1 | /* -*- C++ -*- |
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2 | * |
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3 | * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library |
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4 | * |
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5 | * Copyright (C) 2003-2008 |
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6 | * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport |
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7 | * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES). |
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8 | * |
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9 | * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted |
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10 | * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For |
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11 | * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file. |
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12 | * |
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13 | * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind, |
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14 | * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any |
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15 | * purpose. |
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16 | * |
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17 | */ |
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18 | |
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19 | #ifndef LEMON_HARTMANN_ORLIN_H |
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20 | #define LEMON_HARTMANN_ORLIN_H |
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21 | |
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22 | /// \ingroup min_mean_cycle |
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23 | /// |
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24 | /// \file |
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25 | /// \brief Hartmann-Orlin's algorithm for finding a minimum mean cycle. |
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26 | |
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27 | #include <vector> |
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28 | #include <limits> |
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29 | #include <lemon/core.h> |
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30 | #include <lemon/path.h> |
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31 | #include <lemon/tolerance.h> |
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32 | #include <lemon/connectivity.h> |
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33 | |
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34 | namespace lemon { |
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35 | |
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36 | /// \brief Default traits class of HartmannOrlin algorithm. |
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37 | /// |
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38 | /// Default traits class of HartmannOrlin algorithm. |
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39 | /// \tparam GR The type of the digraph. |
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40 | /// \tparam LEN The type of the length map. |
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41 | /// It must conform to the \ref concepts::Rea_data "Rea_data" concept. |
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42 | #ifdef DOXYGEN |
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43 | template <typename GR, typename LEN> |
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44 | #else |
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45 | template <typename GR, typename LEN, |
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46 | bool integer = std::numeric_limits<typename LEN::Value>::is_integer> |
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47 | #endif |
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48 | struct HartmannOrlinDefaultTraits |
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49 | { |
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50 | /// The type of the digraph |
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51 | typedef GR Digraph; |
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52 | /// The type of the length map |
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53 | typedef LEN LengthMap; |
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54 | /// The type of the arc lengths |
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55 | typedef typename LengthMap::Value Value; |
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56 | |
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57 | /// \brief The large value type used for internal computations |
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58 | /// |
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59 | /// The large value type used for internal computations. |
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60 | /// It is \c long \c long if the \c Value type is integer, |
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61 | /// otherwise it is \c double. |
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62 | /// \c Value must be convertible to \c LargeValue. |
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63 | typedef double LargeValue; |
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64 | |
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65 | /// The tolerance type used for internal computations |
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66 | typedef lemon::Tolerance<LargeValue> Tolerance; |
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67 | |
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68 | /// \brief The path type of the found cycles |
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69 | /// |
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70 | /// The path type of the found cycles. |
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71 | /// It must conform to the \ref lemon::concepts::Path "Path" concept |
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72 | /// and it must have an \c addBack() function. |
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73 | typedef lemon::Path<Digraph> Path; |
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74 | }; |
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75 | |
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76 | // Default traits class for integer value types |
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77 | template <typename GR, typename LEN> |
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78 | struct HartmannOrlinDefaultTraits<GR, LEN, true> |
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79 | { |
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80 | typedef GR Digraph; |
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81 | typedef LEN LengthMap; |
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82 | typedef typename LengthMap::Value Value; |
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83 | #ifdef LEMON_HAVE_LONG_LONG |
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84 | typedef long long LargeValue; |
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85 | #else |
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86 | typedef long LargeValue; |
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87 | #endif |
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88 | typedef lemon::Tolerance<LargeValue> Tolerance; |
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89 | typedef lemon::Path<Digraph> Path; |
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90 | }; |
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91 | |
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92 | |
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93 | /// \addtogroup min_mean_cycle |
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94 | /// @{ |
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95 | |
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96 | /// \brief Implementation of the Hartmann-Orlin algorithm for finding |
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97 | /// a minimum mean cycle. |
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98 | /// |
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99 | /// This class implements the Hartmann-Orlin algorithm for finding |
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100 | /// a directed cycle of minimum mean length (cost) in a digraph |
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101 | /// \ref amo93networkflows, \ref dasdan98minmeancycle. |
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102 | /// It is an improved version of \ref Karp "Karp"'s original algorithm, |
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103 | /// it applies an efficient early termination scheme. |
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104 | /// It runs in time O(ne) and uses space O(n<sup>2</sup>+e). |
