COIN-OR::LEMON - Graph Library

source: lemon-0.x/lemon/network_simplex.h @ 2556:74c2c81055e1

Last change on this file since 2556:74c2c81055e1 was 2556:74c2c81055e1, checked in by Peter Kovacs, 16 years ago

Cleanup in the minimum cost flow files.
The changes only affects the documentation and the look of the source codes.

File size: 28.5 KB
Line 
1/* -*- C++ -*-
2 *
3 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2008
6 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
7 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
8 *
9 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
10 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
11 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
12 *
13 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
14 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
15 * purpose.
16 *
17 */
18
19#ifndef LEMON_NETWORK_SIMPLEX_H
20#define LEMON_NETWORK_SIMPLEX_H
21
22/// \ingroup min_cost_flow
23///
24/// \file
25/// \brief The network simplex algorithm for finding a minimum cost flow.
26
27#include <limits>
28#include <lemon/graph_adaptor.h>
29#include <lemon/graph_utils.h>
30#include <lemon/smart_graph.h>
31
32/// \brief The pivot rule used in the algorithm.
33//#define FIRST_ELIGIBLE_PIVOT
34//#define BEST_ELIGIBLE_PIVOT
35#define EDGE_BLOCK_PIVOT
36//#define CANDIDATE_LIST_PIVOT
37//#define SORTED_LIST_PIVOT
38
39//#define _DEBUG_ITER_
40
41
42// State constant for edges at their lower bounds.
43#define LOWER   1
44// State constant for edges in the spanning tree.
45#define TREE    0
46// State constant for edges at their upper bounds.
47#define UPPER   -1
48
49#ifdef EDGE_BLOCK_PIVOT
50  #include <cmath>
51  #define MIN_BLOCK_SIZE        10
52#endif
53
54#ifdef CANDIDATE_LIST_PIVOT
55  #include <vector>
56  #define LIST_LENGTH_DIV       50
57  #define MINOR_LIMIT_DIV       200
58#endif
59
60#ifdef SORTED_LIST_PIVOT
61  #include <vector>
62  #include <algorithm>
63  #define LIST_LENGTH_DIV       100
64  #define LOWER_DIV             4
65#endif
66
67namespace lemon {
68
69  /// \addtogroup min_cost_flow
70  /// @{
71
72  /// \brief Implementation of the network simplex algorithm for
73  /// finding a minimum cost flow.
74  ///
75  /// \ref NetworkSimplex implements the network simplex algorithm for
76  /// finding a minimum cost flow.
77  ///
78  /// \param Graph The directed graph type the algorithm runs on.
79  /// \param LowerMap The type of the lower bound map.
80  /// \param CapacityMap The type of the capacity (upper bound) map.
81  /// \param CostMap The type of the cost (length) map.
82  /// \param SupplyMap The type of the supply map.
83  ///
84  /// \warning
85  /// - Edge capacities and costs should be non-negative integers.
86  ///   However \c CostMap::Value should be signed type.
87  /// - Supply values should be signed integers.
88  /// - \c LowerMap::Value must be convertible to
89  ///   \c CapacityMap::Value and \c CapacityMap::Value must be
90  ///   convertible to \c SupplyMap::Value.
91  ///
92  /// \author Peter Kovacs
93
94  template < typename Graph,
95             typename LowerMap = typename Graph::template EdgeMap<int>,
96             typename CapacityMap = LowerMap,
97             typename CostMap = typename Graph::template EdgeMap<int>,
98             typename SupplyMap = typename Graph::template NodeMap
99                                  <typename CapacityMap::Value> >
100  class NetworkSimplex
101  {
102    typedef typename LowerMap::Value Lower;
103    typedef typename CapacityMap::Value Capacity;
104    typedef typename CostMap::Value Cost;
105    typedef typename SupplyMap::Value Supply;
106
107    typedef SmartGraph SGraph;
108    GRAPH_TYPEDEFS(typename SGraph);
109
110    typedef typename SGraph::template EdgeMap<Lower> SLowerMap;
111    typedef typename SGraph::template EdgeMap<Capacity> SCapacityMap;
112    typedef typename SGraph::template EdgeMap<Cost> SCostMap;
113    typedef typename SGraph::template NodeMap<Supply> SSupplyMap;
114    typedef typename SGraph::template NodeMap<Cost> SPotentialMap;
115
116    typedef typename SGraph::template NodeMap<int> IntNodeMap;
117    typedef typename SGraph::template NodeMap<bool> BoolNodeMap;
118    typedef typename SGraph::template NodeMap<Node> NodeNodeMap;
119    typedef typename SGraph::template NodeMap<Edge> EdgeNodeMap;
120    typedef typename SGraph::template EdgeMap<int> IntEdgeMap;
121
122    typedef typename Graph::template NodeMap<Node> NodeRefMap;
123    typedef typename Graph::template EdgeMap<Edge> EdgeRefMap;
124
125  public:
126
127    /// The type of the flow map.
