[1724] | 1 | /* -*- C++ -*- |
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| 2 | * lemon/linear_heap.h - Part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library |
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| 3 | * |
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[1875] | 4 | * Copyright (C) 2006 Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport |
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[1724] | 5 | * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES). |
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| 6 | * |
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| 7 | * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted |
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| 8 | * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For |
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| 9 | * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file. |
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| 10 | * |
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| 11 | * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind, |
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| 12 | * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any |
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| 13 | * purpose. |
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| 14 | * |
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| 15 | */ |
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| 16 | |
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| 17 | #ifndef LEMON_LINEAR_HEAP_H |
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| 18 | #define LEMON_LINEAR_HEAP_H |
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| 19 | |
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| 20 | ///\ingroup auxdat |
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| 21 | ///\file |
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| 22 | ///\brief Binary Heap implementation. |
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| 23 | |
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| 24 | #include <vector> |
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| 25 | #include <utility> |
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| 26 | #include <functional> |
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| 27 | |
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| 28 | namespace lemon { |
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| 29 | |
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[1834] | 30 | /// \ingroup auxdat |
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[1724] | 31 | |
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| 32 | /// \brief A Linear Heap implementation. |
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| 33 | /// |
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| 34 | /// This class implements the \e linear \e heap data structure. A \e heap |
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| 35 | /// is a data structure for storing items with specified values called \e |
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| 36 | /// priorities in such a way that finding the item with minimum priority is |
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| 37 | /// efficient. The linear heap is very simple implementation, it can store |
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| 38 | /// only integer priorities and it stores for each priority in the [0..C] |
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| 39 | /// range a list of items. So it should be used only when the priorities |
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| 40 | /// are small. It is not intended to use as dijkstra heap. |
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| 41 | /// |
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| 42 | /// \param _Item Type of the items to be stored. |
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| 43 | /// \param _ItemIntMap A read and writable Item int map, used internally |
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| 44 | /// to handle the cross references. |
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| 45 | /// \param minimize If the given parameter is true then the heap gives back |
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| 46 | /// the lowest priority. |
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| 47 | template <typename _Item, typename _ItemIntMap, bool minimize = true > |
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| 48 | class LinearHeap { |
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| 49 | |
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| 50 | public: |
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| 51 | typedef _Item Item; |
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| 52 | typedef int Prio; |
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| 53 | typedef std::pair<Item, Prio> Pair; |
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| 54 | typedef _ItemIntMap ItemIntMap; |
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| 55 | |
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| 56 | /// \brief Type to represent the items states. |
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| 57 | /// |
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| 58 | /// Each Item element have a state associated to it. It may be "in heap", |
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| 59 | /// "pre heap" or "post heap". The latter two are indifferent from the |
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| 60 | /// heap's point of view, but may be useful to the user. |
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| 61 | /// |
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| 62 | /// The ItemIntMap \e should be initialized in such way that it maps |
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| 63 | /// PRE_HEAP (-1) to any element to be put in the heap... |
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| 64 | enum state_enum { |
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| 65 | IN_HEAP = 0, |
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| 66 | PRE_HEAP = -1, |
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| 67 | POST_HEAP = -2 |
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| 68 | }; |
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| 69 | |
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| 70 | public: |
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| 71 | /// \brief The constructor. |
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| 72 | /// |
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| 73 | /// The constructor. |
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| 74 | /// \param _index should be given to the constructor, since it is used |
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| 75 | /// internally to handle the cross references. The value of the map |
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| 76 | /// should be PRE_HEAP (-1) for each element. |
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| 77 | explicit LinearHeap(ItemIntMap &_index) : index(_index), minimal(0) {} |
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| 78 | |
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| 79 | /// The number of items stored in the heap. |
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| 80 | /// |
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| 81 | /// \brief Returns the number of items stored in the heap. |
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| 82 | int size() const { return data.size(); } |
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| 83 | |
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| 84 | /// \brief Checks if the heap stores no items. |
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| 85 | /// |
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| 86 | /// Returns \c true if and only if the heap stores no items. |