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105 | /// |
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106 | /// \tparam GR The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on. |
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107 | /// \tparam LEN The type of the length map. The default |
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108 | /// map type is \ref concepts::Digraph::ArcMap "GR::ArcMap<int>". |
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109 | #ifdef DOXYGEN |
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110 | template <typename GR, typename LEN, typename TR> |
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111 | #else |
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112 | template < typename GR, |
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113 | typename LEN = typename GR::template ArcMap<int>, |
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114 | typename TR = HartmannOrlinDefaultTraits<GR, LEN> > |
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115 | #endif |
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116 | class HartmannOrlin |
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117 | { |
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118 | public: |
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119 | |
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120 | /// The type of the digraph |
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121 | typedef typename TR::Digraph Digraph; |
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122 | /// The type of the length map |
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123 | typedef typename TR::LengthMap LengthMap; |
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124 | /// The type of the arc lengths |
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125 | typedef typename TR::Value Value; |
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126 | |
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127 | /// \brief The large value type |
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128 | /// |
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129 | /// The large value type used for internal computations. |
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130 | /// Using the \ref HartmannOrlinDefaultTraits "default traits class", |
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131 | /// it is \c long \c long if the \c Value type is integer, |
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132 | /// otherwise it is \c double. |
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133 | typedef typename TR::LargeValue LargeValue; |
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134 | |
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135 | /// The tolerance type |
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136 | typedef typename TR::Tolerance Tolerance; |
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137 | |
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138 | /// \brief The path type of the found cycles |
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139 | /// |
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140 | /// The path type of the found cycles. |
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141 | /// Using the \ref HartmannOrlinDefaultTraits "default traits class", |
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142 | /// it is \ref lemon::Path "Path<Digraph>". |
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143 | typedef typename TR::Path Path; |
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144 | |
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145 | /// The \ref HartmannOrlinDefaultTraits "traits class" of the algorithm |
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146 | typedef TR Traits; |
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147 | |
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148 | private: |
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149 | |
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150 | TEMPLATE_DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Digraph); |
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151 | |
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152 | // Data sturcture for path data |
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153 | struct PathData |
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154 | { |
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155 | LargeValue dist; |
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156 | Arc pred; |
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157 | PathData(LargeValue d, Arc p = INVALID) : |
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158 | dist(d), pred(p) {} |
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159 | }; |
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160 | |
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161 | typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<std::vector<PathData> > |
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162 | PathDataNodeMap; |
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163 | |
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164 | private: |
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165 | |
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166 | // The digraph the algorithm runs on |
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167 | const Digraph &_gr; |
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168 | // The length of the arcs |
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169 | const LengthMap &_length; |
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170 | |
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171 | // Data for storing the strongly connected components |
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172 | int _comp_num; |
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173 | typename Digraph::template NodeMap<int> _comp; |
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174 | std::vector<std::vector<Node> > _comp_nodes; |
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175 | std::vector<Node>* _nodes; |
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176 | typename Digraph::template NodeMap<std::vector<Arc> > _out_arcs; |
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177 | |
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178 | // Data for the found cycles |
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179 | bool _curr_found, _best_found; |
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180 | LargeValue _curr_length, _best_length; |
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181 | int _curr_size, _best_size; |
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182 | Node _curr_node, _best_node; |
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183 | int _curr_level, _best_level; |
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184 | |
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185 | Path *_cycle_path; |
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186 | bool _local_path; |
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187 | |
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188 | // Node map for storing path data |
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189 | PathDataNodeMap _data; |
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190 | // The processed nodes in the last round |
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191 | std::vector<Node> _process; |
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192 | |
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193 | Tolerance _tolerance; |
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194 | |
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195 | // Infinite constant |
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196 | const LargeValue INF; |
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197 | |
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198 | public: |
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199 | |
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200 | /// \name Named Template Parameters |
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201 | /// @{ |
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202 | |
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203 | template <typename T> |
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204 | struct SetLargeValueTraits : public Traits { |
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205 | typedef T LargeValue; |
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206 | typedef lemon::Tolerance<T> Tolerance; |
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207 | }; |
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208 | |
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209 | /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting |
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210 | /// \c LargeValue type. |
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211 | /// |
