COIN-OR::LEMON - Graph Library

source: lemon/lemon/suurballe.h @ 567:42d4b889903a

Last change on this file since 567:42d4b889903a was 566:c786cd201266, checked in by Balazs Dezso <deba@…>, 16 years ago

Fix several missing includes (#232)

File size: 14.8 KB
Line 
1/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-
2 *
3 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2009
6 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
7 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).
8 *
9 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
10 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
11 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
12 *
13 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
14 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
15 * purpose.
16 *
17 */
18
19#ifndef LEMON_SUURBALLE_H
20#define LEMON_SUURBALLE_H
21
22///\ingroup shortest_path
23///\file
24///\brief An algorithm for finding arc-disjoint paths between two
25/// nodes having minimum total length.
26
27#include <vector>
28#include <lemon/bin_heap.h>
29#include <lemon/path.h>
30#include <lemon/list_graph.h>
31#include <lemon/maps.h>
32
33namespace lemon {
34
35  /// \addtogroup shortest_path
36  /// @{
37
38  /// \brief Algorithm for finding arc-disjoint paths between two nodes
39  /// having minimum total length.
40  ///
41  /// \ref lemon::Suurballe "Suurballe" implements an algorithm for
42  /// finding arc-disjoint paths having minimum total length (cost)
43  /// from a given source node to a given target node in a digraph.
44  ///
45  /// In fact, this implementation is the specialization of the
46  /// \ref CapacityScaling "successive shortest path" algorithm.
47  ///
48  /// \tparam Digraph The digraph type the algorithm runs on.
49  /// The default value is \c ListDigraph.
50  /// \tparam LengthMap The type of the length (cost) map.
51  /// The default value is <tt>Digraph::ArcMap<int></tt>.
52  ///
53  /// \warning Length values should be \e non-negative \e integers.
54  ///
55  /// \note For finding node-disjoint paths this algorithm can be used
56  /// with \ref SplitNodes.
57#ifdef DOXYGEN
58  template <typename Digraph, typename LengthMap>
59#else
60  template < typename Digraph = ListDigraph,
61             typename LengthMap = typename Digraph::template ArcMap<int> >
62#endif
63  class Suurballe
64  {
65    TEMPLATE_DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Digraph);
66
67    typedef typename LengthMap::Value Length;
68    typedef ConstMap<Arc, int> ConstArcMap;
69    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<Arc> PredMap;
70
71  public:
72
73    /// The type of the flow map.
74    typedef typename Digraph::template ArcMap<int> FlowMap;
75    /// The type of the potential map.
76    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<Length> PotentialMap;
77    /// The type of the path structures.
78    typedef SimplePath<Digraph> Path;
79
80  private:
81
82    /// \brief Special implementation of the Dijkstra algorithm
83    /// for finding shortest paths in the residual network.
84    ///
85    /// \ref ResidualDijkstra is a special implementation of the
86    /// \ref Dijkstra algorithm for finding shortest paths in the
87    /// residual network of the digraph with respect to the reduced arc
88    /// lengths and modifying the node potentials according to the
89    /// distance of the nodes.
90    class ResidualDijkstra
91    {
92      typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<int> HeapCrossRef;
93      typedef BinHeap<Length, HeapCrossRef> Heap;
94
95    private:
96
97      // The digraph the algorithm runs on
98      const Digraph &_graph;
99
100      // The main maps
101      const FlowMap &_flow;
102      const LengthMap &_length;
103      PotentialMap &_potential;
104
105      // The distance map
106      PotentialMap _dist;
107      // The pred arc map
108      PredMap &_pred;
109      // The processed (i.e. permanently labeled) nodes
110      std::vector<Node> _proc_nodes;
111
112      Node _s;
113      Node _t;
114
115    public:
116
117      /// Constructor.