128    typedef typename Graph::template EdgeMap<Capacity> FlowMap;
129    /// The type of the potential map.
130    typedef typename Graph::template NodeMap<Cost> PotentialMap;
131
132  protected:
133
134    /// Map adaptor class for handling reduced edge costs.
135    class ReducedCostMap : public MapBase<Edge, Cost>
136    {
137    private:
138
139      const SGraph &gr;
140      const SCostMap &cost_map;
141      const SPotentialMap &pot_map;
142
143    public:
144
145      ReducedCostMap( const SGraph &_gr,
146                      const SCostMap &_cm,
147                      const SPotentialMap &_pm ) :
148        gr(_gr), cost_map(_cm), pot_map(_pm) {}
149
150      Cost operator[](const Edge &e) const {
151        return cost_map[e] - pot_map[gr.source(e)] + pot_map[gr.target(e)];
152      }
153
154    }; //class ReducedCostMap
155
156  protected:
157
158    /// The directed graph the algorithm runs on.
159    SGraph graph;
160    /// The original graph.
161    const Graph &graph_ref;
162    /// The original lower bound map.
163    const LowerMap *lower;
164    /// The capacity map.
165    SCapacityMap capacity;
166    /// The cost map.
167    SCostMap cost;
168    /// The supply map.
169    SSupplyMap supply;
170    /// The reduced cost map.
171    ReducedCostMap red_cost;
172    bool valid_supply;
173
174    /// The edge map of the current flow.
175    SCapacityMap flow;
176    /// The potential node map.
177    SPotentialMap potential;
178    FlowMap flow_result;
179    PotentialMap potential_result;
180
181    /// Node reference for the original graph.
182    NodeRefMap node_ref;
183    /// Edge reference for the original graph.
184    EdgeRefMap edge_ref;
185
186    /// The \c depth node map of the spanning tree structure.
187    IntNodeMap depth;
188    /// The \c parent node map of the spanning tree structure.
189    NodeNodeMap parent;
190    /// The \c pred_edge node map of the spanning tree structure.
191    EdgeNodeMap pred_edge;
192    /// The \c thread node map of the spanning tree structure.
193    NodeNodeMap thread;
194    /// The \c forward node map of the spanning tree structure.
195    BoolNodeMap forward;
196    /// The state edge map.
197    IntEdgeMap state;
198    /// The root node of the starting spanning tree.
199    Node root;
200
201    // The entering edge of the current pivot iteration.
202    Edge in_edge;
203    // Temporary nodes used in the current pivot iteration.
204    Node join, u_in, v_in, u_out, v_out;
205    Node right, first, second, last;
206    Node stem, par_stem, new_stem;
207    // The maximum augment amount along the found cycle in the current
208    // pivot iteration.
209    Capacity delta;
210
211#ifdef EDGE_BLOCK_PIVOT
212    /// The size of blocks for the "Edge Block" pivot rule.
213    int block_size;
214#endif
215#ifdef CANDIDATE_LIST_PIVOT
216    /// \brief The list of candidate edges for the "Candidate List"
217    /// pivot rule.
218    std::vector<Edge> candidates;
219    /// \brief The maximum length of the edge list for the
220    /// "Candidate List" pivot rule.
221    int list_length;
222    /// \brief The maximum number of minor iterations between two major
223    /// itarations.
224    int minor_limit;
225    /// \brief The number of minor iterations.
