/* -*- C++ -*-
 * src/hugo/smart_graph.h - Part of HUGOlib, a generic C++ optimization library
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2004 Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
 * (Egervary Combinatorial Optimization Research Group, EGRES).
 *
 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
 *
 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
 * purpose.
 *
 */

#ifndef HUGO_SMART_GRAPH_H
#define HUGO_SMART_GRAPH_H

///\ingroup graphs
///\file
///\brief SmartGraph and SymSmartGraph classes.

#include <vector>
#include <climits>

#include <hugo/invalid.h>

#include <hugo/array_map.h>
#include <hugo/map_registry.h>

#include <hugo/map_defines.h>

namespace hugo {

/// \addtogroup graphs
/// @{
//  class SymSmartGraph;

  ///A smart graph class.

  ///This is a simple and fast graph implementation.
  ///It is also quite memory efficient, but at the price
  ///that <b> it does not support node and edge deletion</b>.
  ///It conforms to 
  ///the \ref skeleton::ExtendableGraph "ExtendableGraph" concept.
  ///\sa skeleton::ExtendableGraph.
  ///
  ///\todo Some member functions could be \c static.
  ///
  ///\todo A possibly useful functionality: a function saveState() would
  ///give back a data sturcture X and then the function restoreState(X)
  ///would remove the nodes and edges added after the call of saveState().
  ///Of course it should be used as a stack. (Maybe X is not necessary.)
  ///
  ///\author Alpar Juttner
  class SmartGraph {

    struct NodeT 
    {
      int first_in,first_out;      
      NodeT() : first_in(-1), first_out(-1) {}
    };
    struct EdgeT 
    {
      int head, tail, next_in, next_out;      
      //FIXME: is this necessary?
      EdgeT() : next_in(-1), next_out(-1) {}  
    };

    std::vector<NodeT> nodes;

    std::vector<EdgeT> edges;
    
    
  public:

    typedef SmartGraph Graph;

    class Node;
    class Edge;

    class NodeIt;
    class EdgeIt;
    class OutEdgeIt;
    class InEdgeIt;
    
    // Create map registries.
    CREATE_MAP_REGISTRIES;
    // Create node and edge maps.
    CREATE_MAPS(ArrayMap);
    
  public:

    SmartGraph() : nodes(), edges() { }
    SmartGraph(const SmartGraph &_g) : nodes(_g.nodes), edges(_g.edges) { }
    
    ///Number of nodes.
    int nodeNum() const { return nodes.size(); }
    ///Number of edges.
    int edgeNum() const { return edges.size(); }

    /// Maximum node ID.
    
    /// Maximum node ID.
    ///\sa id(Node)
    int maxNodeId() const { return nodes.size()-1; }
    /// Maximum edge ID.
    
    /// Maximum edge ID.
    ///\sa id(Edge)
    int maxEdgeId() const { return edges.size()-1; }

    Node tail(Edge e) const { return edges[e.n].tail; }
    Node head(Edge e) const { return edges[e.n].head; }

    NodeIt& first(NodeIt& v) const { 
      v=NodeIt(*this); return v; }
    EdgeIt& first(EdgeIt& e) const { 
      e=EdgeIt(*this); return e; }
    OutEdgeIt& first(OutEdgeIt& e, const Node v) const { 
      e=OutEdgeIt(*this,v); return e; }
    InEdgeIt& first(InEdgeIt& e, const Node v) const { 
      e=InEdgeIt(*this,v); return e; }

    /// Node ID.
    
    /// The ID of a valid Node is a nonnegative integer not greater than
    /// \ref maxNodeId(). The range of the ID's is not surely continuous
    /// and the greatest node ID can be actually less then \ref maxNodeId().
    ///
    /// The ID of the \ref INVALID node is -1.
    ///\return The ID of the node \c v. 
    static int id(Node v) { return v.n; }
    /// Edge ID.
    
