COIN-OR::LEMON - Graph Library

source: lemon-1.2/lemon/karp.h @ 769:e746fb14e680

Last change on this file since 769:e746fb14e680 was 769:e746fb14e680, checked in by Peter Kovacs <kpeter@…>, 15 years ago

Add tolerance() functions for MMC classes (#179)

File size: 16.8 KB
Line 
1/* -*- C++ -*-
2 *
3 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2008
6 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
7 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
8 *
9 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
10 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
11 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
12 *
13 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
14 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
15 * purpose.
16 *
17 */
18
19#ifndef LEMON_KARP_H
20#define LEMON_KARP_H
21
22/// \ingroup min_mean_cycle
23///
24/// \file
25/// \brief Karp's algorithm for finding a minimum mean cycle.
26
27#include <vector>
28#include <limits>
29#include <lemon/core.h>
30#include <lemon/path.h>
31#include <lemon/tolerance.h>
32#include <lemon/connectivity.h>
33
34namespace lemon {
35
36  /// \brief Default traits class of Karp algorithm.
37  ///
38  /// Default traits class of Karp algorithm.
39  /// \tparam GR The type of the digraph.
40  /// \tparam LEN The type of the length map.
41  /// It must conform to the \ref concepts::ReadMap "ReadMap" concept.
42#ifdef DOXYGEN
43  template <typename GR, typename LEN>
44#else
45  template <typename GR, typename LEN,
46    bool integer = std::numeric_limits<typename LEN::Value>::is_integer>
47#endif
48  struct KarpDefaultTraits
49  {
50    /// The type of the digraph
51    typedef GR Digraph;
52    /// The type of the length map
53    typedef LEN LengthMap;
54    /// The type of the arc lengths
55    typedef typename LengthMap::Value Value;
56
57    /// \brief The large value type used for internal computations
58    ///
59    /// The large value type used for internal computations.
60    /// It is \c long \c long if the \c Value type is integer,
61    /// otherwise it is \c double.
62    /// \c Value must be convertible to \c LargeValue.
63    typedef double LargeValue;
64
65    /// The tolerance type used for internal computations
66    typedef lemon::Tolerance<LargeValue> Tolerance;
67
68    /// \brief The path type of the found cycles
69    ///
70    /// The path type of the found cycles.
71    /// It must conform to the \ref lemon::concepts::Path "Path" concept
72    /// and it must have an \c addBack() function.
73    typedef lemon::Path<Digraph> Path;
74  };
75
76  // Default traits class for integer value types
77  template <typename GR, typename LEN>
78  struct KarpDefaultTraits<GR, LEN, true>
79  {
80    typedef GR Digraph;
81    typedef LEN LengthMap;
82    typedef typename LengthMap::Value Value;
83#ifdef LEMON_HAVE_LONG_LONG
84    typedef long long LargeValue;
85#else
86    typedef long LargeValue;
87#endif
88    typedef lemon::Tolerance<LargeValue> Tolerance;
89    typedef lemon::Path<Digraph> Path;
90  };
91
92
93  /// \addtogroup min_mean_cycle
94  /// @{
95
96  /// \brief Implementation of Karp's algorithm for finding a minimum
97  /// mean cycle.
98  ///
99  /// This class implements Karp's algorithm for finding a directed
100  /// cycle of minimum mean length (cost) in a digraph.
101  /// It runs in time O(ne) and uses space O(n<sup>2</sup>+e).
102  ///
103  /// \tparam GR The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.
104  /// \tparam LEN The type of the length map. The default
105  /// map type is \ref concepts::Digraph::ArcMap "GR::ArcMap<int>".
106#ifdef DOXYGEN
107  template <typename GR, typename LEN, typename TR>
108#else
109  template < typename GR,
110             typename LEN = typename GR::template ArcMap<int>,
111             typename TR = KarpDefaultTraits<GR, LEN> >
112#endif
113  class Karp
114  {
115  public:
116
117    /// The type of the digraph
118    typedef typename TR::Digraph Digraph;
119    /// The type of the length map
120    typedef typename TR::LengthMap LengthMap;
121    /// The type of the arc lengths
122    typedef typename TR::Value Value;
123
124    /// \brief The large value type
125    ///
126    /// The large value type used for internal computations.
127    /// Using the \ref KarpDefaultTraits "default traits class",
128    /// it is \c long \c long if the \c Value type is integer,
129    /// otherwise it is \c double.
130    typedef typename TR::LargeValue LargeValue;
131
132    /// The tolerance type
133    typedef typename TR::Tolerance Tolerance;
134
135    /// \brief The path type of the found cycles
136    ///
137    /// The path type of the found cycles.