226    int minor_count;
227#endif
228#ifdef SORTED_LIST_PIVOT
229    /// \brief The list of candidate edges for the "Sorted List"
230    /// pivot rule.
231    std::vector<Edge> candidates;
232    /// \brief The maximum length of the edge list for the
233    /// "Sorted List" pivot rule.
234    int list_length;
235    int list_index;
236#endif
237
238  public :
239
240    /// \brief General constructor of the class (with lower bounds).
241    ///
242    /// General constructor of the class (with lower bounds).
243    ///
244    /// \param _graph The directed graph the algorithm runs on.
245    /// \param _lower The lower bounds of the edges.
246    /// \param _capacity The capacities (upper bounds) of the edges.
247    /// \param _cost The cost (length) values of the edges.
248    /// \param _supply The supply values of the nodes (signed).
249    NetworkSimplex( const Graph &_graph,
250                    const LowerMap &_lower,
251                    const CapacityMap &_capacity,
252                    const CostMap &_cost,
253                    const SupplyMap &_supply ) :
254      graph_ref(_graph), lower(&_lower), capacity(graph), cost(graph),
255      supply(graph), flow(graph), flow_result(_graph), potential(graph),
256      potential_result(_graph), depth(graph), parent(graph),
257      pred_edge(graph), thread(graph), forward(graph), state(graph),
258      node_ref(graph_ref), edge_ref(graph_ref),
259      red_cost(graph, cost, potential)
260    {
261      // Checking the sum of supply values
262      Supply sum = 0;
263      for (typename Graph::NodeIt n(graph_ref); n != INVALID; ++n)
264        sum += _supply[n];
265      if (!(valid_supply = sum == 0)) return;
266
267      // Copying graph_ref to graph
268      graph.reserveNode(countNodes(graph_ref) + 1);
269      graph.reserveEdge(countEdges(graph_ref) + countNodes(graph_ref));
270      copyGraph(graph, graph_ref)
271        .edgeMap(cost, _cost)
272        .nodeRef(node_ref)
273        .edgeRef(edge_ref)
274        .run();
275
276      // Removing non-zero lower bounds
277      for (typename Graph::EdgeIt e(graph_ref); e != INVALID; ++e) {
278        capacity[edge_ref[e]] = _capacity[e] - _lower[e];
279      }
280      for (typename Graph::NodeIt n(graph_ref); n != INVALID; ++n) {
281        Supply s = _supply[n];
282        for (typename Graph::InEdgeIt e(graph_ref, n); e != INVALID; ++e)
283          s += _lower[e];
284        for (typename Graph::OutEdgeIt e(graph_ref, n); e != INVALID; ++e)
285          s -= _lower[e];
286        supply[node_ref[n]] = s;
287      }
288    }
289
290    /// \brief General constructor of the class (without lower bounds).
291    ///
292    /// General constructor of the class (without lower bounds).
293    ///
294    /// \param _graph The directed graph the algorithm runs on.
295    /// \param _capacity The capacities (upper bounds) of the edges.
296    /// \param _cost The cost (length) values of the edges.
297    /// \param _supply The supply values of the nodes (signed).
298    NetworkSimplex( const Graph &_graph,
299                    const CapacityMap &_capacity,
300                    const CostMap &_cost,
301                    const SupplyMap &_supply ) :
302      graph_ref(_graph), lower(NULL), capacity(graph), cost(graph),
303      supply(graph), flow(graph), flow_result(_graph), potential(graph),
304      potential_result(_graph), depth(graph), parent(graph),
305      pred_edge(graph), thread(graph), forward(graph), state(graph),
306      node_ref(graph_ref), edge_ref(graph_ref),
307      red_cost(graph, cost, potential)
308    {
309      // Checking the sum of supply values
310      Supply sum = 0;
311      for (typename Graph::NodeIt n(graph_ref); n != INVALID; ++n)
312        sum += _supply[n];
313      if (!(valid_supply = sum == 0)) return;
314
315      // Copying graph_ref to graph
316      copyGraph(graph, graph_ref)
317        .edgeMap(capacity, _capacity)
318        .edgeMap(cost, _cost)
319        .nodeMap(supply, _supply)
320        .nodeRef(node_ref)
321        .edgeRef(edge_ref)
322        .run();
323    }
324
325    /// \brief Simple constructor of the class (with lower bounds).