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| 87 | bool empty() const { return data.empty(); } |
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| 88 | |
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| 89 | /// \brief Make empty this heap. |
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| 90 | /// |
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| 91 | /// Make empty this heap. |
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| 92 | void clear() { |
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| 93 | for (int i = 0; i < (int)data.size(); ++i) { |
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| 94 | index[data[i].item] = -2; |
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| 95 | } |
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| 96 | data.clear(); first.clear(); minimal = 0; |
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| 97 | } |
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| 98 | |
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| 99 | private: |
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| 100 | |
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| 101 | void relocate_last(int idx) { |
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| 102 | if (idx + 1 < (int)data.size()) { |
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| 103 | data[idx] = data.back(); |
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| 104 | if (data[idx].prev != -1) { |
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| 105 | data[data[idx].prev].next = idx; |
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| 106 | } else { |
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| 107 | first[data[idx].value] = idx; |
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| 108 | } |
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| 109 | if (data[idx].next != -1) { |
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| 110 | data[data[idx].next].prev = idx; |
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| 111 | } |
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| 112 | index[data[idx].item] = idx; |
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| 113 | } |
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| 114 | data.pop_back(); |
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| 115 | } |
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| 116 | |
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| 117 | void unlace(int idx) { |
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| 118 | if (data[idx].prev != -1) { |
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| 119 | data[data[idx].prev].next = data[idx].next; |
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| 120 | } else { |
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| 121 | first[data[idx].value] = data[idx].next; |
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| 122 | } |
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| 123 | if (data[idx].next != -1) { |
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| 124 | data[data[idx].next].prev = data[idx].prev; |
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| 125 | } |
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| 126 | } |
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| 127 | |
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| 128 | void lace(int idx) { |
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| 129 | if ((int)first.size() <= data[idx].value) { |
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| 130 | first.resize(data[idx].value + 1, -1); |
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| 131 | } |
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| 132 | data[idx].next = first[data[idx].value]; |
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| 133 | if (data[idx].next != -1) { |
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| 134 | data[data[idx].next].prev = idx; |
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| 135 | } |
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| 136 | first[data[idx].value] = idx; |
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| 137 | data[idx].prev = -1; |
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| 138 | } |
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| 139 | |
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| 140 | public: |
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| 141 | /// \brief Insert a pair of item and priority into the heap. |
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| 142 | /// |
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| 143 | /// Adds \c p.first to the heap with priority \c p.second. |
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| 144 | /// \param p The pair to insert. |
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| 145 | void push(const Pair& p) { |
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| 146 | push(p.first, p.second); |
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| 147 | } |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | /// \brief Insert an item into the heap with the given priority. |
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| 150 | /// |
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| 151 | /// Adds \c i to the heap with priority \c p. |
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| 152 | /// \param i The item to insert. |
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| 153 | /// \param p The priority of the item. |
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| 154 | void push(const Item &i, const Prio &p) { |
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| 155 | int idx = data.size(); |
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| 156 | index[i] = idx; |
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| 157 | data.push_back(LinearItem(i, p)); |
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| 158 | lace(idx); |
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| 159 | if (p < minimal) { |
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| 160 | minimal = p; |
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| 161 | } |
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| 162 | } |
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| 163 | |
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[1758] | 164 | /// \brief Returns the item with minimum priority. |
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[1724] | 165 | /// |
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[1758] | 166 | /// This method returns the item with minimum priority. |
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[1724] | 167 | /// \pre The heap must be nonempty. |
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| 168 | Item top() const { |
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| 169 | while (first[minimal] == -1) { |
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| 170 | ++minimal; |
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| 171 | } |
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| 172 | return data[first[minimal]].item; |
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| 173 | } |
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| 174 | |
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[1758] | 175 | /// \brief Returns the minimum priority. |
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[1724] | 176 | /// |
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[1758] | 177 | /// It returns the minimum priority. |
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[1724] | 178 | /// \pre The heap must be nonempty. |
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| 179 | Prio prio() const { |
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| 180 | while (first[minimal] == -1) { |
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| 181 | ++minimal; |
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| 182 | } |
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| 183 | return minimal; |