138    /// Using the \ref KarpDefaultTraits "default traits class",
139    /// it is \ref lemon::Path "Path<Digraph>".
140    typedef typename TR::Path Path;
141
142    /// The \ref KarpDefaultTraits "traits class" of the algorithm
143    typedef TR Traits;
144
145  private:
146
147    TEMPLATE_DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Digraph);
148
149    // Data sturcture for path data
150    struct PathData
151    {
152      LargeValue dist;
153      Arc pred;
154      PathData(LargeValue d, Arc p = INVALID) :
155        dist(d), pred(p) {}
156    };
157
158    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<std::vector<PathData> >
159      PathDataNodeMap;
160
161  private:
162
163    // The digraph the algorithm runs on
164    const Digraph &_gr;
165    // The length of the arcs
166    const LengthMap &_length;
167
168    // Data for storing the strongly connected components
169    int _comp_num;
170    typename Digraph::template NodeMap<int> _comp;
171    std::vector<std::vector<Node> > _comp_nodes;
172    std::vector<Node>* _nodes;
173    typename Digraph::template NodeMap<std::vector<Arc> > _out_arcs;
174
175    // Data for the found cycle
176    LargeValue _cycle_length;
177    int _cycle_size;
178    Node _cycle_node;
179
180    Path *_cycle_path;
181    bool _local_path;
182
183    // Node map for storing path data
184    PathDataNodeMap _data;
185    // The processed nodes in the last round
186    std::vector<Node> _process;
187
188    Tolerance _tolerance;
189   
190    // Infinite constant
191    const LargeValue INF;
192
193  public:
194
195    /// \name Named Template Parameters
196    /// @{
197
198    template <typename T>
199    struct SetLargeValueTraits : public Traits {
200      typedef T LargeValue;
201      typedef lemon::Tolerance<T> Tolerance;
202    };
203
204    /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
205    /// \c LargeValue type.
206    ///
207    /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting \c LargeValue
208    /// type. It is used for internal computations in the algorithm.
209    template <typename T>
210    struct SetLargeValue
211      : public Karp<GR, LEN, SetLargeValueTraits<T> > {
212      typedef Karp<GR, LEN, SetLargeValueTraits<T> > Create;
213    };
214
215    template <typename T>
216    struct SetPathTraits : public Traits {
217      typedef T Path;
218    };
219
220    /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting
221    /// \c %Path type.
222    ///
223    /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting the \c %Path
224    /// type of the found cycles.
225    /// It must conform to the \ref lemon::concepts::Path "Path" concept
226    /// and it must have an \c addFront() function.
227    template <typename T>
228    struct SetPath
229      : public Karp<GR, LEN, SetPathTraits<T> > {
230      typedef Karp<GR, LEN, SetPathTraits<T> > Create;
231    };
232
233    /// @}
234
235  public:
236
237    /// \brief Constructor.
238    ///
239    /// The constructor of the class.
240    ///
241    /// \param digraph The digraph the algorithm runs on.
242    /// \param length The lengths (costs) of the arcs.
243    Karp( const Digraph &digraph,
244          const LengthMap &length ) :
245      _gr(digraph), _length(length), _comp(digraph), _out_arcs(digraph),
246      _cycle_length(0), _cycle_size(1), _cycle_node(INVALID),
247      _cycle_path(NULL), _local_path(false), _data(digraph),
248      INF(std::numeric_limits<LargeValue>::has_infinity ?
249          std::numeric_limits<LargeValue>::infinity() :
250          std::numeric_limits<LargeValue>::max())
251    {}
252
253    /// Destructor.
254    ~Karp() {
255      if (_local_path) delete _cycle_path;
256    }
257
258    /// \brief Set the path structure for storing the found cycle.
259    ///
260    /// This function sets an external path structure for storing the
261    /// found cycle.
262    ///
263    /// If you don't call this function before calling \ref run() or
264    /// \ref findMinMean(), it will allocate a local \ref Path "path"
265    /// structure. The destuctor deallocates this automatically
266    /// allocated object, of course.
267    ///
268    /// \note The algorithm calls only the \ref lemon::Path::addFront()
269    /// "addFront()" function of the given path structure.
270    ///
271    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>
272    Karp& cycle(Path &path) {
273      if (_local_path) {
274        delete _cycle_path;
275        _local_path = false;
276      }
277      _cycle_path = &path;
278      return *this;
279    }
280
281    /// \brief Set the tolerance used by the algorithm.
282    ///
283    /// This function sets the tolerance object used by the algorithm.
284    ///
285    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>
286    Karp& tolerance(const Tolerance& tolerance) {
287      _tolerance = tolerance;
288      return *this;
289    }
290
291    /// \brief Return a const reference to the tolerance.