118      ResidualDijkstra( const Digraph &digraph,
119                        const FlowMap &flow,
120                        const LengthMap &length,
121                        PotentialMap &potential,
122                        PredMap &pred,
123                        Node s, Node t ) :
124        _graph(digraph), _flow(flow), _length(length), _potential(potential),
125        _dist(digraph), _pred(pred), _s(s), _t(t) {}
126
127      /// \brief Run the algorithm. It returns \c true if a path is found
128      /// from the source node to the target node.
129      bool run() {
130        HeapCrossRef heap_cross_ref(_graph, Heap::PRE_HEAP);
131        Heap heap(heap_cross_ref);
132        heap.push(_s, 0);
133        _pred[_s] = INVALID;
134        _proc_nodes.clear();
135
136        // Process nodes
137        while (!heap.empty() && heap.top() != _t) {
138          Node u = heap.top(), v;
139          Length d = heap.prio() + _potential[u], nd;
140          _dist[u] = heap.prio();
141          heap.pop();
142          _proc_nodes.push_back(u);
143
144          // Traverse outgoing arcs
145          for (OutArcIt e(_graph, u); e != INVALID; ++e) {
146            if (_flow[e] == 0) {
147              v = _graph.target(e);
148              switch(heap.state(v)) {
149              case Heap::PRE_HEAP:
150                heap.push(v, d + _length[e] - _potential[v]);
151                _pred[v] = e;
152                break;
153              case Heap::IN_HEAP:
154                nd = d + _length[e] - _potential[v];
155                if (nd < heap[v]) {
156                  heap.decrease(v, nd);
157                  _pred[v] = e;
158                }
159                break;
160              case Heap::POST_HEAP:
161                break;
162              }
163            }
164          }
165
166          // Traverse incoming arcs
167          for (InArcIt e(_graph, u); e != INVALID; ++e) {
168            if (_flow[e] == 1) {
169              v = _graph.source(e);
170              switch(heap.state(v)) {
171              case Heap::PRE_HEAP:
172                heap.push(v, d - _length[e] - _potential[v]);
173                _pred[v] = e;
174                break;
175              case Heap::IN_HEAP:
176                nd = d - _length[e] - _potential[v];
177                if (nd < heap[v]) {
178                  heap.decrease(v, nd);
179                  _pred[v] = e;
180                }
181                break;
182              case Heap::POST_HEAP:
183                break;
184              }
185            }
186          }
187        }
188        if (heap.empty()) return false;
189
190        // Update potentials of processed nodes
191        Length t_dist = heap.prio();
192        for (int i = 0; i < int(_proc_nodes.size()); ++i)
193          _potential[_proc_nodes[i]] += _dist[_proc_nodes[i]] - t_dist;
194        return true;
195      }
196
197    }; //class ResidualDijkstra
198
199  private:
200
201    // The digraph the algorithm runs on
202    const Digraph &_graph;
203    // The length map
204    const LengthMap &_length;
205
206    // Arc map of the current flow
207    FlowMap *_flow;
208    bool _local_flow;
209    // Node map of the current potentials
210    PotentialMap *_potential;
211    bool _local_potential;
212
213    // The source node
214    Node _source;
215    // The target node
216    Node _target;
217
218    // Container to store the found paths
219    std::vector< SimplePath<Digraph> > paths;
220    int _path_num;
221
222    // The pred arc map
223    PredMap _pred;
224    // Implementation of the Dijkstra algorithm for finding augmenting
225    // shortest paths in the residual network
226    ResidualDijkstra *_dijkstra;
227
228  public:
229
230    /// \brief Constructor.
231    ///
232    /// Constructor.
233    ///
234    /// \param digraph The digraph the algorithm runs on.
235    /// \param length The length (cost) values of the arcs.
236    /// \param s The source node.
237    /// \param t The target node.
238    Suurballe( const Digraph &digraph,
239               const LengthMap &length,
240               Node s, Node t ) :
241      _graph(digraph), _length(length), _flow(0), _local_flow(false),
242      _potential(0), _local_potential(false), _source(s), _target(t),
243      _pred(digraph) {}
244
245    /// Destructor.