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| 184 | } |
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| 185 | |
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[1758] | 186 | /// \brief Deletes the item with minimum priority. |
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[1724] | 187 | /// |
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[1758] | 188 | /// This method deletes the item with minimum priority from the heap. |
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[1724] | 189 | /// \pre The heap must be non-empty. |
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| 190 | void pop() { |
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| 191 | while (first[minimal] == -1) { |
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| 192 | ++minimal; |
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| 193 | } |
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| 194 | int idx = first[minimal]; |
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| 195 | index[data[idx].item] = -2; |
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| 196 | unlace(idx); |
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| 197 | relocate_last(idx); |
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| 198 | } |
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| 199 | |
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| 200 | /// \brief Deletes \c i from the heap. |
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| 201 | /// |
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| 202 | /// This method deletes item \c i from the heap, if \c i was |
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| 203 | /// already stored in the heap. |
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| 204 | /// \param i The item to erase. |
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| 205 | void erase(const Item &i) { |
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| 206 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 207 | index[data[idx].item] = -2; |
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| 208 | unlace(idx); |
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| 209 | relocate_last(idx); |
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| 210 | } |
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| 211 | |
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| 212 | |
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| 213 | /// \brief Returns the priority of \c i. |
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| 214 | /// |
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| 215 | /// This function returns the priority of item \c i. |
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| 216 | /// \pre \c i must be in the heap. |
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| 217 | /// \param i The item. |
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| 218 | Prio operator[](const Item &i) const { |
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| 219 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 220 | return data[idx].value; |
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| 221 | } |
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| 222 | |
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| 223 | /// \brief \c i gets to the heap with priority \c p independently |
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| 224 | /// if \c i was already there. |
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| 225 | /// |
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| 226 | /// This method calls \ref push(\c i, \c p) if \c i is not stored |
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| 227 | /// in the heap and sets the priority of \c i to \c p otherwise. |
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| 228 | /// \param i The item. |
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| 229 | /// \param p The priority. |
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| 230 | void set(const Item &i, const Prio &p) { |
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| 231 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 232 | if (idx < 0) { |
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| 233 | push(i,p); |
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| 234 | } else if (p > data[idx].value) { |
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| 235 | increase(i, p); |
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| 236 | } else { |
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| 237 | decrease(i, p); |
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| 238 | } |
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| 239 | } |
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| 240 | |
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| 241 | /// \brief Decreases the priority of \c i to \c p. |
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| 242 | |
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| 243 | /// This method decreases the priority of item \c i to \c p. |
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| 244 | /// \pre \c i must be stored in the heap with priority at least \c |
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| 245 | /// p relative to \c Compare. |
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| 246 | /// \param i The item. |
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| 247 | /// \param p The priority. |
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| 248 | void decrease(const Item &i, const Prio &p) { |
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| 249 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 250 | unlace(idx); |
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| 251 | data[idx].value = p; |
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| 252 | if (p < minimal) { |
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| 253 | minimal = p; |
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| 254 | } |
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| 255 | lace(idx); |
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| 256 | } |
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| 257 | |
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| 258 | /// \brief Increases the priority of \c i to \c p. |
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| 259 | /// |
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| 260 | /// This method sets the priority of item \c i to \c p. |
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| 261 | /// \pre \c i must be stored in the heap with priority at most \c |
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| 262 | /// p relative to \c Compare. |
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| 263 | /// \param i The item. |
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| 264 | /// \param p The priority. |
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| 265 | void increase(const Item &i, const Prio &p) { |
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| 266 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 267 | unlace(idx); |
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| 268 | data[idx].value = p; |
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| 269 | lace(idx); |
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| 270 | } |
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| 271 | |
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| 272 | /// \brief Returns if \c item is in, has already been in, or has |
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| 273 | /// never been in the heap. |
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| 274 | /// |
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| 275 | /// This method returns PRE_HEAP if \c item has never been in the |
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| 276 | /// heap, IN_HEAP if it is in the heap at the moment, and POST_HEAP |