292    ///
293    /// This function returns a const reference to the tolerance object
294    /// used by the algorithm.
295    const Tolerance& tolerance() const {
296      return _tolerance;
297    }
298
299    /// \name Execution control
300    /// The simplest way to execute the algorithm is to call the \ref run()
301    /// function.\n
302    /// If you only need the minimum mean length, you may call
303    /// \ref findMinMean().
304
305    /// @{
306
307    /// \brief Run the algorithm.
308    ///
309    /// This function runs the algorithm.
310    /// It can be called more than once (e.g. if the underlying digraph
311    /// and/or the arc lengths have been modified).
312    ///
313    /// \return \c true if a directed cycle exists in the digraph.
314    ///
315    /// \note <tt>mmc.run()</tt> is just a shortcut of the following code.
316    /// \code
317    ///   return mmc.findMinMean() && mmc.findCycle();
318    /// \endcode
319    bool run() {
320      return findMinMean() && findCycle();
321    }
322
323    /// \brief Find the minimum cycle mean.
324    ///
325    /// This function finds the minimum mean length of the directed
326    /// cycles in the digraph.
327    ///
328    /// \return \c true if a directed cycle exists in the digraph.
329    bool findMinMean() {
330      // Initialization and find strongly connected components
331      init();
332      findComponents();
333     
334      // Find the minimum cycle mean in the components
335      for (int comp = 0; comp < _comp_num; ++comp) {
336        if (!initComponent(comp)) continue;
337        processRounds();
338        updateMinMean();
339      }
340      return (_cycle_node != INVALID);
341    }
342
343    /// \brief Find a minimum mean directed cycle.
344    ///
345    /// This function finds a directed cycle of minimum mean length
346    /// in the digraph using the data computed by findMinMean().
347    ///
348    /// \return \c true if a directed cycle exists in the digraph.
349    ///
350    /// \pre \ref findMinMean() must be called before using this function.
351    bool findCycle() {
352      if (_cycle_node == INVALID) return false;
353      IntNodeMap reached(_gr, -1);
354      int r = _data[_cycle_node].size();
355      Node u = _cycle_node;
356      while (reached[u] < 0) {
357        reached[u] = --r;
358        u = _gr.source(_data[u][r].pred);
359      }
360      r = reached[u];
361      Arc e = _data[u][r].pred;
362      _cycle_path->addFront(e);
363      _cycle_length = _length[e];
364      _cycle_size = 1;
365      Node v;
366      while ((v = _gr.source(e)) != u) {
367        e = _data[v][--r].pred;
368        _cycle_path->addFront(e);
369        _cycle_length += _length[e];
370        ++_cycle_size;
371      }
372      return true;
373    }
374
375    /// @}
376
377    /// \name Query Functions
378    /// The results of the algorithm can be obtained using these
379    /// functions.\n
380    /// The algorithm should be executed before using them.
381
382    /// @{
383
384    /// \brief Return the total length of the found cycle.
385    ///
386    /// This function returns the total length of the found cycle.
387    ///
388    /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findMinMean() must be called before
389    /// using this function.
390    LargeValue cycleLength() const {
391      return _cycle_length;
392    }
393
394    /// \brief Return the number of arcs on the found cycle.
395    ///
396    /// This function returns the number of arcs on the found cycle.
397    ///
398    /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findMinMean() must be called before
399    /// using this function.
400    int cycleArcNum() const {
401      return _cycle_size;
402    }
403
404    /// \brief Return the mean length of the found cycle.
405    ///
406    /// This function returns the mean length of the found cycle.
407    ///
408    /// \note <tt>alg.cycleMean()</tt> is just a shortcut of the
409    /// following code.
410    /// \code
411    ///   return static_cast<double>(alg.cycleLength()) / alg.cycleArcNum();
412    /// \endcode
413    ///
414    /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findMinMean() must be called before
415    /// using this function.
416    double cycleMean() const {
417      return static_cast<double>(_cycle_length) / _cycle_size;
418    }
419
420    /// \brief Return the found cycle.
421    ///
422    /// This function returns a const reference to the path structure
423    /// storing the found cycle.
424    ///
425    /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findCycle() must be called before using
426    /// this function.
