/* -*- C++ -*-
 * src/lemon/dfs.h - Part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2005 Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport
 * (Egervary Combinatorial Optimization Research Group, EGRES).
 *
 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted
 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For
 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.
 *
 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,
 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any
 * purpose.
 *
 */

#ifndef LEMON_DFS_H
#define LEMON_DFS_H

///\ingroup flowalgs
///\file
///\brief %DFS algorithm.
///
///\todo Revise Manual.

#include <lemon/graph_utils.h>
#include <lemon/invalid.h>

namespace lemon {

/// \addtogroup flowalgs
/// @{

  ///%DFS algorithm class.

  ///This class provides an efficient implementation of %DFS algorithm.
  ///
  ///\param GR The graph type the algorithm runs on.
  ///
  ///\author Alpar Juttner

#ifdef DOXYGEN
  template <typename GR>
#else
  template <typename GR>
#endif
  class Dfs{
  public:
    ///The type of the underlying graph.
    typedef GR Graph;
    ///\e
    typedef typename Graph::Node Node;
    ///\e
    typedef typename Graph::NodeIt NodeIt;
    ///\e
    typedef typename Graph::Edge Edge;
    ///\e
    typedef typename Graph::OutEdgeIt OutEdgeIt;
    
    ///\brief The type of the map that stores the last
    ///edges of the paths on the %DFS tree.
    typedef typename Graph::template NodeMap<Edge> PredMap;
    ///\brief The type of the map that stores the last but one
    ///nodes of the paths on the %DFS tree.
    typedef typename Graph::template NodeMap<Node> PredNodeMap;
    ///The type of the map that stores the dists of the nodes on the %DFS tree.
    typedef typename Graph::template NodeMap<int> DistMap;

  private:
    /// Pointer to the underlying graph.
    const Graph *G;
    ///Pointer to the map of predecessors edges.
    PredMap *predecessor;
    ///Indicates if \ref predecessor is locally allocated (\c true) or not.
    bool local_predecessor;
    ///Pointer to the map of predecessors nodes.
    PredNodeMap *pred_node;
    ///Indicates if \ref pred_node is locally allocated (\c true) or not.
    bool local_pred_node;
    ///Pointer to the map of distances.
    DistMap *distance;
    ///Indicates if \ref distance is locally allocated (\c true) or not.
    bool local_distance;

    ///The source node of the last execution.
    Node source;


    ///Initializes the maps.
    void init_maps() 
    {
      if(!predecessor) {
	local_predecessor = true;
	predecessor = new PredMap(*G);
      }
      if(!pred_node) {
	local_pred_node = true;
	pred_node = new PredNodeMap(*G);
      }
      if(!distance) {
	local_distance = true;
	distance = new DistMap(*G);
      }
    }
    
  public :    
    ///Constructor.
    
    ///\param _G the graph the algorithm will run on.
    ///
    Dfs(const Graph& _G) :
      G(&_G),
      predecessor(NULL), local_predecessor(false),
      pred_node(NULL), local_pred_node(false),
      distance(NULL), local_distance(false)
    { }
    
    ///Destructor.
    ~Dfs() 
    {
      if(local_predecessor) delete predecessor;
      if(local_pred_node) delete pred_node;
      if(local_distance) delete distance;
    }

    ///Sets the map storing the predecessor edges.

    ///Sets the map storing the predecessor edges.
    ///If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(),
    ///it will allocate one. The destuctor deallocates this
    ///automatically allocated map, of course.
    ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>
    Dfs &setPredMap(PredMap &m) 
    {
      if(local_predecessor) {
	delete predecessor;
	local_predecessor=false;
      }
      predecessor = &m;
      return *this;
    }

    ///Sets the map storing the predecessor nodes.

    ///Sets the map storing the predecessor nodes.
    ///If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(),
    ///it will allocate one. The destuctor deallocates this
    ///automatically allocated map, of course.
    ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>
    Dfs &setPredNodeMap(PredNodeMap &m) 
    {
      if(local_pred_node) {
	delete pred_node;
	local_pred_node=false;
      }
      pred_node = &m;
      return *this;
    }

    ///Sets the map storing the distances calculated by the algorithm.

