typedef typename Digraph::OutArcIt OutArcIt;                          \

  typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<bool> BoolNodeMap;         \

  typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<int> IntNodeMap;           \

  typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<double> DoubleNodeMap;     \

  typedef typename Digraph::template ArcMap<bool> BoolArcMap;           \

  typedef typename Digraph::template ArcMap<int> IntArcMap;             \

  ///This \c \#define creates the same convenient type definitions as defined

  ///by \ref DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Graph) and six more, namely it creates

  ///\c Edge, \c EdgeIt, \c IncEdgeIt, \c BoolEdgeMap, \c IntEdgeMap,

  ///\c DoubleEdgeMap.

  ///

  ///\note If the graph type is a dependent type, ie. the graph type depend

  ///on a template parameter, then use \c TEMPLATE_GRAPH_TYPEDEFS()

  ///macro.

#define GRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Graph)                                           \

  DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Graph);                                              \

  typedef Graph::Edge Edge;                                             \

  typedef Graph::EdgeIt EdgeIt;                                         \

  typedef Graph::IncEdgeIt IncEdgeIt;                                   \

  typedef Graph::EdgeMap<bool> BoolEdgeMap;                             \

  typedef Graph::EdgeMap<int> IntEdgeMap;                               \

  ///\see GRAPH_TYPEDEFS

  ///

  ///\note Use this macro, if the graph type is a dependent type,

  ///ie. the graph type depend on a template parameter.

#define TEMPLATE_GRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Graph)                                  \

  TEMPLATE_DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Graph);                                     \

  typedef typename Graph::Edge Edge;                                    \

  typedef typename Graph::EdgeIt EdgeIt;                                \

  typedef typename Graph::IncEdgeIt IncEdgeIt;                          \

  typedef typename Graph::template EdgeMap<bool> BoolEdgeMap;           \

  typedef typename Graph::template EdgeMap<int> IntEdgeMap;             \

  /// \brief Function to count the items in a graph.

  ///

  /// This function counts the items (nodes, arcs etc.) in a graph.

  /// The complexity of the function is linear because

  /// it iterates on all of the items.

  template <typename Graph, typename Item>

  inline int countItems(const Graph& g) {

    typedef typename ItemSetTraits<Graph, Item>::ItemIt ItemIt;

    int num = 0;

    for (ItemIt it(g); it != INVALID; ++it) {

      ++num;

    }

    return num;

  }

  // Node counting:

  namespace _core_bits {

    template <typename Graph, typename Enable = void>

    struct CountNodesSelector {

      static int count(const Graph &g) {

        return countItems<Graph, typename Graph::Node>(g);

      }

    };

    template <typename Graph>

    struct CountNodesSelector<

      Graph, typename

      enable_if<typename Graph::NodeNumTag, void>::type>

    {

      static int count(const Graph &g) {

        return g.nodeNum();

      }

    };

  }

  /// \brief Function to count the nodes in the graph.

  ///

  /// This function counts the nodes in the graph.

  /// The complexity of the function is <em>O</em>(<em>n</em>), but for some

  /// graph structures it is specialized to run in <em>O</em>(1).

  ///

  /// \note If the graph contains a \c nodeNum() member function and a

  /// \c NodeNumTag tag then this function calls directly the member

  /// function to query the cardinality of the node set.

  template <typename Graph>

  inline int countNodes(const Graph& g) {

    return _core_bits::CountNodesSelector<Graph>::count(g);

  }

  // Arc counting:

  namespace _core_bits {

    template <typename Graph, typename Enable = void>

    struct CountArcsSelector {

      static int count(const Graph &g) {

        return countItems<Graph, typename Graph::Arc>(g);

      }

    };

    template <typename Graph>

    struct CountArcsSelector<

      Graph,

      typename enable_if<typename Graph::ArcNumTag, void>::type>

    {

      static int count(const Graph &g) {

        return g.arcNum();

      }

    };

  }

  /// \brief Function to count the arcs in the graph.

  ///

  /// This function counts the arcs in the graph.

  /// The complexity of the function is <em>O</em>(<em>m</em>), but for some

  /// graph structures it is specialized to run in <em>O</em>(1).

  ///

  /// \note If the graph contains a \c arcNum() member function and a

  /// \c ArcNumTag tag then this function calls directly the member

  /// function to query the cardinality of the arc set.

  template <typename Graph>

  inline int countArcs(const Graph& g) {

    return _core_bits::CountArcsSelector<Graph>::count(g);

  }

  // Edge counting:

  namespace _core_bits {

    template <typename Graph, typename Enable = void>

    struct CountEdgesSelector {

      static int count(const Graph &g) {

        return countItems<Graph, typename Graph::Edge>(g);

      }

    };

    template <typename Graph>

    struct CountEdgesSelector<

      Graph,

      typename enable_if<typename Graph::EdgeNumTag, void>::type>

    {

      static int count(const Graph &g) {

        return g.edgeNum();

      }

    };

  }

  /// \brief Function to count the edges in the graph.