326    ///
327    /// Simple constructor of the class (with lower bounds).
328    ///
329    /// \param _graph The directed graph the algorithm runs on.
330    /// \param _lower The lower bounds of the edges.
331    /// \param _capacity The capacities (upper bounds) of the edges.
332    /// \param _cost The cost (length) values of the edges.
333    /// \param _s The source node.
334    /// \param _t The target node.
335    /// \param _flow_value The required amount of flow from node \c _s
336    /// to node \c _t (i.e. the supply of \c _s and the demand of \c _t).
337    NetworkSimplex( const Graph &_graph,
338                    const LowerMap &_lower,
339                    const CapacityMap &_capacity,
340                    const CostMap &_cost,
341                    typename Graph::Node _s,
342                    typename Graph::Node _t,
343                    typename SupplyMap::Value _flow_value ) :
344      graph_ref(_graph), lower(&_lower), capacity(graph), cost(graph),
345      supply(graph), flow(graph), flow_result(_graph), potential(graph),
346      potential_result(_graph), depth(graph), parent(graph),
347      pred_edge(graph), thread(graph), forward(graph), state(graph),
348      node_ref(graph_ref), edge_ref(graph_ref),
349      red_cost(graph, cost, potential)
350    {
351      // Copying graph_ref to graph
352      copyGraph(graph, graph_ref)
353        .edgeMap(cost, _cost)
354        .nodeRef(node_ref)
355        .edgeRef(edge_ref)
356        .run();
357
358      // Removing non-zero lower bounds
359      for (typename Graph::EdgeIt e(graph_ref); e != INVALID; ++e) {
360        capacity[edge_ref[e]] = _capacity[e] - _lower[e];
361      }
362      for (typename Graph::NodeIt n(graph_ref); n != INVALID; ++n) {
363        Supply s = 0;
364        if (n == _s) s =  _flow_value;
365        if (n == _t) s = -_flow_value;
366        for (typename Graph::InEdgeIt e(graph_ref, n); e != INVALID; ++e)
367          s += _lower[e];
368        for (typename Graph::OutEdgeIt e(graph_ref, n); e != INVALID; ++e)
369          s -= _lower[e];
370        supply[node_ref[n]] = s;
371      }
372      valid_supply = true;
373    }
374
375    /// \brief Simple constructor of the class (without lower bounds).
376    ///
377    /// Simple constructor of the class (without lower bounds).
378    ///
379    /// \param _graph The directed graph the algorithm runs on.
380    /// \param _capacity The capacities (upper bounds) of the edges.
381    /// \param _cost The cost (length) values of the edges.
382    /// \param _s The source node.
383    /// \param _t The target node.
384    /// \param _flow_value The required amount of flow from node \c _s
385    /// to node \c _t (i.e. the supply of \c _s and the demand of \c _t).
386    NetworkSimplex( const Graph &_graph,
387                    const CapacityMap &_capacity,
388                    const CostMap &_cost,
389                    typename Graph::Node _s,
390                    typename Graph::Node _t,
391                    typename SupplyMap::Value _flow_value ) :
392      graph_ref(_graph), lower(NULL), capacity(graph), cost(graph),
393      supply(graph, 0), flow(graph), flow_result(_graph), potential(graph),
394      potential_result(_graph), depth(graph), parent(graph),
395      pred_edge(graph), thread(graph), forward(graph), state(graph),
396      node_ref(graph_ref), edge_ref(graph_ref),
397      red_cost(graph, cost, potential)
398    {
399      // Copying graph_ref to graph
400      copyGraph(graph, graph_ref)
401        .edgeMap(capacity, _capacity)
402        .edgeMap(cost, _cost)
403        .nodeRef(node_ref)
404        .edgeRef(edge_ref)
405        .run();
406      supply[node_ref[_s]] =  _flow_value;
407      supply[node_ref[_t]] = -_flow_value;
408      valid_supply = true;
409    }
410
411    /// \brief Runs the algorithm.