    /// The ID of a valid Edge is a nonnegative integer not greater than
    /// \ref maxEdgeId(). The range of the ID's is not surely continuous
    /// and the greatest edge ID can be actually less then \ref maxEdgeId().
    ///
    /// The ID of the \ref INVALID edge is -1.
    ///\return The ID of the edge \c e. 
    static int id(Edge e) { return e.n; }

    Node addNode() {
      Node n; n.n=nodes.size();
      nodes.push_back(NodeT()); //FIXME: Hmmm...

      
      node_maps.add(n);
      return n;
    }
    
    Edge addEdge(Node u, Node v) {
      Edge e; e.n=edges.size(); edges.push_back(EdgeT()); //FIXME: Hmmm...
      edges[e.n].tail=u.n; edges[e.n].head=v.n;
      edges[e.n].next_out=nodes[u.n].first_out;
      edges[e.n].next_in=nodes[v.n].first_in;
      nodes[u.n].first_out=nodes[v.n].first_in=e.n;

      edge_maps.add(e);

      return e;
    }

    /// Finds an edge between two nodes.

    /// Finds an edge from node \c u to node \c v.
    ///
    /// If \c prev is \ref INVALID (this is the default value), then
    /// It finds the first edge from \c u to \c v. Otherwise it looks for
    /// the next edge from \c u to \c v after \c prev.
    /// \return The found edge or INVALID if there is no such an edge.
    Edge findEdge(Node u,Node v, Edge prev = INVALID) 
    {
      int e = (prev.n==-1)? nodes[u.n].first_out : edges[prev.n].next_out;
      while(e!=-1 && edges[e].tail!=v.n) e = edges[e].next_out;
      prev.n=e;
      return prev;
    }
    
    void clear() {
      edge_maps.clear();
      edges.clear();
      node_maps.clear();
      nodes.clear();
    }

    class Node {
      friend class SmartGraph;
      template <typename T> friend class NodeMap;
      
      friend class Edge;
      friend class OutEdgeIt;
      friend class InEdgeIt;
      friend class SymEdge;

    protected:
      int n;
      friend int SmartGraph::id(Node v); 
      Node(int nn) {n=nn;}
    public:
      Node() {}
      Node (Invalid) { n=-1; }
      bool operator==(const Node i) const {return n==i.n;}
      bool operator!=(const Node i) const {return n!=i.n;}
      bool operator<(const Node i) const {return n<i.n;}
      //      ///Validity check
      //      operator bool() { return n!=-1; }
    };
    
    class NodeIt : public Node {
      const SmartGraph *G;
      friend class SmartGraph;
    public:
      NodeIt() : Node() { }
      NodeIt(const SmartGraph& _G,Node n) : Node(n), G(&_G) { }
      NodeIt(Invalid i) : Node(i) { }
      NodeIt(const SmartGraph& _G) : Node(_G.nodes.size()?0:-1), G(&_G) { }
      NodeIt &operator++() {
	n=(n+2)%(G->nodes.size()+1)-1; 
	return *this; 
      }
//       ///Validity check
//       operator bool() { return Node::operator bool(); }      
    };

    class Edge {
      friend class SmartGraph;
      template <typename T> friend class EdgeMap;

      friend class SymSmartGraph;
      
      friend class Node;
      friend class NodeIt;
    protected:
      int n;
      friend int SmartGraph::id(Edge e);
      Edge(int nn) {n=nn;}
    public:
      /// An Edge with id \c n.

      Edge() { }
      Edge (Invalid) { n=-1; }
      bool operator==(const Edge i) const {return n==i.n;}
      bool operator!=(const Edge i) const {return n!=i.n;}
      bool operator<(const Edge i) const {return n<i.n;}
//       ///Validity check
//       operator bool() { return n!=-1; }

      ///Set the edge to that have ID \c ID.
      void setToId(int id) { n=id; }
   };
    
    class EdgeIt : public Edge {
      const SmartGraph *G;
      friend class SmartGraph;
    public:
      EdgeIt(const SmartGraph& _G) : Edge(_G.edges.size()-1), G(&_G) { }
      EdgeIt(const SmartGraph& _G, Edge e) : Edge(e), G(&_G) { }
      EdgeIt (Invalid i) : Edge(i) { }
      EdgeIt() : Edge() { }
      EdgeIt &operator++() { --n; return *this; }
//       ///Validity check
//       operator bool() { return Edge::operator bool(); }      
    };
    
    class OutEdgeIt : public Edge {
      const SmartGraph *G;
      friend class SmartGraph;
    public: 
      OutEdgeIt() : Edge() { }
      OutEdgeIt(const SmartGraph& _G, Edge e) : Edge(e), G(&_G) { }
      OutEdgeIt (Invalid i) : Edge(i) { }

