/* -*- mode: C++; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-

 *

 * This file is a part of LEMON, a generic C++ optimization library.

 *

 * Copyright (C) 2003-2013

 * Egervary Jeno Kombinatorikus Optimalizalasi Kutatocsoport

 * (Egervary Research Group on Combinatorial Optimization, EGRES).

 *

 * Permission to use, modify and distribute this software is granted

 * provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. For

 * precise terms see the accompanying LICENSE file.

 *

 * This software is provided "AS IS" with no warranty of any kind,

 * express or implied, and with no claim as to its suitability for any

 * purpose.

 *

 */

///\ingroup graph_concepts

///\file

///\brief The concept of undirected graphs.

#ifndef LEMON_CONCEPTS_BPGRAPH_H

#define LEMON_CONCEPTS_BPGRAPH_H

#include <lemon/concepts/graph_components.h>

#include <lemon/concepts/maps.h>

#include <lemon/concept_check.h>

#include <lemon/core.h>

#include <lemon/bits/stl_iterators.h>

namespace lemon {

  namespace concepts {

    /// \ingroup graph_concepts

    ///

    /// \brief Class describing the concept of undirected bipartite graphs.

    ///

    /// This class describes the common interface of all undirected

    /// bipartite graphs.

    ///

    /// Like all concept classes, it only provides an interface

    /// without any sensible implementation. So any general algorithm for

    /// undirected bipartite graphs should compile with this class,

    /// but it will not run properly, of course.

    /// An actual graph implementation like \ref ListBpGraph or

    /// \ref SmartBpGraph may have additional functionality.

    ///

    /// The bipartite graphs also fulfill the concept of \ref Graph

    /// "undirected graphs". Bipartite graphs provide a bipartition of

    /// the node set, namely a red and blue set of the nodes. The

    /// nodes can be iterated with the RedNodeIt and BlueNodeIt in the

    /// two node sets. With RedNodeMap and BlueNodeMap values can be

    /// assigned to the nodes in the two sets.

    ///

    /// The edges of the graph cannot connect two nodes of the same

    /// set. The edges inherent orientation is from the red nodes to

    /// the blue nodes.

    ///

    /// \sa Graph

    class BpGraph {

    private:

      /// BpGraphs are \e not copy constructible. Use bpGraphCopy instead.

      BpGraph(const BpGraph&) {}

      /// \brief Assignment of a graph to another one is \e not allowed.

      /// Use bpGraphCopy instead.

      void operator=(const BpGraph&) {}

    public:

      /// Default constructor.

      BpGraph() {}

      /// \brief Undirected graphs should be tagged with \c UndirectedTag.

      ///

      /// Undirected graphs should be tagged with \c UndirectedTag.

      ///

      /// This tag helps the \c enable_if technics to make compile time

      /// specializations for undirected graphs.

      typedef True UndirectedTag;

      /// The node type of the graph

      /// This class identifies a node of the graph. It also serves

      /// as a base class of the node iterators,

      /// thus they convert to this type.

      class Node {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the object to an undefined value.

        Node() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        Node(const Node&) { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const Node &operator=(const Node&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the object to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        Node(Invalid) { }

        /// Equality operator

        /// Equality operator.

        ///

        /// Two iterators are equal if and only if they point to the

        /// same object or both are \c INVALID.

        bool operator==(Node) const { return true; }

        /// Inequality operator

        /// Inequality operator.

        bool operator!=(Node) const { return true; }

        /// Artificial ordering operator.

        /// Artificial ordering operator.

        ///

        /// \note This operator only has to define some strict ordering of

        /// the items; this order has nothing to do with the iteration

        /// ordering of the items.

        bool operator<(Node) const { return false; }

      };

      /// Class to represent red nodes.

      /// This class represents the red nodes of the graph. It does

      /// not supposed to be used directly, because the nodes can be

      /// represented as Node instances. This class can be used as

      /// template parameter for special map classes.

      class RedNode : public Node {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the object to an undefined value.

        RedNode() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        RedNode(const RedNode&) : Node() { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const RedNode &operator=(const RedNode&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the object to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        RedNode(Invalid) { }

      };

      /// Class to represent blue nodes.

      /// This class represents the blue nodes of the graph. It does

      /// not supposed to be used directly, because the nodes can be

      /// represented as Node instances. This class can be used as

      /// template parameter for special map classes.

      class BlueNode : public Node {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the object to an undefined value.