412    ///
413    /// Runs the algorithm.
414    ///
415    /// \return \c true if a feasible flow can be found.
416    bool run() {
417      return init() && start();
418    }
419
420    /// \brief Returns a const reference to the flow map.
421    ///
422    /// Returns a const reference to the flow map.
423    ///
424    /// \pre \ref run() must be called before using this function.
425    const FlowMap& flowMap() const {
426      return flow_result;
427    }
428
429    /// \brief Returns a const reference to the potential map (the dual
430    /// solution).
431    ///
432    /// Returns a const reference to the potential map (the dual
433    /// solution).
434    ///
435    /// \pre \ref run() must be called before using this function.
436    const PotentialMap& potentialMap() const {
437      return potential_result;
438    }
439
440    /// \brief Returns the total cost of the found flow.
441    ///
442    /// Returns the total cost of the found flow. The complexity of the
443    /// function is \f$ O(e) \f$.
444    ///
445    /// \pre \ref run() must be called before using this function.
446    Cost totalCost() const {
447      Cost c = 0;
448      for (typename Graph::EdgeIt e(graph_ref); e != INVALID; ++e)
449        c += flow_result[e] * cost[edge_ref[e]];
450      return c;
451    }
452
453  protected:
454
455    /// \brief Extends the underlaying graph and initializes all the
456    /// node and edge maps.
457    bool init() {
458      if (!valid_supply) return false;
459
460      // Initializing state and flow maps
461      for (EdgeIt e(graph); e != INVALID; ++e) {
462        flow[e] = 0;
463        state[e] = LOWER;
464      }
465
466      // Adding an artificial root node to the graph
467      root = graph.addNode();
468      parent[root] = INVALID;
469      pred_edge[root] = INVALID;
470      depth[root] = 0;
471      supply[root] = 0;
472      potential[root] = 0;
473
474      // Adding artificial edges to the graph and initializing the node
475      // maps of the spanning tree data structure
476      Supply sum = 0;
477      Node last = root;
478      Edge e;
479      Cost max_cost = std::numeric_limits<Cost>::max() / 4;
480      for (NodeIt u(graph); u != INVALID; ++u) {
481        if (u == root) continue;
482        thread[last] = u;
483        last = u;
484        parent[u] = root;
485        depth[u] = 1;
486        sum += supply[u];
487        if (supply[u] >= 0) {
488          e = graph.addEdge(u, root);
489          flow[e] = supply[u];
490          forward[u] = true;
491          potential[u] = max_cost;
492        } else {
493          e = graph.addEdge(root, u);
494          flow[e] = -supply[u];
495          forward[u] = false;
496          potential[u] = -max_cost;
497        }
498        cost[e] = max_cost;
499        capacity[e] = std::numeric_limits<Capacity>::max();
500        state[e] = TREE;
501        pred_edge[u] = e;
502      }
503      thread[last] = root;
504
505#ifdef EDGE_BLOCK_PIVOT
506      // Initializing block_size for the edge block pivot rule
507      int edge_num = countEdges(graph);
508      block_size = 2 * int(sqrt(countEdges(graph)));
509      if (block_size < MIN_BLOCK_SIZE) block_size = MIN_BLOCK_SIZE;
510#endif
511#ifdef CANDIDATE_LIST_PIVOT
512      int edge_num = countEdges(graph);
513      minor_count = 0;
514      list_length = edge_num / LIST_LENGTH_DIV;
515      minor_limit = edge_num / MINOR_LIMIT_DIV;
516#endif
517#ifdef SORTED_LIST_PIVOT
518      int edge_num = countEdges(graph);
519      list_index = 0;
520      list_length = edge_num / LIST_LENGTH_DIV;
521#endif
522
523      return sum == 0;
524    }
525
526#ifdef FIRST_ELIGIBLE_PIVOT
527    /// \brief Finds entering edge according to the "First Eligible"
528    /// pivot rule.
