[2391] | 1 | /* -*- C++ -*- |
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| 2 | * |
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| 3 | * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library |
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| 4 | * |
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| 5 | * Copyright (C) 2003-2007 |
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| 6 | * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport |
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| 7 | * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES). |
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| 8 | * |
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| 9 | * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted |
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| 10 | * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For |
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| 11 | * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file. |
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| 12 | * |
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| 13 | * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind, |
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| 14 | * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any |
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| 15 | * purpose. |
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| 16 | * |
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| 17 | */ |
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| 18 | |
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[666] | 19 | /*! |
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| 20 | |
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[1638] | 21 | \page graphs Graphs |
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[666] | 22 | |
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[2111] | 23 | \todo Write a new Graphs page. I think it should be contain the Graph, |
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| 24 | UGraph and BpUGraph concept. It should be describe the iterators and |
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| 25 | the basic functions and the differences of the implementations. |
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| 26 | |
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[921] | 27 | The primary data structures of LEMON are the graph classes. They all |
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[756] | 28 | provide a node list - edge list interface, i.e. they have |
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| 29 | functionalities to list the nodes and the edges of the graph as well |
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[2116] | 30 | as incoming and outgoing edges of a given node. |
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[756] | 31 | |
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[2260] | 32 | Each graph should meet the \ref lemon::concepts::Graph "Graph" concept. |
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[2116] | 33 | This concept does not make it possible to change the graph (i.e. it is |
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| 34 | not possible to add or delete edges or nodes). Most of the graph |
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| 35 | algorithms will run on these graphs. |
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[756] | 36 | |
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| 37 | |
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[2116] | 38 | In case of graphs meeting the full feature |
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[2260] | 39 | \ref lemon::concepts::ErasableGraph "ErasableGraph" |
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[2116] | 40 | concept |
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| 41 | you can also erase individual edges and nodes in arbitrary order. |
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| 42 | |
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| 43 | The implemented graph structures are the following. |
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[921] | 44 | \li \ref lemon::ListGraph "ListGraph" is the most versatile graph class. It meets |
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[2260] | 45 | the \ref lemon::concepts::ErasableGraph "ErasableGraph" concept |
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[1168] | 46 | and it also has some convenient extra features. |
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[921] | 47 | \li \ref lemon::SmartGraph "SmartGraph" is a more memory |
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| 48 | efficient version of \ref lemon::ListGraph "ListGraph". The |
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[1168] | 49 | price of this is that it only meets the |
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[2260] | 50 | \ref lemon::concepts::ExtendableGraph "ExtendableGraph" concept, |
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[756] | 51 | so you cannot delete individual edges or nodes. |
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[921] | 52 | \li \ref lemon::FullGraph "FullGraph" |
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[1200] | 53 | implements a complete graph. It is a |
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[2260] | 54 | \ref lemon::concepts::Graph "Graph", so you cannot |
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[756] | 55 | change the number of nodes once it is constructed. It is extremely memory |
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| 56 | efficient: it uses constant amount of memory independently from the number of |
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[1043] | 57 | the nodes of the graph. Of course, the size of the \ref maps-page "NodeMap"'s and |
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| 58 | \ref maps-page "EdgeMap"'s will depend on the number of nodes. |
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[756] | 59 | |
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[921] | 60 | \li \ref lemon::NodeSet "NodeSet" implements a graph with no edges. This class |
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| 61 | can be used as a base class of \ref lemon::EdgeSet "EdgeSet". |
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| 62 | \li \ref lemon::EdgeSet "EdgeSet" can be used to create a new graph on |
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[873] | 63 | the node set of another graph. The base graph can be an arbitrary graph and it |
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[921] | 64 | is possible to attach several \ref lemon::EdgeSet "EdgeSet"'s to a base graph. |
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[756] | 65 | |
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| 66 | \todo Don't we need SmartNodeSet and SmartEdgeSet? |
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| 67 | \todo Some cross-refs are wrong. |
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| 68 | |
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[1168] | 69 | The graph structures themselves can not store data attached |
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[756] | 70 | to the edges and nodes. However they all provide |
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[1043] | 71 | \ref maps-page "map classes" |
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[756] | 72 | to dynamically attach data the to graph components. |
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| 73 | |
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[921] | 74 | The following program demonstrates the basic features of LEMON's graph |
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[666] | 75 | structures. |
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| 76 | |
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| 77 | \code |
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| 78 | #include <iostream> |
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[921] | 79 | #include <lemon/list_graph.h> |
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[666] | 80 | |
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[921] | 81 | using namespace lemon; |
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[666] | 82 | |
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| 83 | int main() |
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| 84 | { |
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| 85 | typedef ListGraph Graph; |
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| 86 | \endcode |
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| 87 | |
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[921] | 88 | ListGraph is one of LEMON's graph classes. It is based on linked lists, |
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[666] | 89 | therefore iterating throuh its edges and nodes is fast. |
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| 90 | |
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| 91 | \code |
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| 92 | typedef Graph::Edge Edge; |
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| 93 | typedef Graph::InEdgeIt InEdgeIt; |
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| 94 | typedef Graph::OutEdgeIt OutEdgeIt; |
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| 95 | typedef Graph::EdgeIt EdgeIt; |
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| 96 | typedef Graph::Node Node; |
