/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-

 *

 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.

 *

 * Copyright (C) 2003-2010

 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport

 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).

 *

 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted

 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For

 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.

 *

 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,

 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any

 * purpose.

 *

 */

#ifndef LEMON_EDMONDS_KARP_H

#define LEMON_EDMONDS_KARP_H

/// \file

/// \ingroup max_flow

/// \brief Implementation of the Edmonds-Karp algorithm.

#include <lemon/tolerance.h>

#include <vector>

namespace lemon {

  /// \brief Default traits class of EdmondsKarp class.

  ///

  /// Default traits class of EdmondsKarp class.

  /// \param GR Digraph type.

  /// \param CAP Type of capacity map.

  template <typename GR, typename CAP>

  struct EdmondsKarpDefaultTraits {

    /// \brief The digraph type the algorithm runs on. 

    typedef GR Digraph;

    /// \brief The type of the map that stores the arc capacities.

    ///

    /// The type of the map that stores the arc capacities.

    /// It must meet the \ref concepts::ReadMap "ReadMap" concept.

    typedef CAP CapacityMap;

    /// \brief The type of the flow values.

    typedef typename CapacityMap::Value Value;

    /// \brief The type of the map that stores the flow values.

    ///

    /// The type of the map that stores the flow values.

    /// It must meet the \ref concepts::ReadWriteMap "ReadWriteMap" concept.

#ifdef DOXYGEN

    typedef GR::ArcMap<Value> FlowMap;

#else

    typedef typename Digraph::template ArcMap<Value> FlowMap;

#endif

    /// \brief Instantiates a FlowMap.

    ///

    /// This function instantiates a \ref FlowMap. 

    /// \param digraph The digraph for which we would like to define

    /// the flow map.

    static FlowMap* createFlowMap(const Digraph& digraph) {

      return new FlowMap(digraph);

    }

    /// \brief The tolerance used by the algorithm

    ///

    /// The tolerance used by the algorithm to handle inexact computation.

    typedef lemon::Tolerance<Value> Tolerance;

  };

  /// \ingroup max_flow

  ///

  /// \brief Edmonds-Karp algorithms class.

  ///

  /// This class provides an implementation of the \e Edmonds-Karp \e

  /// algorithm producing a \ref max_flow "flow of maximum value" in a

  /// digraph \ref clrs01algorithms, \ref amo93networkflows,

  /// \ref edmondskarp72theoretical.

  /// The Edmonds-Karp algorithm is slower than the Preflow

  /// algorithm, but it has an advantage of the step-by-step execution

  /// control with feasible flow solutions. The \e source node, the \e

  /// target node, the \e capacity of the arcs and the \e starting \e

  /// flow value of the arcs should be passed to the algorithm

  /// through the constructor.

  ///

  /// The time complexity of the algorithm is \f$ O(nm^2) \f$ in

  /// worst case. Always try the Preflow algorithm instead of this if

  /// you just want to compute the optimal flow.

  ///

  /// \tparam GR The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

  /// \tparam CAP The type of the capacity map. The default map

  /// type is \ref concepts::Digraph::ArcMap "GR::ArcMap<int>". 

  /// \tparam TR The traits class that defines various types used by the

  /// algorithm. By default, it is \ref EdmondsKarpDefaultTraits

  /// "EdmondsKarpDefaultTraits<GR, CAP>".

  /// In most cases, this parameter should not be set directly,

  /// consider to use the named template parameters instead.

#ifdef DOXYGEN

  template <typename GR, typename CAP, typename TR>

#else 

  template <typename GR,

	    typename CAP = typename GR::template ArcMap<int>,

            typename TR = EdmondsKarpDefaultTraits<GR, CAP> >

#endif

  class EdmondsKarp {

  public:

    /// The \ref EdmondsKarpDefaultTraits "traits class" of the algorithm.

    typedef TR Traits;

    /// The type of the digraph the algorithm runs on.

    typedef typename Traits::Digraph Digraph;

    /// The type of the capacity map.

    typedef typename Traits::CapacityMap CapacityMap;

    /// The type of the flow values.

    typedef typename Traits::Value Value; 