529    bool findEnteringEdge(EdgeIt &next_edge) {
530      for (EdgeIt e = next_edge; e != INVALID; ++e) {
531        if (state[e] * red_cost[e] < 0) {
532          in_edge = e;
533          next_edge = ++e;
534          return true;
535        }
536      }
537      for (EdgeIt e(graph); e != next_edge; ++e) {
538        if (state[e] * red_cost[e] < 0) {
539          in_edge = e;
540          next_edge = ++e;
541          return true;
542        }
543      }
544      return false;
545    }
546#endif
547
548#ifdef BEST_ELIGIBLE_PIVOT
549    /// \brief Finds entering edge according to the "Best Eligible"
550    /// pivot rule.
551    bool findEnteringEdge() {
552      Cost min = 0;
553      for (EdgeIt e(graph); e != INVALID; ++e) {
554        if (state[e] * red_cost[e] < min) {
555          min = state[e] * red_cost[e];
556          in_edge = e;
557        }
558      }
559      return min < 0;
560    }
561#endif
562
563#ifdef EDGE_BLOCK_PIVOT
564    /// \brief Finds entering edge according to the "Edge Block"
565    /// pivot rule.
566    bool findEnteringEdge(EdgeIt &next_edge) {
567      // Performing edge block selection
568      Cost curr, min = 0;
569      EdgeIt min_edge(graph);
570      int cnt = 0;
571      for (EdgeIt e = next_edge; e != INVALID; ++e) {
572        if ((curr = state[e] * red_cost[e]) < min) {
573          min = curr;
574          min_edge = e;
575        }
576        if (++cnt == block_size) {
577          if (min < 0) break;
578          cnt = 0;
579        }
580      }
581      if (!(min < 0)) {
582        for (EdgeIt e(graph); e != next_edge; ++e) {
583          if ((curr = state[e] * red_cost[e]) < min) {
584            min = curr;
585            min_edge = e;
586          }
587          if (++cnt == block_size) {
588            if (min < 0) break;
589            cnt = 0;
590          }
591        }
592      }
593      in_edge = min_edge;
594      if ((next_edge = ++min_edge) == INVALID)
595        next_edge = EdgeIt(graph);
596      return min < 0;
597    }
598#endif
599
600#ifdef CANDIDATE_LIST_PIVOT
601    /// \brief Finds entering edge according to the "Candidate List"
602    /// pivot rule.
603    bool findEnteringEdge() {
604      typedef typename std::vector<Edge>::iterator ListIt;
605
606      if (minor_count >= minor_limit || candidates.size() == 0) {
607        // Major iteration
608        candidates.clear();
609        for (EdgeIt e(graph); e != INVALID; ++e) {
610          if (state[e] * red_cost[e] < 0) {
611            candidates.push_back(e);
612            if (candidates.size() == list_length) break;
613          }
614        }
615        if (candidates.size() == 0) return false;
616      }
617
618      // Minor iteration
619      ++minor_count;
620      Cost min = 0;
621      Edge e;
622      for (int i = 0; i < candidates.size(); ++i) {
623        e = candidates[i];
624        if (state[e] * red_cost[e] < min) {
625          min = state[e] * red_cost[e];
626          in_edge = e;
627        }
628      }
629      return true;
630    }
631#endif
632
633#ifdef SORTED_LIST_PIVOT
634    /// \brief Functor class to compare edges during sort of the
635    /// candidate list.
636    class SortFunc
637    {
638    private:
639      const IntEdgeMap &st;
640      const ReducedCostMap &rc;
641    public:
642      SortFunc(const IntEdgeMap &_st, const ReducedCostMap &_rc) :
643        st(_st), rc(_rc) {}
644      bool operator()(const Edge &e1, const Edge &e2) {
645        return st[e1] * rc[e1] < st[e2] * rc[e2];
646      }
647    };
648
649    /// \brief Finds entering edge according to the "Sorted List"
650    /// pivot rule.
651    bool findEnteringEdge() {
652      static SortFunc sort_func(state, red_cost);
653
654      // Minor iteration
655      while (list_index < candidates.size()) {
656        in_edge = candidates[list_index++];
657        if (state[in_edge] * red_cost[in_edge] < 0) return true;
658      }
659
660      // Major iteration
661      candidates.clear();
662      Cost curr, min = 0;
663      for (EdgeIt e(graph); e != INVALID; ++e) {
664        if ((curr = state[e] * red_cost[e]) < min / LOWER_DIV) {
665          candidates.push_back(e);
666          if (curr < min) min = curr;
667          if (candidates.size() == list_length) break;
668        }
669      }
670      if (candidates.size() == 0) return false;
671      sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end(), sort_func);
672      in_edge = candidates[0];
673      list_index = 1;
674      return true;
675    }
676#endif
677
678    /// \brief Finds the join node.