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212 | /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting \c LargeValue |
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213 | /// type. It is used for internal computations in the algorithm. |
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214 | template <typename T> |
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215 | struct SetLargeValue |
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216 | : public HartmannOrlin<GR, LEN, SetLargeValueTraits<T> > { |
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217 | typedef HartmannOrlin<GR, LEN, SetLargeValueTraits<T> > Create; |
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218 | }; |
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219 | |
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220 | template <typename T> |
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221 | struct SetPathTraits : public Traits { |
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222 | typedef T Path; |
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223 | }; |
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224 | |
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225 | /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting |
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226 | /// \c %Path type. |
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227 | /// |
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228 | /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting the \c %Path |
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229 | /// type of the found cycles. |
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230 | /// It must conform to the \ref lemon::concepts::Path "Path" concept |
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231 | /// and it must have an \c addFront() function. |
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232 | template <typename T> |
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233 | struct SetPath |
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234 | : public HartmannOrlin<GR, LEN, SetPathTraits<T> > { |
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235 | typedef HartmannOrlin<GR, LEN, SetPathTraits<T> > Create; |
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236 | }; |
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237 | |
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238 | /// @} |
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239 | |
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240 | public: |
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241 | |
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242 | /// \brief Constructor. |
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243 | /// |
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244 | /// The constructor of the class. |
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245 | /// |
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246 | /// \param digraph The digraph the algorithm runs on. |
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247 | /// \param length The lengths (costs) of the arcs. |
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248 | HartmannOrlin( const Digraph &digraph, |
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249 | const LengthMap &length ) : |
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250 | _gr(digraph), _length(length), _comp(digraph), _out_arcs(digraph), |
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251 | _best_found(false), _best_length(0), _best_size(1), |
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252 | _cycle_path(NULL), _local_path(false), _data(digraph), |
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253 | INF(std::numeric_limits<LargeValue>::has_infinity ? |
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254 | std::numeric_limits<LargeValue>::infinity() : |
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255 | std::numeric_limits<LargeValue>::max()) |
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256 | {} |
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257 | |
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258 | /// Destructor. |
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259 | ~HartmannOrlin() { |
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260 | if (_local_path) delete _cycle_path; |
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261 | } |
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262 | |
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263 | /// \brief Set the path structure for storing the found cycle. |
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264 | /// |
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265 | /// This function sets an external path structure for storing the |
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266 | /// found cycle. |
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267 | /// |
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268 | /// If you don't call this function before calling \ref run() or |
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269 | /// \ref findMinMean(), it will allocate a local \ref Path "path" |
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270 | /// structure. The destuctor deallocates this automatically |
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271 | /// allocated object, of course. |
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272 | /// |
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273 | /// \note The algorithm calls only the \ref lemon::Path::addFront() |
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274 | /// "addFront()" function of the given path structure. |
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275 | /// |
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276 | /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt> |
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277 | HartmannOrlin& cycle(Path &path) { |
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278 | if (_local_path) { |
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279 | delete _cycle_path; |
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280 | _local_path = false; |
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281 | } |
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282 | _cycle_path = &path; |
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283 | return *this; |
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284 | } |
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285 | |
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286 | /// \brief Set the tolerance used by the algorithm. |
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287 | /// |
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288 | /// This function sets the tolerance object used by the algorithm. |
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289 | /// |
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290 | /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt> |
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291 | HartmannOrlin& tolerance(const Tolerance& tolerance) { |
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292 | _tolerance = tolerance; |
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293 | return *this; |
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294 | } |
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295 | |
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296 | /// \brief Return a const reference to the tolerance. |
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297 | /// |
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298 | /// This function returns a const reference to the tolerance object |
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299 | /// used by the algorithm. |
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300 | const Tolerance& tolerance() const { |
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301 | return _tolerance; |
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302 | } |
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303 | |
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304 | /// \name Execution control |
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305 | /// The simplest way to execute the algorithm is to call the \ref run() |
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306 | /// function.\n |
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307 | /// If you only need the minimum mean length, you may call |
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308 | /// \ref findMinMean(). |
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309 | |
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310 | /// @{ |
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311 | |
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312 | /// \brief Run the algorithm. |
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313 | /// |
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314 | /// This function runs the algorithm. |
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315 | /// It can be called more than once (e.g. if the underlying digraph |