        BlueNode() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        BlueNode(const BlueNode&) : Node() { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const BlueNode &operator=(const BlueNode&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the object to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        BlueNode(Invalid) { }

      };

      /// Iterator class for the red nodes.

      /// This iterator goes through each red node of the graph.

      /// Its usage is quite simple, for example, you can count the number

      /// of red nodes in a graph \c g of type \c %BpGraph like this:

      ///\code

      /// int count=0;

      /// for (BpGraph::RedNodeIt n(g); n!=INVALID; ++n) ++count;

      ///\endcode

      class RedNodeIt : public RedNode {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the iterator to an undefined value.

        RedNodeIt() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        RedNodeIt(const RedNodeIt& n) : RedNode(n) { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const RedNodeIt &operator=(const RedNodeIt&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the iterator to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        RedNodeIt(Invalid) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the first red node.

        /// Sets the iterator to the first red node of the given

        /// digraph.

        explicit RedNodeIt(const BpGraph&) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the given red node.

        /// Sets the iterator to the given red node of the given

        /// digraph.

        RedNodeIt(const BpGraph&, const RedNode&) { }

        /// Next node.

        /// Assign the iterator to the next red node.

        ///

        RedNodeIt& operator++() { return *this; }

      };

      /// \brief Gets the collection of the red nodes of the graph.

      ///

      /// This function can be used for iterating on

      /// the red nodes of the graph. It returns a wrapped RedNodeIt,

      /// which looks like an STL container (by having begin() and end())

      /// which you can use in range-based for loops, stl algorithms, etc.

      /// For example if g is a BpGraph, you can write:

      ///\code

      /// for(auto v: g.redNodes())

      ///   doSomething(v);

      ///\endcode

      LemonRangeWrapper1<RedNodeIt, BpGraph> redNodes() const {

        return LemonRangeWrapper1<RedNodeIt, BpGraph>(*this);

      }

      /// Iterator class for the blue nodes.

      /// This iterator goes through each blue node of the graph.

      /// Its usage is quite simple, for example, you can count the number

      /// of blue nodes in a graph \c g of type \c %BpGraph like this:

      ///\code

      /// int count=0;

      /// for (BpGraph::BlueNodeIt n(g); n!=INVALID; ++n) ++count;

      ///\endcode

      class BlueNodeIt : public BlueNode {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the iterator to an undefined value.

        BlueNodeIt() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        BlueNodeIt(const BlueNodeIt& n) : BlueNode(n) { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const BlueNodeIt &operator=(const BlueNodeIt&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the iterator to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        BlueNodeIt(Invalid) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the first blue node.

        /// Sets the iterator to the first blue node of the given

        /// digraph.

        explicit BlueNodeIt(const BpGraph&) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the given blue node.

        /// Sets the iterator to the given blue node of the given

        /// digraph.

        BlueNodeIt(const BpGraph&, const BlueNode&) { }

        /// Next node.

        /// Assign the iterator to the next blue node.

        ///

        BlueNodeIt& operator++() { return *this; }

      };

      /// \brief Gets the collection of the blue nodes of the graph.

      ///

      /// This function can be used for iterating on

      /// the blue nodes of the graph. It returns a wrapped BlueNodeIt,

      /// which looks like an STL container (by having begin() and end())

      /// which you can use in range-based for loops, stl algorithms, etc.

      /// For example if g is a BpGraph, you can write:

      ///\code

      /// for(auto v: g.blueNodes())

      ///   doSomething(v);

      ///\endcode

      LemonRangeWrapper1<BlueNodeIt, BpGraph> blueNodes() const {

        return LemonRangeWrapper1<BlueNodeIt, BpGraph>(*this);

      }

      /// Iterator class for the nodes.

      /// This iterator goes through each node of the graph.

      /// Its usage is quite simple, for example, you can count the number

      /// of nodes in a graph \c g of type \c %BpGraph like this:

      ///\code

      /// int count=0;

      /// for (BpGraph::NodeIt n(g); n!=INVALID; ++n) ++count;

      ///\endcode

      class NodeIt : public Node {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the iterator to an undefined value.