    /// The type of the flow map.

    typedef typename Traits::FlowMap FlowMap;

    /// The type of the tolerance.

    typedef typename Traits::Tolerance Tolerance;

  private:

    TEMPLATE_DIGRAPH_TYPEDEFS(Digraph);

    typedef typename Digraph::template NodeMap<Arc> PredMap;

    const Digraph& _graph;

    const CapacityMap* _capacity;

    Node _source, _target;

    FlowMap* _flow;

    bool _local_flow;

    PredMap* _pred;

    std::vector<Node> _queue;

    Tolerance _tolerance;

    Value _flow_value;

    void createStructures() {

      if (!_flow) {

	_flow = Traits::createFlowMap(_graph);

	_local_flow = true;

      }

      if (!_pred) {

	_pred = new PredMap(_graph);

      }

      _queue.resize(countNodes(_graph));

    }

    void destroyStructures() {

      if (_local_flow) {

	delete _flow;

      }

      if (_pred) {

	delete _pred;

      }

    }

  public:

    ///\name Named template parameters

    ///@{

    template <typename T>

    struct DefFlowMapTraits : public Traits {

      typedef T FlowMap;

      static FlowMap *createFlowMap(const Digraph&) {

	LEMON_ASSERT(false, "FlowMap is not initialized");

        return 0;

      }

    };

    /// \brief \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting

    /// FlowMap type

    ///

    /// \ref named-templ-param "Named parameter" for setting FlowMap

    /// type

    template <typename T>

    struct DefFlowMap 

      : public EdmondsKarp<Digraph, CapacityMap, DefFlowMapTraits<T> > {

      typedef EdmondsKarp<Digraph, CapacityMap, DefFlowMapTraits<T> >

      Create;

    };

    /// @}

  protected:

    EdmondsKarp() {}

  public:

    /// \brief The constructor of the class.

    ///

    /// The constructor of the class. 

    /// \param digraph The digraph the algorithm runs on. 

    /// \param capacity The capacity of the arcs. 

    /// \param source The source node.

    /// \param target The target node.

    EdmondsKarp(const Digraph& digraph, const CapacityMap& capacity,

		Node source, Node target)

      : _graph(digraph), _capacity(&capacity), _source(source), _target(target),

	_flow(0), _local_flow(false), _pred(0), _tolerance(), _flow_value()

    {

      LEMON_ASSERT(_source != _target,

                   "Flow source and target are the same nodes.");

    }

    /// \brief Destructor.

    ///

    /// Destructor.

    ~EdmondsKarp() {

      destroyStructures();

    }

    /// \brief Sets the capacity map.

    ///

    /// Sets the capacity map.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    EdmondsKarp& capacityMap(const CapacityMap& map) {

      _capacity = ↦

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Sets the flow map.

    ///

    /// Sets the flow map.

    /// If you don't use this function before calling \ref run() or

    /// \ref init(), an instance will be allocated automatically.

    /// The destructor deallocates this automatically allocated map,

    /// of course.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    EdmondsKarp& flowMap(FlowMap& map) {

      if (_local_flow) {

	delete _flow;

	_local_flow = false;

      }

      _flow = ↦

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Sets the source node.

    ///

    /// Sets the source node.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    EdmondsKarp& source(const Node& node) {

      _source = node;

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Sets the target node.

    ///

    /// Sets the target node.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    EdmondsKarp& target(const Node& node) {

      _target = node;

      return *this;

    }

    /// \brief Sets the tolerance used by algorithm.

    ///

    /// Sets the tolerance used by algorithm.

    /// \return <tt>(*this)</tt>

    EdmondsKarp& tolerance(const Tolerance& tolerance) {

      _tolerance = tolerance;

      return *this;

    } 

    /// \brief Returns a const reference to the tolerance.

    ///

    /// Returns a const reference to the tolerance object used by

    /// the algorithm.

    const Tolerance& tolerance() const {

      return _tolerance;

    } 

    /// \name Execution control

    /// The simplest way to execute the algorithm is to use \ref run().\n

    /// If you need better control on the initial solution or the execution,

    /// you have to call one of the \ref init() functions first, then

    /// \ref start() or multiple times the \ref augment() function.