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316 | /// and/or the arc lengths have been modified). |
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317 | /// |
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318 | /// \return \c true if a directed cycle exists in the digraph. |
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319 | /// |
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320 | /// \note <tt>mmc.run()</tt> is just a shortcut of the following code. |
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321 | /// \code |
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322 | /// return mmc.findMinMean() && mmc.findCycle(); |
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323 | /// \endcode |
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324 | bool run() { |
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325 | return findMinMean() && findCycle(); |
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326 | } |
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327 | |
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328 | /// \brief Find the minimum cycle mean. |
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329 | /// |
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330 | /// This function finds the minimum mean length of the directed |
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331 | /// cycles in the digraph. |
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332 | /// |
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333 | /// \return \c true if a directed cycle exists in the digraph. |
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334 | bool findMinMean() { |
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335 | // Initialization and find strongly connected components |
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336 | init(); |
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337 | findComponents(); |
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338 | |
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339 | // Find the minimum cycle mean in the components |
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340 | for (int comp = 0; comp < _comp_num; ++comp) { |
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341 | if (!initComponent(comp)) continue; |
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342 | processRounds(); |
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343 | |
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344 | // Update the best cycle (global minimum mean cycle) |
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345 | if ( _curr_found && (!_best_found || |
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346 | _curr_length * _best_size < _best_length * _curr_size) ) { |
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347 | _best_found = true; |
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348 | _best_length = _curr_length; |
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349 | _best_size = _curr_size; |
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350 | _best_node = _curr_node; |
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351 | _best_level = _curr_level; |
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352 | } |
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353 | } |
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354 | return _best_found; |
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355 | } |
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356 | |
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357 | /// \brief Find a minimum mean directed cycle. |
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358 | /// |
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359 | /// This function finds a directed cycle of minimum mean length |
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360 | /// in the digraph using the data computed by findMinMean(). |
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361 | /// |
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362 | /// \return \c true if a directed cycle exists in the digraph. |
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363 | /// |
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364 | /// \pre \ref findMinMean() must be called before using this function. |
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365 | bool findCycle() { |
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366 | if (!_best_found) return false; |
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367 | IntNodeMap reached(_gr, -1); |
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368 | int r = _best_level + 1; |
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369 | Node u = _best_node; |
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370 | while (reached[u] < 0) { |
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371 | reached[u] = --r; |
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372 | u = _gr.source(_data[u][r].pred); |
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373 | } |
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374 | r = reached[u]; |
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375 | Arc e = _data[u][r].pred; |
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376 | _cycle_path->addFront(e); |
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377 | _best_length = _length[e]; |
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378 | _best_size = 1; |
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379 | Node v; |
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380 | while ((v = _gr.source(e)) != u) { |
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381 | e = _data[v][--r].pred; |
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382 | _cycle_path->addFront(e); |
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383 | _best_length += _length[e]; |
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384 | ++_best_size; |
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385 | } |
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386 | return true; |
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387 | } |
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388 | |
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389 | /// @} |
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390 | |
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391 | /// \name Query Functions |
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392 | /// The results of the algorithm can be obtained using these |
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393 | /// functions.\n |
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394 | /// The algorithm should be executed before using them. |
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395 | |
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396 | /// @{ |
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397 | |
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398 | /// \brief Return the total length of the found cycle. |
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399 | /// |
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400 | /// This function returns the total length of the found cycle. |
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401 | /// |
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402 | /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findMinMean() must be called before |
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403 | /// using this function. |
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404 | LargeValue cycleLength() const { |
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405 | return _best_length; |
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406 | } |
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407 | |
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408 | /// \brief Return the number of arcs on the found cycle. |
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409 | /// |
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410 | /// This function returns the number of arcs on the found cycle. |
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411 | /// |
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412 | /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findMinMean() must be called before |
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413 | /// using this function. |
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414 | int cycleArcNum() const { |
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415 | return _best_size; |
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416 | } |
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417 | |
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418 | /// \brief Return the mean length of the found cycle. |
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419 | /// |
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420 | /// This function returns the mean length of the found cycle. |
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421 | /// |