      OutEdgeIt(const SmartGraph& _G,const Node v)
	: Edge(_G.nodes[v.n].first_out), G(&_G) {}
      OutEdgeIt &operator++() { n=G->edges[n].next_out; return *this; }
//       ///Validity check
//       operator bool() { return Edge::operator bool(); }      
    };
    
    class InEdgeIt : public Edge {
      const SmartGraph *G;
      friend class SmartGraph;
    public: 
      InEdgeIt() : Edge() { }
      InEdgeIt(const SmartGraph& _G, Edge e) : Edge(e), G(&_G) { }
      InEdgeIt (Invalid i) : Edge(i) { }
      InEdgeIt(const SmartGraph& _G,Node v)
	: Edge(_G.nodes[v.n].first_in), G(&_G) { }
      InEdgeIt &operator++() { n=G->edges[n].next_in; return *this; }
//       ///Validity check
//       operator bool() { return Edge::operator bool(); }      
    };

  };



  class SymSmartGraph : public SmartGraph {
    typedef SmartGraph Parent;
  public:

    typedef SymSmartGraph Graph;

    typedef SmartGraph::Node Node;
    typedef SmartGraph::NodeIt NodeIt;

    class SymEdge;
    class SymEdgeIt;

    class Edge;
    class EdgeIt;
    class OutEdgeIt;
    class InEdgeIt;

    template <typename Value>
    class NodeMap : public Parent::NodeMap<Value> {      
    public:
      NodeMap(const SymSmartGraph& g) 
	: SymSmartGraph::Parent::NodeMap<Value>(g) {}
      NodeMap(const SymSmartGraph& g, Value v) 
	: SymSmartGraph::Parent::NodeMap<Value>(g, v) {}
      template<typename TT> 
      NodeMap(const NodeMap<TT>& copy) 
	: SymSmartGraph::Parent::NodeMap<Value>(copy) { }            
    };

    template <typename Value>
    class SymEdgeMap : public Parent::EdgeMap<Value> {
    public:
      typedef SymEdge KeyType;

      SymEdgeMap(const SymSmartGraph& g) 
	: SymSmartGraph::Parent::EdgeMap<Value>(g) {}
      SymEdgeMap(const SymSmartGraph& g, Value v) 
	: SymSmartGraph::Parent::EdgeMap<Value>(g, v) {}
      template<typename TT> 
      SymEdgeMap(const SymEdgeMap<TT>& copy) 
	: SymSmartGraph::Parent::EdgeMap<Value>(copy) { }
      
    };

    // Create edge map registry.
    CREATE_EDGE_MAP_REGISTRY;
    // Create edge maps.
    CREATE_EDGE_MAP(ArrayMap);

    class Edge {
      friend class SymSmartGraph;
      friend class SymSmartGraph::EdgeIt;
      friend class SymSmartGraph::OutEdgeIt;
      friend class SymSmartGraph::InEdgeIt;
      
    protected:
      int id;

      Edge(int pid) { id = pid; }

    public:
      /// An Edge with id \c n.