246    ~Suurballe() {
247      if (_local_flow) delete _flow;
248      if (_local_potential) delete _potential;
249      delete _dijkstra;
250    }
251
252    /// \brief Set the flow map.
253    ///
254    /// This function sets the flow map.
255    ///
256    /// The found flow contains only 0 and 1 values. It is the union of
257    /// the found arc-disjoint paths.
258    ///
259    /// \return \c (*this)
260    Suurballe& flowMap(FlowMap &map) {
261      if (_local_flow) {
262        delete _flow;
263        _local_flow = false;
264      }
265      _flow = &map;
266      return *this;
267    }
268
269    /// \brief Set the potential map.
270    ///
271    /// This function sets the potential map.
272    ///
273    /// The potentials provide the dual solution of the underlying
274    /// minimum cost flow problem.
275    ///
276    /// \return \c (*this)
277    Suurballe& potentialMap(PotentialMap &map) {
278      if (_local_potential) {
279        delete _potential;
280        _local_potential = false;
281      }
282      _potential = &map;
283      return *this;
284    }
285
286    /// \name Execution control
287    /// The simplest way to execute the algorithm is to call the run()
288    /// function.
289    /// \n
290    /// If you only need the flow that is the union of the found
291    /// arc-disjoint paths, you may call init() and findFlow().
292
293    /// @{
294
295    /// \brief Run the algorithm.
296    ///
297    /// This function runs the algorithm.
298    ///
299    /// \param k The number of paths to be found.
300    ///
301    /// \return \c k if there are at least \c k arc-disjoint paths from
302    /// \c s to \c t in the digraph. Otherwise it returns the number of
303    /// arc-disjoint paths found.
304    ///
305    /// \note Apart from the return value, <tt>s.run(k)</tt> is just a
306    /// shortcut of the following code.
307    /// \code
308    ///   s.init();
309    ///   s.findFlow(k);
310    ///   s.findPaths();
311    /// \endcode
312    int run(int k = 2) {
313      init();
314      findFlow(k);
315      findPaths();
316      return _path_num;
317    }
318
319    /// \brief Initialize the algorithm.
320    ///
321    /// This function initializes the algorithm.
322    void init() {
323      // Initialize maps
324      if (!_flow) {
325        _flow = new FlowMap(_graph);
326        _local_flow = true;
327      }
328      if (!_potential) {
329        _potential = new PotentialMap(_graph);
330        _local_potential = true;
331      }
332      for (ArcIt e(_graph); e != INVALID; ++e) (*_flow)[e] = 0;
333      for (NodeIt n(_graph); n != INVALID; ++n) (*_potential)[n] = 0;
334
335      _dijkstra = new ResidualDijkstra( _graph, *_flow, _length,
336                                        *_potential, _pred,
337                                        _source, _target );
338    }
339
340    /// \brief Execute the successive shortest path algorithm to find
341    /// an optimal flow.
342    ///
343    /// This function executes the successive shortest path algorithm to
344    /// find a minimum cost flow, which is the union of \c k or less
345    /// arc-disjoint paths.
346    ///
347    /// \return \c k if there are at least \c k arc-disjoint paths from
348    /// \c s to \c t in the digraph. Otherwise it returns the number of
349    /// arc-disjoint paths found.
350    ///
351    /// \pre \ref init() must be called before using this function.
352    int findFlow(int k = 2) {
353      // Find shortest paths
354      _path_num = 0;
355      while (_path_num < k) {
356        // Run Dijkstra
357        if (!_dijkstra->run()) break;
358        ++_path_num;
359
360        // Set the flow along the found shortest path
361        Node u = _target;
362        Arc e;
363        while ((e = _pred[u]) != INVALID) {
364          if (u == _graph.target(e)) {
365            (*_flow)[e] = 1;
366            u = _graph.source(e);
367          } else {
368            (*_flow)[e] = 0;
369            u = _graph.target(e);
370          }
371        }
372      }
373      return _path_num;
374    }
375
376    /// \brief Compute the paths from the flow.