427    const Path& cycle() const {
428      return *_cycle_path;
429    }
430
431    ///@}
432
433  private:
434
435    // Initialization
436    void init() {
437      if (!_cycle_path) {
438        _local_path = true;
439        _cycle_path = new Path;
440      }
441      _cycle_path->clear();
442      _cycle_length = 0;
443      _cycle_size = 1;
444      _cycle_node = INVALID;
445      for (NodeIt u(_gr); u != INVALID; ++u)
446        _data[u].clear();
447    }
448
449    // Find strongly connected components and initialize _comp_nodes
450    // and _out_arcs
451    void findComponents() {
452      _comp_num = stronglyConnectedComponents(_gr, _comp);
453      _comp_nodes.resize(_comp_num);
454      if (_comp_num == 1) {
455        _comp_nodes[0].clear();
456        for (NodeIt n(_gr); n != INVALID; ++n) {
457          _comp_nodes[0].push_back(n);
458          _out_arcs[n].clear();
459          for (OutArcIt a(_gr, n); a != INVALID; ++a) {
460            _out_arcs[n].push_back(a);
461          }
462        }
463      } else {
464        for (int i = 0; i < _comp_num; ++i)
465          _comp_nodes[i].clear();
466        for (NodeIt n(_gr); n != INVALID; ++n) {
467          int k = _comp[n];
468          _comp_nodes[k].push_back(n);
469          _out_arcs[n].clear();
470          for (OutArcIt a(_gr, n); a != INVALID; ++a) {
471            if (_comp[_gr.target(a)] == k) _out_arcs[n].push_back(a);
472          }
473        }
474      }
475    }
476
477    // Initialize path data for the current component
478    bool initComponent(int comp) {
479      _nodes = &(_comp_nodes[comp]);
480      int n = _nodes->size();
481      if (n < 1 || (n == 1 && _out_arcs[(*_nodes)[0]].size() == 0)) {
482        return false;
483      }     
484      for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
485        _data[(*_nodes)[i]].resize(n + 1, PathData(INF));
486      }
487      return true;
488    }
489
490    // Process all rounds of computing path data for the current component.
491    // _data[v][k] is the length of a shortest directed walk from the root
492    // node to node v containing exactly k arcs.
493    void processRounds() {
494      Node start = (*_nodes)[0];
495      _data[start][0] = PathData(0);
496      _process.clear();
497      _process.push_back(start);
498
499      int k, n = _nodes->size();
500      for (k = 1; k <= n && int(_process.size()) < n; ++k) {
501        processNextBuildRound(k);
502      }
503      for ( ; k <= n; ++k) {
504        processNextFullRound(k);
505      }
506    }
507
508    // Process one round and rebuild _process
509    void processNextBuildRound(int k) {
510      std::vector<Node> next;
511      Node u, v;
512      Arc e;
513      LargeValue d;
514      for (int i = 0; i < int(_process.size()); ++i) {
515        u = _process[i];
516        for (int j = 0; j < int(_out_arcs[u].size()); ++j) {
517          e = _out_arcs[u][j];
518          v = _gr.target(e);
519          d = _data[u][k-1].dist + _length[e];
520          if (_tolerance.less(d, _data[v][k].dist)) {
521            if (_data[v][k].dist == INF) next.push_back(v);
522            _data[v][k] = PathData(d, e);
523          }
524        }
525      }
526      _process.swap(next);
527    }
528
529    // Process one round using _nodes instead of _process
530    void processNextFullRound(int k) {
531      Node u, v;
532      Arc e;
533      LargeValue d;
534      for (int i = 0; i < int(_nodes->size()); ++i) {
535        u = (*_nodes)[i];
536        for (int j = 0; j < int(_out_arcs[u].size()); ++j) {
537          e = _out_arcs[u][j];
538          v = _gr.target(e);
539          d = _data[u][k-1].dist + _length[e];
540          if (_tolerance.less(d, _data[v][k].dist)) {
541            _data[v][k] = PathData(d, e);
542          }
543        }
544      }
545    }
546
547    // Update the minimum cycle mean
548    void updateMinMean() {
549      int n = _nodes->size();
550      for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
551        Node u = (*_nodes)[i];
552        if (_data[u][n].dist == INF) continue;
553        LargeValue length, max_length = 0;
554        int size, max_size = 1;
555        bool found_curr = false;
556        for (int k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
557          if (_data[u][k].dist == INF) continue;
558          length = _data[u][n].dist - _data[u][k].dist;
559          size = n - k;
560          if (!found_curr || length * max_size > max_length * size) {
561            found_curr = true;
562            max_length = length;
563            max_size = size;
564          }
565        }
566        if ( found_curr && (_cycle_node == INVALID ||
567             max_length * _cycle_size < _cycle_length * max_size) ) {
568          _cycle_length = max_length;
569          _cycle_size = max_size;
570          _cycle_node = u;
571        }
572      }
573    }
574
575  }; //class Karp
576
577  ///@}
578
579} //namespace lemon
580
581#endif //LEMON_KARP_H
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