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| 97 | typedef Graph::NodeIt NodeIt; |
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| 98 | |
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| 99 | Graph g; |
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| 100 | |
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| 101 | for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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| 102 | g.addNode(); |
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| 103 | |
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[875] | 104 | for (NodeIt i(g); i!=INVALID; ++i) |
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| 105 | for (NodeIt j(g); j!=INVALID; ++j) |
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[666] | 106 | if (i != j) g.addEdge(i, j); |
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| 107 | \endcode |
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| 108 | |
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[1168] | 109 | After some convenient typedefs we create a graph and add three nodes to it. |
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| 110 | Then we add edges to it to form a complete graph. |
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[666] | 111 | |
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| 112 | \code |
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| 113 | std::cout << "Nodes:"; |
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[875] | 114 | for (NodeIt i(g); i!=INVALID; ++i) |
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[666] | 115 | std::cout << " " << g.id(i); |
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| 116 | std::cout << std::endl; |
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| 117 | \endcode |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | Here we iterate through all nodes of the graph. We use a constructor of the |
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[875] | 120 | node iterator to initialize it to the first node. The operator++ is used to |
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| 121 | step to the next node. Using operator++ on the iterator pointing to the last |
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| 122 | node invalidates the iterator i.e. sets its value to |
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[921] | 123 | \ref lemon::INVALID "INVALID". This is what we exploit in the stop condition. |
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[666] | 124 | |
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[875] | 125 | The previous code fragment prints out the following: |
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[666] | 126 | |
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| 127 | \code |
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| 128 | Nodes: 2 1 0 |
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| 129 | \endcode |
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| 130 | |
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| 131 | \code |
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| 132 | std::cout << "Edges:"; |
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[875] | 133 | for (EdgeIt i(g); i!=INVALID; ++i) |
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[986] | 134 | std::cout << " (" << g.id(g.source(i)) << "," << g.id(g.target(i)) << ")"; |
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[666] | 135 | std::cout << std::endl; |
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| 136 | \endcode |
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| 137 | |
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| 138 | \code |
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| 139 | Edges: (0,2) (1,2) (0,1) (2,1) (1,0) (2,0) |
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| 140 | \endcode |
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| 141 | |
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[1168] | 142 | We can also iterate through all edges of the graph very similarly. The |
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| 143 | \c target and |
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| 144 | \c source member functions can be used to access the endpoints of an edge. |
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[666] | 145 | |
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| 146 | \code |
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| 147 | NodeIt first_node(g); |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | std::cout << "Out-edges of node " << g.id(first_node) << ":"; |
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[875] | 150 | for (OutEdgeIt i(g, first_node); i!=INVALID; ++i) |
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[986] | 151 | std::cout << " (" << g.id(g.source(i)) << "," << g.id(g.target(i)) << ")"; |
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[666] | 152 | std::cout << std::endl; |
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| 153 | |
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| 154 | std::cout << "In-edges of node " << g.id(first_node) << ":"; |
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[875] | 155 | for (InEdgeIt i(g, first_node); i!=INVALID; ++i) |
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[986] | 156 | std::cout << " (" << g.id(g.source(i)) << "," << g.id(g.target(i)) << ")"; |
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[666] | 157 | std::cout << std::endl; |
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| 158 | \endcode |
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| 159 | |
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| 160 | \code |
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| 161 | Out-edges of node 2: (2,0) (2,1) |
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| 162 | In-edges of node 2: (0,2) (1,2) |
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| 163 | \endcode |
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| 164 | |
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| 165 | We can also iterate through the in and out-edges of a node. In the above |
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| 166 | example we print out the in and out-edges of the first node of the graph. |
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| 167 | |
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| 168 | \code |
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| 169 | Graph::EdgeMap<int> m(g); |
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| 170 | |
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[875] | 171 | for (EdgeIt e(g); e!=INVALID; ++e) |
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[666] | 172 | m.set(e, 10 - g.id(e)); |
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| 173 | |
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| 174 | std::cout << "Id Edge Value" << std::endl; |
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[875] | 175 | for (EdgeIt e(g); e!=INVALID; ++e) |
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[986] | 176 | std::cout << g.id(e) << " (" << g.id(g.source(e)) << "," << g.id(g.target(e)) |
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[666] | 177 | << ") " << m[e] << std::endl; |
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| 178 | \endcode |
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| 179 | |
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| 180 | \code |
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| 181 | Id Edge Value |
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| 182 | 4 (0,2) 6 |
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| 183 | 2 (1,2) 8 |
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| 184 | 5 (0,1) 5 |
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| 185 | 0 (2,1) 10 |
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| 186 | 3 (1,0) 7 |
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| 187 | 1 (2,0) 9 |
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| 188 | \endcode |
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| 189 | |
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[873] | 190 | As we mentioned above, graphs are not containers rather |
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[921] | 191 | incidence structures which are iterable in many ways. LEMON introduces |
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[666] | 192 | concepts that allow us to attach containers to graphs. These containers are |
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| 193 | called maps. |
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| 194 | |
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[1168] | 195 | In the example above we create an EdgeMap which assigns an integer value to all |
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[666] | 196 | edges of the graph. We use the set member function of the map to write values |
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| 197 | into the map and the operator[] to retrieve them. |
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| 198 | |
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| 199 | Here we used the maps provided by the ListGraph class, but you can also write |
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[1043] | 200 | your own maps. You can read more about using maps \ref maps-page "here". |
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[666] | 201 | |
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| 202 | */ |
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