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| 277 | /// otherwise. In the latter case it is possible that \c item will |
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| 278 | /// get back to the heap again. |
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| 279 | /// \param i The item. |
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| 280 | state_enum state(const Item &i) const { |
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| 281 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 282 | if (idx >= 0) idx = 0; |
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| 283 | return state_enum(idx); |
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| 284 | } |
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| 285 | |
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| 286 | private: |
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| 287 | |
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| 288 | struct LinearItem { |
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| 289 | LinearItem(const Item& _item, int _value) |
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| 290 | : item(_item), value(_value) {} |
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| 291 | |
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| 292 | Item item; |
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| 293 | int value; |
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| 294 | |
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| 295 | int prev, next; |
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| 296 | }; |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | ItemIntMap& index; |
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| 299 | std::vector<int> first; |
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| 300 | std::vector<LinearItem> data; |
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| 301 | mutable int minimal; |
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| 302 | |
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| 303 | }; // class LinearHeap |
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| 304 | |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | template <typename _Item, typename _ItemIntMap> |
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| 307 | class LinearHeap<_Item, _ItemIntMap, false> { |
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| 308 | |
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| 309 | public: |
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| 310 | typedef _Item Item; |
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| 311 | typedef int Prio; |
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| 312 | typedef std::pair<Item, Prio> Pair; |
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| 313 | typedef _ItemIntMap ItemIntMap; |
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| 314 | |
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| 315 | enum state_enum { |
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| 316 | IN_HEAP = 0, |
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| 317 | PRE_HEAP = -1, |
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| 318 | POST_HEAP = -2 |
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| 319 | }; |
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| 320 | |
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| 321 | public: |
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| 322 | |
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| 323 | explicit LinearHeap(ItemIntMap &_index) : index(_index), maximal(-1) {} |
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| 324 | |
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| 325 | int size() const { return data.size(); } |
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| 326 | bool empty() const { return data.empty(); } |
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| 327 | |
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| 328 | void clear() { |
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| 329 | for (int i = 0; i < (int)data.size(); ++i) { |
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| 330 | index[data[i].item] = -2; |
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| 331 | } |
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| 332 | data.clear(); first.clear(); maximal = -1; |
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| 333 | } |
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| 334 | |
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| 335 | private: |
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| 336 | |
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| 337 | void relocate_last(int idx) { |
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| 338 | if (idx + 1 != (int)data.size()) { |
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| 339 | data[idx] = data.back(); |
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| 340 | if (data[idx].prev != -1) { |
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| 341 | data[data[idx].prev].next = idx; |
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| 342 | } else { |
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| 343 | first[data[idx].value] = idx; |
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| 344 | } |
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| 345 | if (data[idx].next != -1) { |
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| 346 | data[data[idx].next].prev = idx; |
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| 347 | } |
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| 348 | index[data[idx].item] = idx; |
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| 349 | } |
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| 350 | data.pop_back(); |
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| 351 | } |
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| 352 | |
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| 353 | void unlace(int idx) { |
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| 354 | if (data[idx].prev != -1) { |
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| 355 | data[data[idx].prev].next = data[idx].next; |
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| 356 | } else { |
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| 357 | first[data[idx].value] = data[idx].next; |
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| 358 | } |
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| 359 | if (data[idx].next != -1) { |
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| 360 | data[data[idx].next].prev = data[idx].prev; |
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| 361 | } |
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| 362 | } |
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| 363 | |
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| 364 | void lace(int idx) { |
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| 365 | if ((int)first.size() <= data[idx].value) { |
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| 366 | first.resize(data[idx].value + 1, -1); |
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| 367 | } |
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| 368 | data[idx].next = first[data[idx].value]; |
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| 369 | if (data[idx].next != -1) { |
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| 370 | data[data[idx].next].prev = idx; |
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| 371 | } |
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| 372 | first[data[idx].value] = idx; |
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| 373 | data[idx].prev = -1; |
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| 374 | } |
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| 375 | |
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| 376 | public: |
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| 377 | |
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| 378 | void push(const Pair& p) { |
