COIN-OR::LEMON - Graph Library

Changeset 609:e6927fe719e6 in lemon-1.2 for doc


Ignore:
Timestamp:
04/17/09 18:04:36 (15 years ago)
Author:
Peter Kovacs <kpeter@…>
Branch:
default
Phase:
public
Message:

Support >= and <= constraints in NetworkSimplex? (#219, #234)

By default the same inequality constraints are supported as by
Circulation (the GEQ form), but the LEQ form can also be selected
using the problemType() function.

The documentation of the min. cost flow module is reworked and
extended with important notes and explanations about the different
variants of the problem and about the dual solution and optimality
conditions.

File:
1 edited

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  • doc/groups.dox

    r455 r609  
    318318The \e maximum \e flow \e problem is to find a flow of maximum value between
    319319a single source and a single target. Formally, there is a \f$G=(V,A)\f$
    320 digraph, a \f$cap:A\rightarrow\mathbf{R}^+_0\f$ capacity function and
     320digraph, a \f$cap: A\rightarrow\mathbf{R}^+_0\f$ capacity function and
    321321\f$s, t \in V\f$ source and target nodes.
    322 A maximum flow is an \f$f:A\rightarrow\mathbf{R}^+_0\f$ solution of the
     322A maximum flow is an \f$f: A\rightarrow\mathbf{R}^+_0\f$ solution of the
    323323following optimization problem.
    324324
    325 \f[ \max\sum_{a\in\delta_{out}(s)}f(a) - \sum_{a\in\delta_{in}(s)}f(a) \f]
    326 \f[ \sum_{a\in\delta_{out}(v)} f(a) = \sum_{a\in\delta_{in}(v)} f(a)
    327     \qquad \forall v\in V\setminus\{s,t\} \f]
    328 \f[ 0 \leq f(a) \leq cap(a) \qquad \forall a\in A \f]
     325\f[ \max\sum_{sv\in A} f(sv) - \sum_{vs\in A} f(vs) \f]
     326\f[ \sum_{uv\in A} f(uv) = \sum_{vu\in A} f(vu)
     327    \quad \forall u\in V\setminus\{s,t\} \f]
     328\f[ 0 \leq f(uv) \leq cap(uv) \quad \forall uv\in A \f]
    329329
    330330LEMON contains several algorithms for solving maximum flow problems:
     