      Edge() { }
      Edge (Invalid) { id = -1; }

      operator SymEdge(){ return SymEdge(id >> 1);}
      
      bool operator==(const Edge i) const {return id == i.id;}
      bool operator!=(const Edge i) const {return id != i.id;}
      bool operator<(const Edge i) const {return id < i.id;}
      //      ///Validity check
      //      operator bool() { return n!=-1; }
    };

    class SymEdge : public SmartGraph::Edge {
      friend class SymSmartGraph;
      friend class SymSmartGraph::Edge;
      typedef SmartGraph::Edge Parent;

    protected:      
      SymEdge(int pid) : Parent(pid) {}
    public:

      SymEdge() { }
      SymEdge(const SmartGraph::Edge& i) : Parent(i) {} 
      SymEdge (Invalid) : Parent(INVALID) {}

    };

    class OutEdgeIt {
      Parent::OutEdgeIt out;
      Parent::InEdgeIt in;      
    public: 
      OutEdgeIt() {}
      OutEdgeIt(const SymSmartGraph& g, Edge e) { 
	if (e.id & 1 == 0) {	
	  out = Parent::OutEdgeIt(g, SymEdge(e));
	  in = Parent::InEdgeIt(g, g.tail(e));
	} else {
	  out = Parent::OutEdgeIt(INVALID);
	  in = Parent::InEdgeIt(g, SymEdge(e));
	}
      }
      OutEdgeIt (Invalid i) : out(INVALID), in(INVALID) { }

      OutEdgeIt(const SymSmartGraph& g, const Node v)
	: out(g, v), in(g, v) {}
      OutEdgeIt &operator++() { 
	if (out != INVALID) {
	  ++out;
	} else {
	  ++in;
	}
	return *this; 
      }

      operator Edge() const {
	if (out == INVALID && in == INVALID) return INVALID;
	return out != INVALID ? forward(out) : backward(in);
      }

      bool operator==(const Edge i) const {return Edge(*this) == i;}
      bool operator!=(const Edge i) const {return Edge(*this) != i;}
      bool operator<(const Edge i) const {return Edge(*this) < i;}
    };

    class InEdgeIt {
      Parent::OutEdgeIt out;
      Parent::InEdgeIt in;      
    public: 
      InEdgeIt() {}
      InEdgeIt(const SymSmartGraph& g, Edge e) { 
	if (e.id & 1 == 0) {	
	  out = Parent::OutEdgeIt(g, SymEdge(e));
	  in = Parent::InEdgeIt(g, g.tail(e));
	} else {
	  out = Parent::OutEdgeIt(INVALID);
	  in = Parent::InEdgeIt(g, SymEdge(e));
	}
      }
      InEdgeIt (Invalid i) : out(INVALID), in(INVALID) { }

      InEdgeIt(const SymSmartGraph& g, const Node v)
	: out(g, v), in(g, v) {}

      InEdgeIt &operator++() { 
	if (out != INVALID) {
	  ++out;
	} else {
	  ++in;
	}
	return *this; 
      }

      operator Edge() const {
	if (out == INVALID && in == INVALID) return INVALID;
	return out != INVALID ? backward(out) : forward(in);
      }

      bool operator==(const Edge i) const {return Edge(*this) == i;}
      bool operator!=(const Edge i) const {return Edge(*this) != i;}
      bool operator<(const Edge i) const {return Edge(*this) < i;}
    };

    class SymEdgeIt : public Parent::EdgeIt {

    public:
      SymEdgeIt() {}

      SymEdgeIt(const SymSmartGraph& g) 
	: SymSmartGraph::Parent::EdgeIt(g) {}

      SymEdgeIt(const SymSmartGraph& g, SymEdge e) 
	: SymSmartGraph::Parent::EdgeIt(g, e) {}

      SymEdgeIt(Invalid i) 
	: SymSmartGraph::Parent::EdgeIt(INVALID) {}

      SymEdgeIt& operator++() {
	SymSmartGraph::Parent::EdgeIt::operator++();
	return *this;
      }

      operator SymEdge() const {
	return SymEdge
	  (static_cast<const SymSmartGraph::Parent::EdgeIt&>(*this));
      }
      bool operator==(const SymEdge i) const {return SymEdge(*this) == i;}
      bool operator!=(const SymEdge i) const {return SymEdge(*this) != i;}
      bool operator<(const SymEdge i) const {return SymEdge(*this) < i;}
    };