    ///Sets the map storing the distances calculated by the algorithm.
    ///If you don't use this function before calling \ref run(),
    ///it will allocate one. The destuctor deallocates this
    ///automatically allocated map, of course.
    ///\return <tt> (*this) </tt>
    Dfs &setDistMap(DistMap &m) 
    {
      if(local_distance) {
	delete distance;
	local_distance=false;
      }
      distance = &m;
      return *this;
    }
    
  ///Runs %DFS algorithm from node \c s.

  ///This method runs the %DFS algorithm from a root node \c s
  ///in order to
  ///compute 
  ///- a %DFS tree and
  ///- the distance of each node from the root on this tree.
 
    void run(Node s) {
      
      init_maps();
      
      source = s;
      
      for ( NodeIt u(*G) ; u!=INVALID ; ++u ) {
	predecessor->set(u,INVALID);
	pred_node->set(u,INVALID);
      }
      
      int N = countNodes(*G);
      std::vector<typename Graph::OutEdgeIt> Q(N);

      int Qh=0;
      
      Q[Qh] = OutEdgeIt(*G, s);
      distance->set(s, 0);

      Node n=s;
      Node m;
      OutEdgeIt e;
      do {
	if((e=Q[Qh])!=INVALID)
	  if((m=G->target(e))!=s && (*predecessor)[m=G->target(e)]==INVALID) {
	    predecessor->set(m,e);
	    pred_node->set(m,n);
	    Q[++Qh] = OutEdgeIt(*G, m);
	    distance->set(m,Qh);
	    n=m;
	  }
	  else ++Q[Qh];
	else if(--Qh>=0) n=G->source(Q[Qh]);
      } while(Qh>=0);
    }
    
    ///The distance of a node from the root on the %DFS tree.

    ///Returns the distance of a node from the root on the %DFS tree.
    ///\pre \ref run() must be called before using this function.
    ///\warning If node \c v in unreachable from the root the return value
    ///of this funcion is undefined.
    int dist(Node v) const { return (*distance)[v]; }

    ///Returns the 'previous edge' of the %DFS path tree.

    ///For a node \c v it returns the last edge of the path on the %DFS tree
    ///from the root to \c
    ///v. It is \ref INVALID
    ///if \c v is unreachable from the root or if \c v=s. The
    ///%DFS tree used here is equal to the %DFS tree used in
    ///\ref predNode(Node v).  \pre \ref run() must be called before using
    ///this function.
    Edge pred(Node v) const { return (*predecessor)[v]; }

    ///Returns the 'previous node' of the %DFS tree.

    ///For a node \c v it returns the 'previous node' on the %DFS tree,
    ///i.e. it returns the last but one node of the path from the
    ///root to \c /v on the %DFS tree.
    ///It is INVALID if \c v is unreachable from the root or if
    ///\c v=s.
    ///\pre \ref run() must be called before
    ///using this function.
    Node predNode(Node v) const { return (*pred_node)[v]; }
    
    ///Returns a reference to the NodeMap of distances on the %DFS tree.
    
    ///Returns a reference to the NodeMap of distances on the %DFS tree.
    ///\pre \ref run() must
    ///be called before using this function.
    const DistMap &distMap() const { return *distance;}
 
    ///Returns a reference to the %DFS tree map.

    ///Returns a reference to the NodeMap of the edges of the
    ///%DFS tree.
    ///\pre \ref run() must be called before using this function.
    const PredMap &predMap() const { return *predecessor;}
 
    ///Returns a reference to the map of last but one nodes of the %DFS tree.

    ///Returns a reference to the NodeMap of the last but one nodes of the paths
    ///on the
    ///%DFS tree.
    ///\pre \ref run() must be called before using this function.
    const PredNodeMap &predNodeMap() const { return *pred_node;}

    ///Checks if a node is reachable from the root.

    ///Returns \c true if \c v is reachable from the root.
    ///\note The root node is reported to be reached!
    ///
    ///\pre \ref run() must be called before using this function.
    ///
    bool reached(Node v) { return v==source || (*predecessor)[v]!=INVALID; }
    
  };
  
/// @}
  
} //END OF NAMESPACE LEMON

#endif