679    Node findJoinNode() {
680      // Finding the join node
681      Node u = graph.source(in_edge);
682      Node v = graph.target(in_edge);
683      while (u != v) {
684        if (depth[u] == depth[v]) {
685          u = parent[u];
686          v = parent[v];
687        }
688        else if (depth[u] > depth[v]) u = parent[u];
689        else v = parent[v];
690      }
691      return u;
692    }
693
694    /// \brief Finds the leaving edge of the cycle. Returns \c true if
695    /// the leaving edge is not the same as the entering edge.
696    bool findLeavingEdge() {
697      // Initializing first and second nodes according to the direction
698      // of the cycle
699      if (state[in_edge] == LOWER) {
700        first = graph.source(in_edge);
701        second  = graph.target(in_edge);
702      } else {
703        first = graph.target(in_edge);
704        second  = graph.source(in_edge);
705      }
706      delta = capacity[in_edge];
707      bool result = false;
708      Capacity d;
709      Edge e;
710
711      // Searching the cycle along the path form the first node to the
712      // root node
713      for (Node u = first; u != join; u = parent[u]) {
714        e = pred_edge[u];
715        d = forward[u] ? flow[e] : capacity[e] - flow[e];
716        if (d < delta) {
717          delta = d;
718          u_out = u;
719          u_in = first;
720          v_in = second;
721          result = true;
722        }
723      }
724      // Searching the cycle along the path form the second node to the
725      // root node
726      for (Node u = second; u != join; u = parent[u]) {
727        e = pred_edge[u];
728        d = forward[u] ? capacity[e] - flow[e] : flow[e];
729        if (d <= delta) {
730          delta = d;
731          u_out = u;
732          u_in = second;
733          v_in = first;
734          result = true;
735        }
736      }
737      return result;
738    }
739
740    /// \brief Changes \c flow and \c state edge maps.
741    void changeFlows(bool change) {
742      // Augmenting along the cycle
743      if (delta > 0) {
744        Capacity val = state[in_edge] * delta;
745        flow[in_edge] += val;
746        for (Node u = graph.source(in_edge); u != join; u = parent[u]) {
747          flow[pred_edge[u]] += forward[u] ? -val : val;
748        }
749        for (Node u = graph.target(in_edge); u != join; u = parent[u]) {
750          flow[pred_edge[u]] += forward[u] ? val : -val;
751        }
752      }
753      // Updating the state of the entering and leaving edges
754      if (change) {
755        state[in_edge] = TREE;
756        state[pred_edge[u_out]] =
757          (flow[pred_edge[u_out]] == 0) ? LOWER : UPPER;
758      } else {
759        state[in_edge] = -state[in_edge];
760      }
761    }
762
763    /// \brief Updates \c thread and \c parent node maps.
764    void updateThreadParent() {
765      Node u;
766      v_out = parent[u_out];
767
768      // Handling the case when join and v_out coincide
769      bool par_first = false;
770      if (join == v_out) {
771        for (u = join; u != u_in && u != v_in; u = thread[u]) ;
772        if (u == v_in) {
773          par_first = true;
774          while (thread[u] != u_out) u = thread[u];
775          first = u;
776        }
777      }
778
779      // Finding the last successor of u_in (u) and the node after it
780      // (right) according to the thread index
781      for (u = u_in; depth[thread[u]] > depth[u_in]; u = thread[u]) ;
782      right = thread[u];
783      if (thread[v_in] == u_out) {
784        for (last = u; depth[last] > depth[u_out]; last = thread[last]) ;
785        if (last == u_out) last = thread[last];
786      }
787      else last = thread[v_in];
788
789      // Updating stem nodes
790      thread[v_in] = stem = u_in;
791      par_stem = v_in;
792      while (stem != u_out) {
793        thread[u] = new_stem = parent[stem];
794
795        // Finding the node just before the stem node (u) according to
796        // the original thread index
797        for (u = new_stem; thread[u] != stem; u = thread[u]) ;
798        thread[u] = right;
799
800        // Changing the parent node of stem and shifting stem and
801        // par_stem nodes
802        parent[stem] = par_stem;
803        par_stem = stem;
804        stem = new_stem;
805
806        // Finding the last successor of stem (u) and the node after it
807        // (right) according to the thread index
808        for (u = stem; depth[thread[u]] > depth[stem]; u = thread[u]) ;
809        right = thread[u];
810      }
811      parent[u_out] = par_stem;
812      thread[u] = last;
813
814      if (join == v_out && par_first) {
815        if (first != v_in) thread[first] = right;
816      } else {
817        for (u = v_out; thread[u] != u_out; u = thread[u]) ;
818        thread[u] = right;
819      }
820    }
821
822    /// \brief Updates \c pred_edge and \c forward node maps.
