namespace lemon {

/*!

\page graph-io-page Graph Input-Output

The standard graph IO enables to store graphs and additional maps

in a flexible and efficient way. 

\section format The general file format

The file contains at most four sections in the following order:

\li nodeset

\li edgeset

\li nodes

\li edges

The nodeset section starts with the following line:

<tt>\@nodeset</tt>

The next line contains the names of the nodemaps, separated by whitespaces.  Each

following line describes a node in the graph: it contains the values of the

maps in the right order. The map named "id" should contain unique values

because it is regarded as an ID-map. For example:

\code

@nodeset

id  x-coord  y-coord  color

3   1.0      4.0      blue

5   2.3      5.7      red

12  7.8      2.3      green

\endcode

The edgeset section is very similar to the nodeset section, it has

the same coloumn oriented structure. It starts with the line 

<tt>\@edgeset</tt>

The next line contains the whitespace separated list of names of the maps.

Each of the next lines describes one edge. The first two elements in the line

are the IDs of the source and target (or tail and head) node of the edge as they occur in the ID node

map. You can also have an optional ID map on the edges for later reference.

\code

@edgeset

             id    weight   label

3   5        a     4.3      a-edge

5   12       c     2.6      c-edge

3   12       g     3.4      g-edge

\endcode

The next section contains <em>labeled nodes</em> (i.e. nodes having a special

label on them). The section starts with

<tt> \@nodes </tt>

Each of the next lines contains a label for a node in the graph 

and then the ID described in the nodeset section.

\code

@nodes 

source 3

target 12

\endcode

The last section describes the <em>labeled edges</em>

(i.e. edges having a special label on them). It starts with \c \@edges

and then each line contains the name of the edge and the ID.

\code

@nodes 

observed c

\endcode

The file may contain empty lines and comment lines. The comment lines

start with an \c # character.

The file ends with the 

<tt> \@end </tt>

line.

\section use Using graph input-output

The graph input and output is based on reading and writing  commands. The user

adds reading and writing commands to the reader or writer class, then he

calls the \c run() method that executes all the given commands.

\subsection write Writing a graph

The \c GraphWriter class provides the graph output. To write a graph

you should first give writing commands to the writer. You can declare

write command as \c NodeMap or \c EdgeMap writing and labeled Node and

Edge writing.

\code

GraphWriter<ListGraph> writer(std::cout, graph);

\endcode

The \c writeNodeMap() function declares a \c NodeMap writing command in the

\c GraphWriter. You should give a name of the map and the map

object as parameters. The NodeMap writing command with name "id" should write a 

unique map because it is regarded as ID map.

\see IdMap, DescriptorMap  

\code

IdMap<ListGraph, Node> nodeIdMap;

writer.writeNodeMap("id", nodeIdMap);

writer.writeNodeMap("x-coord", xCoordMap);

writer.writeNodeMap("y-coord", yCoordMap);

writer.writeNodeMap("color", colorMap);

\endcode

With the \c writeEdgeMap() member function you can give an edge map

writing command similar to the NodeMaps.

\see IdMap, DescriptorMap  

\code

DescriptorMap<ListGraph, Edge, ListGraph::EdgeMap<int> > edgeDescMap(graph);

writer.writeEdgeMap("descriptor", edgeDescMap);

writer.writeEdgeMap("weight", weightMap);

writer.writeEdgeMap("label", labelMap);

\endcode

With \c writeNode() and \c writeEdge() functions you can designate Nodes and

Edges in the graph. For example, you can write out the source and target node

of a maximum flow instance.

\code

writer.writeNode("source", sourceNode);

writer.writeNode("target", targetNode);

writer.writeEdge("observed", edge);

\endcode

After you give all write commands you must call the \c run() member

function, which executes all the writing commands.

\code

writer.run();

\endcode

\subsection reading Reading a graph

The given file format may contain several maps and labeled nodes or edges.

If you read a graph you need not read all the maps and items just those

that you need. The interface of the \c GraphReader is very similar to

the GraphWriter but the reading method does not depend on the order of the

given commands.

The reader object assumes that each not readed value does not contain 

whitespaces, therefore it has some extra possibilities to control how

it should skip the values when the string representation contains spaces.

\code

GraphReader<ListGraph> reader(std::cin, graph);

\endcode

The \c readNodeMap() function reads a map from the \c \@nodeset section.

If there is a map that you do not want to read from the file and there are

whitespaces in the string represenation of the values then you should

call the \c skipNodeMap() template member function with proper parameters.

\see QuotedStringReader

\code

reader.readNodeMap("x-coord", xCoordMap);

reader.readNodeMap("y-coord", yCoordMap);

reader.readNodeMap<QuotedStringReader>("label", labelMap);

reader.skipNodeMap<QuotedStringReader>("description");

reader.readNodeMap("color", colorMap);

\endcode

With the \c readEdgeMap() member function you can give an edge map

reading command similar to the NodeMaps. 

\code

reader.readEdgeMap("weight", weightMap);

reader.readEdgeMap("label", labelMap);

\endcode

With \c readNode() and \c readEdge() functions you can read labeled Nodes and

Edges.

\code

reader.readNode("source", sourceNode);

reader.readNode("target", targetNode);

reader.readEdge("observed", edge);

\endcode

After you give all read commands you must call the \c run() member

function, which executes all the commands.

\code

reader.run();

\endcode

\section types The background of Reading and Writing

The \c GraphReader should know how to read a Value from the given map.

By the default implementation the input operator reads a value from

the stream and the type of the readed value is the value type of the given map.

When the reader should skip a value in the stream, because you do not

want to store it in map, the reader skips a character sequence without 

whitespace. 

If you want to change the functionality of the reader, you can use

template parameters to specialize it. When you give a reading

command for a map you can give a Reader type as template parameter.

With this template parameter you can control how the Reader reads

a value from the stream.

The reader has the next structure: 

\code

struct TypeReader {

  typedef TypeName Value;

  void read(std::istream& is, Value& value);

};

\endcode

By example, the \c "strings" nodemap contains strings and you do not need

the value of the string just the length. Then you can implement own Reader

struct.

\code

struct LengthReader {

  typedef int Value;

  void read(std::istream& is, Value& value) {

    std::string tmp;

    is >> tmp;

    value = tmp.length();

  }

};

...

reader.readNodeMap<LengthReader>("strings", lengthMap);

\endcode  

The global functionality of the reader class can be changed by giving a

special template parameter to the GraphReader class. By default, the

template parameter is \c DefaultReaderTraits. A reader traits class 

should provide an inner template class Reader for each type, and an 

DefaultReader for skipping a value.

The specialization of the writing should be very similar to the reading.

\author Balazs Dezso

*/

}