    class EdgeIt {
      SymEdgeIt it;
      bool fw;
    public:
      EdgeIt(const SymSmartGraph& g) : it(g), fw(true) {}
      EdgeIt (Invalid i) : it(i) { }
      EdgeIt(const SymSmartGraph& g, Edge e) 
	: it(g, SymEdge(e)), fw(id(e) & 1 == 0) { }
      EdgeIt() { }
      EdgeIt& operator++() {
	fw = !fw;
	if (fw) ++it;
	return *this;
      }
      operator Edge() const {
	if (it == INVALID) return INVALID;
	return fw ? forward(it) : backward(it);
      }
      bool operator==(const Edge i) const {return Edge(*this) == i;}
      bool operator!=(const Edge i) const {return Edge(*this) != i;}
      bool operator<(const Edge i) const {return Edge(*this) < i;}

    };

    ///Number of nodes.
    int nodeNum() const { return Parent::nodeNum(); }
    ///Number of edges.
    int edgeNum() const { return 2*Parent::edgeNum(); }
    ///Number of symmetric edges.
    int symEdgeNum() const { return Parent::edgeNum(); }

    /// Maximum node ID.
    
    /// Maximum node ID.
    ///\sa id(Node)
    int maxNodeId() const { return Parent::maxNodeId(); } 
    /// Maximum edge ID.
    
    /// Maximum edge ID.
    ///\sa id(Edge)
    int maxEdgeId() const { return 2*Parent::maxEdgeId(); }
    /// Maximum symmetric edge ID.
    
    /// Maximum symmetric edge ID.
    ///\sa id(SymEdge)
    int maxSymEdgeId() const { return Parent::maxEdgeId(); }


    Node tail(Edge e) const { 
      return e.id & 1 == 0 ? 
	Parent::tail(SymEdge(e)) : Parent::head(SymEdge(e)); 
    }

    Node head(Edge e) const { 
      return e.id & 1 == 0 ? 
	Parent::head(SymEdge(e)) : Parent::tail(SymEdge(e)); 
    }

    Node tail(SymEdge e) const { 
      return Parent::tail(e); 
    }

    Node head(SymEdge e) const { 
      return Parent::head(e); 
    }

    NodeIt& first(NodeIt& v) const { 
      v=NodeIt(*this); return v; }
    EdgeIt& first(EdgeIt& e) const { 
      e=EdgeIt(*this); return e; }
    SymEdgeIt& first(SymEdgeIt& e) const {
      e=SymEdgeIt(*this); return e; }
    OutEdgeIt& first(OutEdgeIt& e, const Node v) const { 
      e=OutEdgeIt(*this,v); return e; }
    InEdgeIt& first(InEdgeIt& e, const Node v) const { 
      e=InEdgeIt(*this,v); return e; }

    /// Node ID.
    
    /// The ID of a valid Node is a nonnegative integer not greater than
    /// \ref maxNodeId(). The range of the ID's is not surely continuous
    /// and the greatest node ID can be actually less then \ref maxNodeId().
    ///
    /// The ID of the \ref INVALID node is -1.
    ///\return The ID of the node \c v. 
    static int id(Node v) { return Parent::id(v); }
    /// Edge ID.
    
    /// The ID of a valid Edge is a nonnegative integer not greater than
    /// \ref maxEdgeId(). The range of the ID's is not surely continuous
    /// and the greatest edge ID can be actually less then \ref maxEdgeId().
    ///
    /// The ID of the \ref INVALID edge is -1.
    ///\return The ID of the edge \c e. 
    static int id(Edge e) { return e.id; }

    /// The ID of a valid SymEdge is a nonnegative integer not greater than
    /// \ref maxSymEdgeId(). The range of the ID's is not surely continuous
    /// and the greatest edge ID can be actually less then \ref maxSymEdgeId().
    ///
    /// The ID of the \ref INVALID symmetric edge is -1.
    ///\return The ID of the edge \c e. 
    static int id(SymEdge e) { return Parent::id(e); }

    /// Adds a new node to the graph.

    /// \warning It adds the new node to the front of the list.
    /// (i.e. the lastly added node becomes the first.)
    Node addNode() {
      return Parent::addNode();
    }
    
    SymEdge addEdge(Node u, Node v) {
      SymEdge se = Parent::addEdge(u, v);
      edge_maps.add(forward(se));
      edge_maps.add(backward(se));
      return se;
    }
    
    /// Finds an edge between two nodes.