        NodeIt() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        NodeIt(const NodeIt& n) : Node(n) { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const NodeIt &operator=(const NodeIt&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the iterator to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        NodeIt(Invalid) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the first node.

        /// Sets the iterator to the first node of the given digraph.

        ///

        explicit NodeIt(const BpGraph&) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the given node.

        /// Sets the iterator to the given node of the given digraph.

        ///

        NodeIt(const BpGraph&, const Node&) { }

        /// Next node.

        /// Assign the iterator to the next node.

        ///

        NodeIt& operator++() { return *this; }

      };

      /// \brief Gets the collection of the nodes of the graph.

      ///

      /// This function can be used for iterating on

      /// the nodes of the graph. It returns a wrapped NodeIt,

      /// which looks like an STL container (by having begin() and end())

      /// which you can use in range-based for loops, stl algorithms, etc.

      /// For example if g is a BpGraph, you can write:

      ///\code

      /// for(auto v: g.nodes())

      ///   doSomething(v);

      ///\endcode

      LemonRangeWrapper1<NodeIt, BpGraph> nodes() const {

        return LemonRangeWrapper1<NodeIt, BpGraph>(*this);

      }

      /// The edge type of the graph

      /// This class identifies an edge of the graph. It also serves

      /// as a base class of the edge iterators,

      /// thus they will convert to this type.

      class Edge {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the object to an undefined value.

        Edge() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        Edge(const Edge&) { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const Edge &operator=(const Edge&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the object to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        Edge(Invalid) { }

        /// Equality operator

        /// Equality operator.

        ///

        /// Two iterators are equal if and only if they point to the

        /// same object or both are \c INVALID.

        bool operator==(Edge) const { return true; }

        /// Inequality operator

        /// Inequality operator.

        bool operator!=(Edge) const { return true; }

        /// Artificial ordering operator.

        /// Artificial ordering operator.

        ///

        /// \note This operator only has to define some strict ordering of

        /// the edges; this order has nothing to do with the iteration

        /// ordering of the edges.

        bool operator<(Edge) const { return false; }

      };

      /// Iterator class for the edges.

      /// This iterator goes through each edge of the graph.

      /// Its usage is quite simple, for example, you can count the number

      /// of edges in a graph \c g of type \c %BpGraph as follows:

      ///\code

      /// int count=0;

      /// for(BpGraph::EdgeIt e(g); e!=INVALID; ++e) ++count;

      ///\endcode

      class EdgeIt : public Edge {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the iterator to an undefined value.

        EdgeIt() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        EdgeIt(const EdgeIt& e) : Edge(e) { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const EdgeIt &operator=(const EdgeIt&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the iterator to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        EdgeIt(Invalid) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the first edge.

        /// Sets the iterator to the first edge of the given graph.

        ///

        explicit EdgeIt(const BpGraph&) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the given edge.

        /// Sets the iterator to the given edge of the given graph.

        ///

        EdgeIt(const BpGraph&, const Edge&) { }

        /// Next edge

        /// Assign the iterator to the next edge.

        ///

        EdgeIt& operator++() { return *this; }

      };

      /// \brief Gets the collection of the edges of the graph.

      ///

      /// This function can be used for iterating on the

      /// edges of the graph. It returns a wrapped

      /// EdgeIt, which looks like an STL container

      /// (by having begin() and end()) which you can use in range-based

      /// for loops, stl algorithms, etc.

      /// For example if g is a BpGraph, you can write:

      ///\code

      /// for(auto e: g.edges())

      ///   doSomething(e);

      ///\endcode

      LemonRangeWrapper1<EdgeIt, BpGraph> edges() const {

        return LemonRangeWrapper1<EdgeIt, BpGraph>(*this);

      }

      /// Iterator class for the incident edges of a node.

      /// This iterator goes trough the incident undirected edges

      /// of a certain node of a graph.

      /// Its usage is quite simple, for example, you can compute the

      /// degree (i.e. the number of incident edges) of a node \c n

      /// in a graph \c g of type \c %BpGraph as follows.

      ///

      ///\code

      /// int count=0;

      /// for(BpGraph::IncEdgeIt e(g, n); e!=INVALID; ++e) ++count;

      ///\endcode

      ///

      /// \warning Loop edges will be iterated twice.

      class IncEdgeIt : public Edge {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the iterator to an undefined value.