    346346\brief Algorithms for finding minimum cost flows and circulations.
    347347
    348 This group describes the algorithms for finding minimum cost flows and
     348This group contains the algorithms for finding minimum cost flows and
    349349circulations.
    350350
    351351The \e minimum \e cost \e flow \e problem is to find a feasible flow of
    352352minimum total cost from a set of supply nodes to a set of demand nodes
    353 in a network with capacity constraints and arc costs.
     353in a network with capacity constraints (lower and upper bounds)
     354and arc costs.
    354355Formally, let \f$G=(V,A)\f$ be a digraph,
    355356\f$lower, upper: A\rightarrow\mathbf{Z}^+_0\f$ denote the lower and
    356 upper bounds for the flow values on the arcs,
     357upper bounds for the flow values on the arcs, for which
     358\f$0 \leq lower(uv) \leq upper(uv)\f$ holds for all \f$uv\in A\f$.
    357359\f$cost: A\rightarrow\mathbf{Z}^+_0\f$ denotes the cost per unit flow
    358 on the arcs, and
    359 \f$supply: V\rightarrow\mathbf{Z}\f$ denotes the supply/demand values
    360 of the nodes.
    361 A minimum cost flow is an \f$f:A\rightarrow\mathbf{R}^+_0\f$ solution of
    362 the following optimization problem.
    363 
    364 \f[ \min\sum_{a\in A} f(a) cost(a) \f]
    365 \f[ \sum_{a\in\delta_{out}(v)} f(a) - \sum_{a\in\delta_{in}(v)} f(a) =
    366     supply(v) \qquad \forall v\in V \f]
    367 \f[ lower(a) \leq f(a) \leq upper(a) \qquad \forall a\in A \f]
    368 
    369 LEMON contains several algorithms for solving minimum cost flow problems:
    370  - \ref CycleCanceling Cycle-canceling algorithms.
    371  - \ref CapacityScaling Successive shortest path algorithm with optional
     360on the arcs, and \f$sup: V\rightarrow\mathbf{Z}\f$ denotes the
     361signed supply values of the nodes.
     362If \f$sup(u)>0\f$, then \f$u\f$ is a supply node with \f$sup(u)\f$
     363supply, if \f$sup(u)<0\f$, then \f$u\f$ is a demand node with
     364\f$-sup(u)\f$ demand.
     365A minimum cost flow is an \f$f: A\rightarrow\mathbf{Z}^+_0\f$ solution
     366of the following optimization problem.
     367
     368\f[ \min\sum_{uv\in A} f(uv) \cdot cost(uv) \f]
     369\f[ \sum_{uv\in A} f(uv) - \sum_{vu\in A} f(vu) \geq
     370    sup(u) \quad \forall u\in V \f]
     371\f[ lower(uv) \leq f(uv) \leq upper(uv) \quad \forall uv\in A \f]
     372
     373The sum of the supply values, i.e. \f$\sum_{u\in V} sup(u)\f$ must be
     374zero or negative in order to have a feasible solution (since the sum
     375of the expressions on the left-hand side of the inequalities is zero).
     376It means that the total demand must be greater or equal to the total
     377supply and all the supplies have to be carried out from the supply nodes,
     378but there could be demands that are not satisfied.
     379If \f$\sum_{u\in V} sup(u)\f$ is zero, then all the supply/demand
     380constraints have to be satisfied with equality, i.e. all demands
     381have to be satisfied and all supplies have to be used.
     382
     383If you need the opposite inequalities in the supply/demand constraints
     384(i.e. the total demand is less than the total supply and all the demands
     385have to be satisfied while there could be supplies that are not used),
     386then you could easily transform the problem to the above form by reversing
     387the direction of the arcs and taking the negative of the supply values
     388(e.g. using \ref ReverseDigraph and \ref NegMap adaptors).
     389However \ref NetworkSimplex algorithm also supports this form directly
     390for the sake of convenience.
     391
     392A feasible solution for this problem can be found using \ref Circulation.
     393
     394Note that the above formulation is actually more general than the usual
     395definition of the minimum cost flow problem, in which strict equalities
     396are required in the supply/demand contraints, i.e.
     397
     398\f[ \sum_{uv\in A} f(uv) - \sum_{vu\in A} f(vu) =
     399    sup(u) \quad \forall u\in V. \f]
     400
     401However if the sum of the supply values is zero, then these two problems
     402are equivalent. So if you need the equality form, you have to ensure this
     403additional contraint for the algorithms.
     404
     405The dual solution of the minimum cost flow problem is represented by node
     406potentials \f$\pi: V\rightarrow\mathbf{Z}\f$.
     407An \f$f: A\rightarrow\mathbf{Z}^+_0\f$ feasible solution of the problem
     408is optimal if and only if for some \f$\pi: V\rightarrow\mathbf{Z}\f$
     409node potentials the following \e complementary \e slackness optimality
     410conditions hold.
     411
     412 - For all \f$uv\in A\f$ arcs:
     413   - if \f$cost^\pi(uv)>0\f$, then \f$f(uv)=lower(uv)\f$;
     414   - if \f$lower(uv)<f(uv)<upper(uv)\f$, then \f$cost^\pi(uv)=0\f$;
     415   - if \f$cost^\pi(uv)<0\f$, then \f$f(uv)=upper(uv)\f$.
     416 - For all \f$u\in V\f$:
     417   - if \f$\sum_{uv\in A} f(uv) - \sum_{vu\in A} f(vu) \neq sup(u)\f$,
     418     then \f$\pi(u)=0\f$.
     419 
     420Here \f$cost^\pi(uv)\f$ denotes the \e reduced \e cost of the arc
     421\f$uv\in A\f$ with respect to the node potentials \f$\pi\f$, i.e.
     422\f[ cost^\pi(uv) = cost(uv) + \pi(u) - \pi(v).\f]
     423
     424All algorithms provide dual solution (node potentials) as well
     425if an optimal flow is found.
     426
     427LEMON contains several algorithms for solving minimum cost flow problems.
     428 - \ref NetworkSimplex Primal Network Simplex algorithm with various
     429   pivot strategies.
     430 - \ref CostScaling Push-Relabel and Augment-Relabel algorithms based on
     431   cost scaling.
     432 - \ref CapacityScaling Successive Shortest %Path algorithm with optional
    372433   capacity scaling.
    373  - \ref CostScaling Push-relabel and augment-relabel algorithms based on
    374    cost scaling.
    375  - \ref NetworkSimplex Primal network simplex algorithm with various
    376    pivot strategies.
     434 - \ref CancelAndTighten The Cancel and Tighten algorithm.
     435 - \ref CycleCanceling Cycle-Canceling algorithms.
     436
     437Most of these implementations support the general inequality form of the
     438minimum cost flow problem, but CancelAndTighten and CycleCanceling
     439only support the equality form due to the primal method they use.
     440
     441In general NetworkSimplex is the most efficient implementation,
     442but in special cases other algorithms could be faster.
     443For example, if the total supply and/or capacities are rather small,
     444CapacityScaling is usually the fastest algorithm (without effective scaling).
    377445*/
    378446
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