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422 | /// \note <tt>alg.cycleMean()</tt> is just a shortcut of the |
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423 | /// following code. |
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424 | /// \code |
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425 | /// return static_cast<double>(alg.cycleLength()) / alg.cycleArcNum(); |
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426 | /// \endcode |
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427 | /// |
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428 | /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findMinMean() must be called before |
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429 | /// using this function. |
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430 | double cycleMean() const { |
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431 | return static_cast<double>(_best_length) / _best_size; |
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432 | } |
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433 | |
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434 | /// \brief Return the found cycle. |
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435 | /// |
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436 | /// This function returns a const reference to the path structure |
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437 | /// storing the found cycle. |
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438 | /// |
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439 | /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findCycle() must be called before using |
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440 | /// this function. |
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441 | const Path& cycle() const { |
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442 | return *_cycle_path; |
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443 | } |
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444 | |
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445 | ///@} |
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446 | |
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447 | private: |
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448 | |
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449 | // Initialization |
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450 | void init() { |
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451 | if (!_cycle_path) { |
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452 | _local_path = true; |
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453 | _cycle_path = new Path; |
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454 | } |
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455 | _cycle_path->clear(); |
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456 | _best_found = false; |
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457 | _best_length = 0; |
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458 | _best_size = 1; |
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459 | _cycle_path->clear(); |
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460 | for (NodeIt u(_gr); u != INVALID; ++u) |
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461 | _data[u].clear(); |
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462 | } |
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463 | |
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464 | // Find strongly connected components and initialize _comp_nodes |
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465 | // and _out_arcs |
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466 | void findComponents() { |
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467 | _comp_num = stronglyConnectedComponents(_gr, _comp); |
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468 | _comp_nodes.resize(_comp_num); |
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469 | if (_comp_num == 1) { |
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470 | _comp_nodes[0].clear(); |
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471 | for (NodeIt n(_gr); n != INVALID; ++n) { |
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472 | _comp_nodes[0].push_back(n); |
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473 | _out_arcs[n].clear(); |
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474 | for (OutArcIt a(_gr, n); a != INVALID; ++a) { |
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475 | _out_arcs[n].push_back(a); |
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476 | } |
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477 | } |
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478 | } else { |
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479 | for (int i = 0; i < _comp_num; ++i) |
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480 | _comp_nodes[i].clear(); |
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481 | for (NodeIt n(_gr); n != INVALID; ++n) { |
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482 | int k = _comp[n]; |
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483 | _comp_nodes[k].push_back(n); |
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484 | _out_arcs[n].clear(); |
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485 | for (OutArcIt a(_gr, n); a != INVALID; ++a) { |
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486 | if (_comp[_gr.target(a)] == k) _out_arcs[n].push_back(a); |
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487 | } |
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488 | } |
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489 | } |
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490 | } |
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491 | |
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492 | // Initialize path data for the current component |
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493 | bool initComponent(int comp) { |
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494 | _nodes = &(_comp_nodes[comp]); |
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495 | int n = _nodes->size(); |
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496 | if (n < 1 || (n == 1 && _out_arcs[(*_nodes)[0]].size() == 0)) { |
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497 | return false; |
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498 | } |
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499 | for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { |
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500 | _data[(*_nodes)[i]].resize(n + 1, PathData(INF)); |
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501 | } |
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502 | return true; |
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503 | } |
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504 | |
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505 | // Process all rounds of computing path data for the current component. |
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506 | // _data[v][k] is the length of a shortest directed walk from the root |
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507 | // node to node v containing exactly k arcs. |
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508 | void processRounds() { |
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509 | Node start = (*_nodes)[0]; |
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510 | _data[start][0] = PathData(0); |
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511 | _process.clear(); |
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512 | _process.push_back(start); |
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513 | |
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514 | int k, n = _nodes->size(); |
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515 | int next_check = 4; |
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516 | bool terminate = false; |
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517 | for (k = 1; k <= n && int(_process.size()) < n && !terminate; ++k) { |
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518 | processNextBuildRound(k); |
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519 | if (k == next_check || k == n) { |
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520 | terminate = checkTermination(k); |
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521 | next_check = next_check * 3 / 2; |
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522 | } |
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523 | } |
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524 | for ( ; k <= n && !terminate; ++k) { |
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525 | processNextFullRound(k); |
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526 | if (k == next_check || k == n) { |
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527 | terminate = checkTermination(k); |
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528 | next_check = next_check * 3 / 2; |