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| 379 | push(p.first, p.second); |
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| 380 | } |
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| 381 | |
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| 382 | void push(const Item &i, const Prio &p) { |
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| 383 | int idx = data.size(); |
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| 384 | index[i] = idx; |
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| 385 | data.push_back(LinearItem(i, p)); |
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| 386 | lace(idx); |
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| 387 | if (data[idx].value > maximal) { |
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| 388 | maximal = data[idx].value; |
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| 389 | } |
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| 390 | } |
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| 391 | |
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| 392 | Item top() const { |
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| 393 | while (first[maximal] == -1) { |
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| 394 | --maximal; |
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| 395 | } |
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| 396 | return data[first[maximal]].item; |
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| 397 | } |
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| 398 | |
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| 399 | Prio prio() const { |
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| 400 | while (first[maximal] == -1) { |
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| 401 | --maximal; |
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| 402 | } |
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| 403 | return maximal; |
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| 404 | } |
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| 405 | |
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| 406 | void pop() { |
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| 407 | while (first[maximal] == -1) { |
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| 408 | --maximal; |
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| 409 | } |
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| 410 | int idx = first[maximal]; |
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| 411 | index[data[idx].item] = -2; |
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| 412 | unlace(idx); |
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| 413 | relocate_last(idx); |
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| 414 | } |
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| 415 | |
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| 416 | void erase(const Item &i) { |
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| 417 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 418 | index[data[idx].item] = -2; |
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| 419 | unlace(idx); |
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| 420 | relocate_last(idx); |
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| 421 | } |
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| 422 | |
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| 423 | Prio operator[](const Item &i) const { |
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| 424 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 425 | return data[idx].value; |
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| 426 | } |
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| 427 | |
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| 428 | void set(const Item &i, const Prio &p) { |
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| 429 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 430 | if (idx < 0) { |
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| 431 | push(i,p); |
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| 432 | } else if (p > data[idx].value) { |
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| 433 | decrease(i, p); |
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| 434 | } else { |
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| 435 | increase(i, p); |
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| 436 | } |
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| 437 | } |
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| 438 | |
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| 439 | void decrease(const Item &i, const Prio &p) { |
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| 440 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 441 | unlace(idx); |
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| 442 | data[idx].value = p; |
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| 443 | if (p > maximal) { |
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| 444 | maximal = p; |
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| 445 | } |
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| 446 | lace(idx); |
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| 447 | } |
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| 448 | |
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| 449 | void increase(const Item &i, const Prio &p) { |
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| 450 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 451 | unlace(idx); |
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| 452 | data[idx].value = p; |
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| 453 | lace(idx); |
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| 454 | } |
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| 455 | |
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| 456 | state_enum state(const Item &i) const { |
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| 457 | int idx = index[i]; |
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| 458 | if (idx >= 0) idx = 0; |
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| 459 | return state_enum(idx); |
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| 460 | } |
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| 461 | |
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| 462 | private: |
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| 463 | |
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| 464 | struct LinearItem { |
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| 465 | LinearItem(const Item& _item, int _value) |
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| 466 | : item(_item), value(_value) {} |
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| 467 | |
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| 468 | Item item; |
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| 469 | int value; |
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| 470 | |
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| 471 | int prev, next; |
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| 472 | }; |
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| 473 | |
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| 474 | ItemIntMap& index; |
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| 475 | std::vector<int> first; |
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| 476 | std::vector<LinearItem> data; |
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| 477 | mutable int maximal; |
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| 478 | |
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| 479 | }; // class LinearHeap |
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| 480 | |
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| 481 | } |
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| 482 | |
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| 483 | #endif |
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