    ///@{

    /// \brief Initializes the algorithm.

    ///

    /// Initializes the internal data structures and sets the initial

    /// flow to zero on each arc.

    void init() {

      createStructures();

      for (ArcIt it(_graph); it != INVALID; ++it) {

        _flow->set(it, 0);

      }

      _flow_value = 0;

    }

    /// \brief Initializes the algorithm using the given flow map.

    ///

    /// Initializes the internal data structures and sets the initial

    /// flow to the given \c flowMap. The \c flowMap should

    /// contain a feasible flow, i.e. at each node excluding the source

    /// and the target, the incoming flow should be equal to the

    /// outgoing flow.

    template <typename FlowMap>

    void flowInit(const FlowMap& flowMap) {

      createStructures();

      for (ArcIt e(_graph); e != INVALID; ++e) {

	_flow->set(e, flowMap[e]);

      }

      _flow_value = 0;

      for (OutArcIt jt(_graph, _source); jt != INVALID; ++jt) {

        _flow_value += (*_flow)[jt];

      }

      for (InArcIt jt(_graph, _source); jt != INVALID; ++jt) {

        _flow_value -= (*_flow)[jt];

      }

    }

    /// \brief Initializes the algorithm using the given flow map.

    ///

    /// Initializes the internal data structures and sets the initial

    /// flow to the given \c flowMap. The \c flowMap should

    /// contain a feasible flow, i.e. at each node excluding the source

    /// and the target, the incoming flow should be equal to the

    /// outgoing flow. 

    /// \return \c false when the given \c flowMap does not contain a

    /// feasible flow.

    template <typename FlowMap>

    bool checkedFlowInit(const FlowMap& flowMap) {

      createStructures();

      for (ArcIt e(_graph); e != INVALID; ++e) {

	_flow->set(e, flowMap[e]);

      }

      for (NodeIt it(_graph); it != INVALID; ++it) {

        if (it == _source || it == _target) continue;

        Value outFlow = 0;

        for (OutArcIt jt(_graph, it); jt != INVALID; ++jt) {

          outFlow += (*_flow)[jt];

        }

        Value inFlow = 0;

        for (InArcIt jt(_graph, it); jt != INVALID; ++jt) {

          inFlow += (*_flow)[jt];

        }

        if (_tolerance.different(outFlow, inFlow)) {

          return false;

        }

      }

      for (ArcIt it(_graph); it != INVALID; ++it) {

        if (_tolerance.less((*_flow)[it], 0)) return false;

        if (_tolerance.less((*_capacity)[it], (*_flow)[it])) return false;

      }

      _flow_value = 0;

      for (OutArcIt jt(_graph, _source); jt != INVALID; ++jt) {

        _flow_value += (*_flow)[jt];

      }

      for (InArcIt jt(_graph, _source); jt != INVALID; ++jt) {

        _flow_value -= (*_flow)[jt];

      }

      return true;

    }

    /// \brief Augments the solution along a shortest path.

    /// 

    /// Augments the solution along a shortest path. This function searches a

    /// shortest path between the source and the target

    /// in the residual digraph by the Bfs algoritm.

    /// Then it increases the flow on this path with the minimal residual

    /// capacity on the path. If there is no such path, it gives back

    /// false.

    /// \return \c false when the augmenting did not success, i.e. the

    /// current flow is a feasible and optimal solution.

    bool augment() {

      for (NodeIt n(_graph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

	_pred->set(n, INVALID);

      }

      int first = 0, last = 1;

      _queue[0] = _source;

      _pred->set(_source, OutArcIt(_graph, _source));

      while (first != last && (*_pred)[_target] == INVALID) {

	Node n = _queue[first++];

	for (OutArcIt e(_graph, n); e != INVALID; ++e) {

	  Value rem = (*_capacity)[e] - (*_flow)[e];

	  Node t = _graph.target(e);

	  if (_tolerance.positive(rem) && (*_pred)[t] == INVALID) {

	    _pred->set(t, e);

	    _queue[last++] = t;

	  }

	}

	for (InArcIt e(_graph, n); e != INVALID; ++e) {

	  Value rem = (*_flow)[e];