    /// Finds an edge from node \c u to node \c v.
    ///
    /// If \c prev is \ref INVALID (this is the default value), then
    /// It finds the first edge from \c u to \c v. Otherwise it looks for
    /// the next edge from \c u to \c v after \c prev.
    /// \return The found edge or INVALID if there is no such an edge.
    Edge findEdge(Node u, Node v, Edge prev = INVALID) 
    {     
      if (prev == INVALID || id(prev) & 1 == 0) {
	SymEdge se = Parent::findEdge(u, v, SymEdge(prev));
	if (se != INVALID) return forward(se);
      } else {
	SymEdge se = Parent::findEdge(v, u, SymEdge(prev));
	if (se != INVALID) return backward(se);	
      }
      return INVALID;
    }

    /// Finds an symmetric edge between two nodes.

    /// Finds an symmetric edge from node \c u to node \c v.
    ///
    /// If \c prev is \ref INVALID (this is the default value), then
    /// It finds the first edge from \c u to \c v. Otherwise it looks for
    /// the next edge from \c u to \c v after \c prev.
    /// \return The found edge or INVALID if there is no such an edge.

//     SymEdge findEdge(Node u, Node v, SymEdge prev = INVALID) 
//     {     
//       if (prev == INVALID || id(prev) & 1 == 0) {
// 	SymEdge se = Parent::findEdge(u, v, SymEdge(prev));
// 	if (se != INVALID) return se;
//       } else {
// 	SymEdge se = Parent::findEdge(v, u, SymEdge(prev));
// 	if (se != INVALID) return se;	
//       }
//       return INVALID;
//     }
    
  public:

    void clear() {
      edge_maps.clear();
      Parent::clear();
    }

    static Edge opposite(Edge e) {
      return Edge(id(e) ^ 1);
    }

    static Edge forward(SymEdge e) {
      return Edge(id(e) << 1);
    }

    static Edge backward(SymEdge e) {
      return Edge((id(e) << 1) & 1);
    }

  };
  ///Graph for bidirectional edges.

  ///The purpose of this graph structure is to handle graphs
  ///having bidirectional edges. Here the function \c addEdge(u,v) adds a pair
  ///of oppositely directed edges.
  ///There is a new edge map type called
  ///\ref SymSmartGraph::SymEdgeMap "SymEdgeMap"
  ///that complements this
  ///feature by
  ///storing shared values for the edge pairs. The usual
  ///\ref Graph::EdgeMap "EdgeMap"
  ///can be used
  ///as well.
  ///
  ///The oppositely directed edge can also be obtained easily
  ///using \ref opposite.
  ///\warning It shares the similarity with \ref SmartGraph that
  ///it is not possible to delete edges or nodes from the graph.
  //\sa SmartGraph.

  /*  class SymSmartGraph : public SmartGraph
  {
  public:
    typedef SymSmartGraph Graph;

    // Create symmetric map registry.
    CREATE_SYM_EDGE_MAP_REGISTRY;
    // Create symmetric edge map.
    CREATE_SYM_EDGE_MAP(ArrayMap);


    SymSmartGraph() : SmartGraph() { }
    SymSmartGraph(const SmartGraph &_g) : SmartGraph(_g) { }
    ///Adds a pair of oppositely directed edges to the graph.
    Edge addEdge(Node u, Node v)
    {
      Edge e = SmartGraph::addEdge(u,v);
      Edge f = SmartGraph::addEdge(v,u);
      sym_edge_maps.add(e);
      sym_edge_maps.add(f);
      return e;
    }

    ///The oppositely directed edge.

    ///Returns the oppositely directed
    ///pair of the edge \c e.
    static Edge opposite(Edge e)
    {
      Edge f;
      f.n = e.n - 2*(e.n%2) + 1;
      return f;
    }
    

    };*/
  
  /// @}  
} //namespace hugo




#endif //HUGO_SMART_GRAPH_H