  ///

  /// This function counts the edges in the graph.

  /// The complexity of the function is <em>O</em>(<em>m</em>), but for some

  /// graph structures it is specialized to run in <em>O</em>(1).

  ///

  /// \note If the graph contains a \c edgeNum() member function and a

  /// \c EdgeNumTag tag then this function calls directly the member

  /// function to query the cardinality of the edge set.

  template <typename Graph>

  inline int countEdges(const Graph& g) {

    return _core_bits::CountEdgesSelector<Graph>::count(g);

  }

  template <typename Graph, typename DegIt>

  inline int countNodeDegree(const Graph& _g, const typename Graph::Node& _n) {

    int num = 0;

    for (DegIt it(_g, _n); it != INVALID; ++it) {

      ++num;

    }

    return num;

  }

  /// \brief Function to count the number of the out-arcs from node \c n.

  ///

  /// This function counts the number of the out-arcs from node \c n

  /// in the graph \c g.

  template <typename Graph>

  inline int countOutArcs(const Graph& g,  const typename Graph::Node& n) {

    return countNodeDegree<Graph, typename Graph::OutArcIt>(g, n);

  }

  /// \brief Function to count the number of the in-arcs to node \c n.

  ///

  /// This function counts the number of the in-arcs to node \c n

  /// in the graph \c g.

  template <typename Graph>

  inline int countInArcs(const Graph& g,  const typename Graph::Node& n) {

    return countNodeDegree<Graph, typename Graph::InArcIt>(g, n);

  }

  /// \brief Function to count the number of the inc-edges to node \c n.

  ///

  /// This function counts the number of the inc-edges to node \c n

  /// in the undirected graph \c g.

  template <typename Graph>

  inline int countIncEdges(const Graph& g,  const typename Graph::Node& n) {

    return countNodeDegree<Graph, typename Graph::IncEdgeIt>(g, n);

  }

  namespace _core_bits {

    template <typename Digraph, typename Item, typename RefMap>

    class MapCopyBase {

    public:

      virtual void copy(const Digraph& from, const RefMap& refMap) = 0;

      virtual ~MapCopyBase() {}

    };

    template <typename Digraph, typename Item, typename RefMap,

              typename FromMap, typename ToMap>

    class MapCopy : public MapCopyBase<Digraph, Item, RefMap> {

    public:

      MapCopy(const FromMap& map, ToMap& tmap)

        : _map(map), _tmap(tmap) {}

      virtual void copy(const Digraph& digraph, const RefMap& refMap) {

        typedef typename ItemSetTraits<Digraph, Item>::ItemIt ItemIt;

        for (ItemIt it(digraph); it != INVALID; ++it) {

          _tmap.set(refMap[it], _map[it]);

        }

      }

    private:

      const FromMap& _map;

      ToMap& _tmap;

    };

    template <typename Digraph, typename Item, typename RefMap, typename It>

    class ItemCopy : public MapCopyBase<Digraph, Item, RefMap> {

    public:

      ItemCopy(const Item& item, It& it) : _item(item), _it(it) {}

      virtual void copy(const Digraph&, const RefMap& refMap) {

        _it = refMap[_item];

      }

    private:

      Item _item;

      It& _it;

    };

    template <typename Digraph, typename Item, typename RefMap, typename Ref>

    class RefCopy : public MapCopyBase<Digraph, Item, RefMap> {

    public:

      RefCopy(Ref& map) : _map(map) {}

      virtual void copy(const Digraph& digraph, const RefMap& refMap) {

        typedef typename ItemSetTraits<Digraph, Item>::ItemIt ItemIt;

        for (ItemIt it(digraph); it != INVALID; ++it) {

          _map.set(it, refMap[it]);

        }

      }

    private:

      Ref& _map;

    };

    template <typename Digraph, typename Item, typename RefMap,

              typename CrossRef>

    class CrossRefCopy : public MapCopyBase<Digraph, Item, RefMap> {

    public:

      CrossRefCopy(CrossRef& cmap) : _cmap(cmap) {}

      virtual void copy(const Digraph& digraph, const RefMap& refMap) {

        typedef typename ItemSetTraits<Digraph, Item>::ItemIt ItemIt;

        for (ItemIt it(digraph); it != INVALID; ++it) {

          _cmap.set(refMap[it], it);

        }

      }

    private:

      CrossRef& _cmap;

    };

    template <typename Digraph, typename Enable = void>

    struct DigraphCopySelector {

      template <typename From, typename NodeRefMap, typename ArcRefMap>

      static void copy(const From& from, Digraph &to,

                       NodeRefMap& nodeRefMap, ArcRefMap& arcRefMap) {

        for (typename From::NodeIt it(from); it != INVALID; ++it) {

          nodeRefMap[it] = to.addNode();