377    ///
378    /// This function computes the paths from the flow.
379    ///
380    /// \pre \ref init() and \ref findFlow() must be called before using
381    /// this function.
382    void findPaths() {
383      // Create the residual flow map (the union of the paths not found
384      // so far)
385      FlowMap res_flow(_graph);
386      for(ArcIt a(_graph); a != INVALID; ++a) res_flow[a] = (*_flow)[a];
387
388      paths.clear();
389      paths.resize(_path_num);
390      for (int i = 0; i < _path_num; ++i) {
391        Node n = _source;
392        while (n != _target) {
393          OutArcIt e(_graph, n);
394          for ( ; res_flow[e] == 0; ++e) ;
395          n = _graph.target(e);
396          paths[i].addBack(e);
397          res_flow[e] = 0;
398        }
399      }
400    }
401
402    /// @}
403
404    /// \name Query Functions
405    /// The results of the algorithm can be obtained using these
406    /// functions.
407    /// \n The algorithm should be executed before using them.
408
409    /// @{
410
411    /// \brief Return a const reference to the arc map storing the
412    /// found flow.
413    ///
414    /// This function returns a const reference to the arc map storing
415    /// the flow that is the union of the found arc-disjoint paths.
416    ///
417    /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findFlow() must be called before using
418    /// this function.
419    const FlowMap& flowMap() const {
420      return *_flow;
421    }
422
423    /// \brief Return a const reference to the node map storing the
424    /// found potentials (the dual solution).
425    ///
426    /// This function returns a const reference to the node map storing
427    /// the found potentials that provide the dual solution of the
428    /// underlying minimum cost flow problem.
429    ///
430    /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findFlow() must be called before using
431    /// this function.
432    const PotentialMap& potentialMap() const {
433      return *_potential;
434    }
435
436    /// \brief Return the flow on the given arc.
437    ///
438    /// This function returns the flow on the given arc.
439    /// It is \c 1 if the arc is involved in one of the found paths,
440    /// otherwise it is \c 0.
441    ///
442    /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findFlow() must be called before using
443    /// this function.
444    int flow(const Arc& arc) const {
445      return (*_flow)[arc];
446    }
447
448    /// \brief Return the potential of the given node.
449    ///
450    /// This function returns the potential of the given node.
451    ///
452    /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findFlow() must be called before using
453    /// this function.
454    Length potential(const Node& node) const {
455      return (*_potential)[node];
456    }
457
458    /// \brief Return the total length (cost) of the found paths (flow).
459    ///
460    /// This function returns the total length (cost) of the found paths
461    /// (flow). The complexity of the function is \f$ O(e) \f$.
462    ///
463    /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findFlow() must be called before using
464    /// this function.
465    Length totalLength() const {
466      Length c = 0;
467      for (ArcIt e(_graph); e != INVALID; ++e)
468        c += (*_flow)[e] * _length[e];
469      return c;
470    }
471
472    /// \brief Return the number of the found paths.
473    ///
474    /// This function returns the number of the found paths.
475    ///
476    /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findFlow() must be called before using
477    /// this function.
478    int pathNum() const {
479      return _path_num;
480    }
481
482    /// \brief Return a const reference to the specified path.
483    ///
484    /// This function returns a const reference to the specified path.
485    ///
486    /// \param i The function returns the \c i-th path.
487    /// \c i must be between \c 0 and <tt>%pathNum()-1</tt>.
488    ///
489    /// \pre \ref run() or \ref findPaths() must be called before using
490    /// this function.
491    Path path(int i) const {
492      return paths[i];
493    }
494
495    /// @}
496
497  }; //class Suurballe
498
499  ///@}
500
501} //namespace lemon
502
503#endif //LEMON_SUURBALLE_H
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