823    void updatePredEdge() {
824      Node u = u_out, v;
825      while (u != u_in) {
826        v = parent[u];
827        pred_edge[u] = pred_edge[v];
828        forward[u] = !forward[v];
829        u = v;
830      }
831      pred_edge[u_in] = in_edge;
832      forward[u_in] = (u_in == graph.source(in_edge));
833    }
834
835    /// \brief Updates \c depth and \c potential node maps.
836    void updateDepthPotential() {
837      depth[u_in] = depth[v_in] + 1;
838      potential[u_in] = forward[u_in] ?
839        potential[v_in] + cost[pred_edge[u_in]] :
840        potential[v_in] - cost[pred_edge[u_in]];
841
842      Node u = thread[u_in], v;
843      while (true) {
844        v = parent[u];
845        if (v == INVALID) break;
846        depth[u] = depth[v] + 1;
847        potential[u] = forward[u] ?
848          potential[v] + cost[pred_edge[u]] :
849          potential[v] - cost[pred_edge[u]];
850        if (depth[u] <= depth[v_in]) break;
851        u = thread[u];
852      }
853    }
854
855    /// \brief Executes the algorithm.
856    bool start() {
857      // Processing pivots
858#ifdef _DEBUG_ITER_
859      int iter_num = 0;
860#endif
861#if defined(FIRST_ELIGIBLE_PIVOT) || defined(EDGE_BLOCK_PIVOT)
862      EdgeIt next_edge(graph);
863      while (findEnteringEdge(next_edge))
864#else
865      while (findEnteringEdge())
866#endif
867      {
868        join = findJoinNode();
869        bool change = findLeavingEdge();
870        changeFlows(change);
871        if (change) {
872          updateThreadParent();
873          updatePredEdge();
874          updateDepthPotential();
875        }
876#ifdef _DEBUG_ITER_
877        ++iter_num;
878#endif
879      }
880
881#ifdef _DEBUG_ITER_
882      std::cout << "Network Simplex algorithm finished. " << iter_num
883                << " pivot iterations performed." << std::endl;
884#endif
885
886      // Checking if the flow amount equals zero on all the
887      // artificial edges
888      for (InEdgeIt e(graph, root); e != INVALID; ++e)
889        if (flow[e] > 0) return false;
890      for (OutEdgeIt e(graph, root); e != INVALID; ++e)
891        if (flow[e] > 0) return false;
892
893      // Copying flow values to flow_result
894      if (lower) {
895        for (typename Graph::EdgeIt e(graph_ref); e != INVALID; ++e)
896          flow_result[e] = (*lower)[e] + flow[edge_ref[e]];
897      } else {
898        for (typename Graph::EdgeIt e(graph_ref); e != INVALID; ++e)
899          flow_result[e] = flow[edge_ref[e]];
900      }
901      // Copying potential values to potential_result
902      for (typename Graph::NodeIt n(graph_ref); n != INVALID; ++n)
903        potential_result[n] = potential[node_ref[n]];
904
905      return true;
906    }
907
908  }; //class NetworkSimplex
909
910  ///@}
911
912} //namespace lemon
913
914#endif //LEMON_NETWORK_SIMPLEX_H
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