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529 | } |
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530 | } |
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531 | } |
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532 | |
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533 | // Process one round and rebuild _process |
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534 | void processNextBuildRound(int k) { |
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535 | std::vector<Node> next; |
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536 | Node u, v; |
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537 | Arc e; |
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538 | LargeValue d; |
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539 | for (int i = 0; i < int(_process.size()); ++i) { |
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540 | u = _process[i]; |
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541 | for (int j = 0; j < int(_out_arcs[u].size()); ++j) { |
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542 | e = _out_arcs[u][j]; |
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543 | v = _gr.target(e); |
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544 | d = _data[u][k-1].dist + _length[e]; |
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545 | if (_tolerance.less(d, _data[v][k].dist)) { |
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546 | if (_data[v][k].dist == INF) next.push_back(v); |
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547 | _data[v][k] = PathData(d, e); |
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548 | } |
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549 | } |
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550 | } |
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551 | _process.swap(next); |
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552 | } |
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553 | |
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554 | // Process one round using _nodes instead of _process |
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555 | void processNextFullRound(int k) { |
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556 | Node u, v; |
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557 | Arc e; |
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558 | LargeValue d; |
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559 | for (int i = 0; i < int(_nodes->size()); ++i) { |
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560 | u = (*_nodes)[i]; |
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561 | for (int j = 0; j < int(_out_arcs[u].size()); ++j) { |
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562 | e = _out_arcs[u][j]; |
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563 | v = _gr.target(e); |
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564 | d = _data[u][k-1].dist + _length[e]; |
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565 | if (_tolerance.less(d, _data[v][k].dist)) { |
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566 | _data[v][k] = PathData(d, e); |
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567 | } |
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568 | } |
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569 | } |
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570 | } |
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571 | |
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572 | // Check early termination |
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573 | bool checkTermination(int k) { |
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574 | typedef std::pair<int, int> Pair; |
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575 | typename GR::template NodeMap<Pair> level(_gr, Pair(-1, 0)); |
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576 | typename GR::template NodeMap<LargeValue> pi(_gr); |
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577 | int n = _nodes->size(); |
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578 | LargeValue length; |
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579 | int size; |
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580 | Node u; |
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581 | |
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582 | // Search for cycles that are already found |
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583 | _curr_found = false; |
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584 | for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { |
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585 | u = (*_nodes)[i]; |
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586 | if (_data[u][k].dist == INF) continue; |
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587 | for (int j = k; j >= 0; --j) { |
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588 | if (level[u].first == i && level[u].second > 0) { |
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589 | // A cycle is found |
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590 | length = _data[u][level[u].second].dist - _data[u][j].dist; |
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591 | size = level[u].second - j; |
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592 | if (!_curr_found || length * _curr_size < _curr_length * size) { |
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593 | _curr_length = length; |
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594 | _curr_size = size; |
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595 | _curr_node = u; |
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596 | _curr_level = level[u].second; |
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597 | _curr_found = true; |
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598 | } |
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599 | } |
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600 | level[u] = Pair(i, j); |
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601 | u = _gr.source(_data[u][j].pred); |
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602 | } |
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603 | } |
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604 | |
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605 | // If at least one cycle is found, check the optimality condition |
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606 | LargeValue d; |
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607 | if (_curr_found && k < n) { |
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608 | // Find node potentials |
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609 | for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { |
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610 | u = (*_nodes)[i]; |
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611 | pi[u] = INF; |
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612 | for (int j = 0; j <= k; ++j) { |
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613 | if (_data[u][j].dist < INF) { |
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614 | d = _data[u][j].dist * _curr_size - j * _curr_length; |
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615 | if (_tolerance.less(d, pi[u])) pi[u] = d; |
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616 | } |
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617 | } |
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618 | } |
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619 | |
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620 | // Check the optimality condition for all arcs |
---|
621 | bool done = true; |
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622 | for (ArcIt a(_gr); a != INVALID; ++a) { |
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623 | if (_tolerance.less(_length[a] * _curr_size - _curr_length, |
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624 | pi[_gr.target(a)] - pi[_gr.source(a)]) ) { |
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625 | done = false; |
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626 | break; |
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627 | } |
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628 | } |
---|
629 | return done; |
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630 | } |
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631 | return (k == n); |
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632 | } |
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633 | |
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634 | }; //class HartmannOrlin |
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635 | |
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636 | ///@} |
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637 | |
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638 | } //namespace lemon |
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639 | |
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640 | #endif //LEMON_HARTMANN_ORLIN_H |
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