        }

        for (typename From::ArcIt it(from); it != INVALID; ++it) {

          arcRefMap[it] = to.addArc(nodeRefMap[from.source(it)],

                                    nodeRefMap[from.target(it)]);

        }

      }

    };

    template <typename Digraph>

    struct DigraphCopySelector<

      Digraph,

      typename enable_if<typename Digraph::BuildTag, void>::type>

    {

      template <typename From, typename NodeRefMap, typename ArcRefMap>

      static void copy(const From& from, Digraph &to,

                       NodeRefMap& nodeRefMap, ArcRefMap& arcRefMap) {

        to.build(from, nodeRefMap, arcRefMap);

      }

    };

    template <typename Graph, typename Enable = void>

    struct GraphCopySelector {

      template <typename From, typename NodeRefMap, typename EdgeRefMap>

      static void copy(const From& from, Graph &to,

                       NodeRefMap& nodeRefMap, EdgeRefMap& edgeRefMap) {

        for (typename From::NodeIt it(from); it != INVALID; ++it) {

          nodeRefMap[it] = to.addNode();

        }

        for (typename From::EdgeIt it(from); it != INVALID; ++it) {

          edgeRefMap[it] = to.addEdge(nodeRefMap[from.u(it)],

                                      nodeRefMap[from.v(it)]);

        }

      }

    };

    template <typename Graph>

    struct GraphCopySelector<

      Graph,

      typename enable_if<typename Graph::BuildTag, void>::type>

    {

      template <typename From, typename NodeRefMap, typename EdgeRefMap>

      static void copy(const From& from, Graph &to,

                       NodeRefMap& nodeRefMap, EdgeRefMap& edgeRefMap) {

        to.build(from, nodeRefMap, edgeRefMap);

      }

    };

  }

  /// \brief Class to copy a digraph.

  ///

  /// Class to copy a digraph to another digraph (duplicate a digraph). The

  /// simplest way of using it is through the \c digraphCopy() function.

  ///

  /// This class not only make a copy of a digraph, but it can create

  /// references and cross references between the nodes and arcs of

  /// the two digraphs, and it can copy maps to use with the newly created

  /// digraph.

  ///

  /// To make a copy from a digraph, first an instance of DigraphCopy

  /// should be created, then the data belongs to the digraph should

  /// assigned to copy. In the end, the \c run() member should be

  /// called.

  ///

  /// The next code copies a digraph with several data:

  ///\code

  ///  DigraphCopy<OrigGraph, NewGraph> cg(orig_graph, new_graph);

  ///  // Create references for the nodes

  ///  OrigGraph::NodeMap<NewGraph::Node> nr(orig_graph);

  ///  cg.nodeRef(nr);

  ///  // Create cross references (inverse) for the arcs

  ///  NewGraph::ArcMap<OrigGraph::Arc> acr(new_graph);

  ///  cg.arcCrossRef(acr);

  ///  // Copy an arc map

  ///  OrigGraph::ArcMap<double> oamap(orig_graph);

  ///  NewGraph::ArcMap<double> namap(new_graph);

  ///  cg.arcMap(oamap, namap);

  ///  // Copy a node

  ///  OrigGraph::Node on;

  ///  NewGraph::Node nn;

  ///  cg.node(on, nn);

  ///  // Execute copying

  ///  cg.run();

  ///\endcode

  template <typename From, typename To>

  class DigraphCopy {

  private:

    typedef typename From::Node Node;

    typedef typename From::NodeIt NodeIt;

    typedef typename From::Arc Arc;

    typedef typename From::ArcIt ArcIt;

    typedef typename To::Node TNode;

    typedef typename To::Arc TArc;

    typedef typename From::template NodeMap<TNode> NodeRefMap;

    typedef typename From::template ArcMap<TArc> ArcRefMap;

  public:

    /// \brief Constructor of DigraphCopy.

    ///

    /// Constructor of DigraphCopy for copying the content of the

    /// \c from digraph into the \c to digraph.

    DigraphCopy(const From& from, To& to)

      : _from(from), _to(to) {}

    /// \brief Destructor of DigraphCopy

    ///

    /// Destructor of DigraphCopy.

    ~DigraphCopy() {

      for (int i = 0; i < int(_node_maps.size()); ++i) {

        delete _node_maps[i];

      }

      for (int i = 0; i < int(_arc_maps.size()); ++i) {

        delete _arc_maps[i];

      }

    }

    /// \brief Copy the node references into the given map.

    ///

    /// This function copies the node references into the given map.

    /// The parameter should be a map, whose key type is the Node type of

    /// the source digraph, while the value type is the Node type of the

    /// destination digraph.

    template <typename NodeRef>

    DigraphCopy& nodeRef(NodeRef& map) {

      _node_maps.push_back(new _core_bits::RefCopy<From, Node,

                           NodeRefMap, NodeRef>(map));

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Copy the node cross references into the given map.