	  Node t = _graph.source(e);

	  if (_tolerance.positive(rem) && (*_pred)[t] == INVALID) {

	    _pred->set(t, e);

	    _queue[last++] = t;

	  }

	}

      }

      if ((*_pred)[_target] != INVALID) {

	Node n = _target;

	Arc e = (*_pred)[n];

	Value prem = (*_capacity)[e] - (*_flow)[e];

	n = _graph.source(e);

	while (n != _source) {

	  e = (*_pred)[n];

	  if (_graph.target(e) == n) {

	    Value rem = (*_capacity)[e] - (*_flow)[e];

	    if (rem < prem) prem = rem;

	    n = _graph.source(e);

	  } else {

	    Value rem = (*_flow)[e];

	    if (rem < prem) prem = rem;

	    n = _graph.target(e);   

	  } 

	}

	n = _target;

	e = (*_pred)[n];

	_flow->set(e, (*_flow)[e] + prem);

	n = _graph.source(e);

	while (n != _source) {

	  e = (*_pred)[n];

	  if (_graph.target(e) == n) {

	    _flow->set(e, (*_flow)[e] + prem);

	    n = _graph.source(e);

	  } else {

	    _flow->set(e, (*_flow)[e] - prem);

	    n = _graph.target(e);   

	  } 

	}

	_flow_value += prem;	

	return true;

      } else {

	return false;

      }

    }

    /// \brief Executes the algorithm

    ///

    /// Executes the algorithm by performing augmenting phases until the

    /// optimal solution is reached. 

    /// \pre One of the \ref init() functions must be called before

    /// using this function.

    void start() {

      while (augment()) {}

    }

    /// \brief Runs the algorithm.

    /// 

    /// Runs the Edmonds-Karp algorithm.

    /// \note ek.run() is just a shortcut of the following code.

    ///\code 

    /// ek.init();

    /// ek.start();

    ///\endcode

    void run() {

      init();

      start();

    }

    /// @}

    /// \name Query Functions

    /// The result of the Edmonds-Karp algorithm can be obtained using these

    /// functions.\n

    /// Either \ref run() or \ref start() should be called before using them.

    ///@{

    /// \brief Returns the value of the maximum flow.

    ///

    /// Returns the value of the maximum flow found by the algorithm.

    ///

    /// \pre Either \ref run() or \ref init() must be called before

    /// using this function.

    Value flowValue() const {

      return _flow_value;

    }

    /// \brief Returns the flow value on the given arc.

    ///

    /// Returns the flow value on the given arc.

    ///

    /// \pre Either \ref run() or \ref init() must be called before

    /// using this function.

    Value flow(const Arc& arc) const {

      return (*_flow)[arc];

    }

    /// \brief Returns a const reference to the flow map.

    ///

    /// Returns a const reference to the arc map storing the found flow.

    ///

    /// \pre Either \ref run() or \ref init() must be called before

    /// using this function.

    const FlowMap& flowMap() const {

      return *_flow;

    }

    /// \brief Returns \c true when the node is on the source side of the

    /// minimum cut.

    ///

    /// Returns true when the node is on the source side of the found

    /// minimum cut.

    ///

    /// \pre Either \ref run() or \ref init() must be called before

    /// using this function.

    bool minCut(const Node& node) const {

      return ((*_pred)[node] != INVALID) or node == _source;

    }

    /// \brief Gives back a minimum value cut.

    ///

    /// Sets \c cutMap to the characteristic vector of a minimum value

    /// cut. \c cutMap should be a \ref concepts::WriteMap "writable"

    /// node map with \c bool (or convertible) value type.

    ///

    /// \note This function calls \ref minCut() for each node, so it runs in

    /// O(n) time.

    ///

    /// \pre Either \ref run() or \ref init() must be called before

    /// using this function.

    template <typename CutMap>

    void minCutMap(CutMap& cutMap) const {

      for (NodeIt n(_graph); n != INVALID; ++n) {

	cutMap.set(n, (*_pred)[n] != INVALID);

      }

      cutMap.set(_source, true);

    }    

    /// @}

  };

}

#endif