        IncEdgeIt() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        IncEdgeIt(const IncEdgeIt& e) : Edge(e) { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const IncEdgeIt &operator=(const IncEdgeIt&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the iterator to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        IncEdgeIt(Invalid) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the first incident edge.

        /// Sets the iterator to the first incident edge of the given node.

        ///

        IncEdgeIt(const BpGraph&, const Node&) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the given edge.

        /// Sets the iterator to the given edge of the given graph.

        ///

        IncEdgeIt(const BpGraph&, const Edge&) { }

        /// Next incident edge

        /// Assign the iterator to the next incident edge

        /// of the corresponding node.

        IncEdgeIt& operator++() { return *this; }

      };

      /// \brief Gets the collection of the incident edges

      ///  of a certain node of the graph.

      ///

      /// This function can be used for iterating on the

      /// incident undirected edges of a certain node of the graph.

      /// It returns a wrapped

      /// IncEdgeIt, which looks like an STL container

      /// (by having begin() and end()) which you can use in range-based

      /// for loops, stl algorithms, etc.

      /// For example if g is a BpGraph and u is a Node, you can write:

      ///\code

      /// for(auto e: g.incEdges(u))

      ///   doSomething(e);

      ///\endcode

      LemonRangeWrapper2<IncEdgeIt, BpGraph, Node> incEdges(const Node& u) const {

        return LemonRangeWrapper2<IncEdgeIt, BpGraph, Node>(*this, u);

      }

      /// The arc type of the graph

      /// This class identifies a directed arc of the graph. It also serves

      /// as a base class of the arc iterators,

      /// thus they will convert to this type.

      class Arc {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the object to an undefined value.

        Arc() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        Arc(const Arc&) { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const Arc &operator=(const Arc&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the object to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        Arc(Invalid) { }

        /// Equality operator

        /// Equality operator.

        ///

        /// Two iterators are equal if and only if they point to the

        /// same object or both are \c INVALID.

        bool operator==(Arc) const { return true; }

        /// Inequality operator

        /// Inequality operator.

        bool operator!=(Arc) const { return true; }

        /// Artificial ordering operator.

        /// Artificial ordering operator.

        ///

        /// \note This operator only has to define some strict ordering of

        /// the arcs; this order has nothing to do with the iteration

        /// ordering of the arcs.

        bool operator<(Arc) const { return false; }

        /// Converison to \c Edge

        /// Converison to \c Edge.

        ///

        operator Edge() const { return Edge(); }

      };

      /// Iterator class for the arcs.

      /// This iterator goes through each directed arc of the graph.

      /// Its usage is quite simple, for example, you can count the number

      /// of arcs in a graph \c g of type \c %BpGraph as follows:

      ///\code

      /// int count=0;

      /// for(BpGraph::ArcIt a(g); a!=INVALID; ++a) ++count;

      ///\endcode

      class ArcIt : public Arc {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the iterator to an undefined value.

        ArcIt() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        ArcIt(const ArcIt& e) : Arc(e) { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const ArcIt &operator=(const ArcIt&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the iterator to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        ArcIt(Invalid) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the first arc.

        /// Sets the iterator to the first arc of the given graph.

        ///

        explicit ArcIt(const BpGraph &g)

        {

          ::lemon::ignore_unused_variable_warning(g);

        }

        /// Sets the iterator to the given arc.

        /// Sets the iterator to the given arc of the given graph.

        ///

        ArcIt(const BpGraph&, const Arc&) { }

        /// Next arc

        /// Assign the iterator to the next arc.

        ///

        ArcIt& operator++() { return *this; }

      };

      /// \brief Gets the collection of the directed arcs of the graph.

      ///

      /// This function can be used for iterating on the

      /// arcs of the graph. It returns a wrapped

      /// ArcIt, which looks like an STL container

      /// (by having begin() and end()) which you can use in range-based

      /// for loops, stl algorithms, etc.

      /// For example if g is a BpGraph you can write:

      ///\code

      /// for(auto a: g.arcs())

      ///   doSomething(a);

      ///\endcode

      LemonRangeWrapper1<ArcIt, BpGraph> arcs() const {

        return LemonRangeWrapper1<ArcIt, BpGraph>(*this);

      }

      /// Iterator class for the outgoing arcs of a node.

      /// This iterator goes trough the \e outgoing directed arcs of a

      /// certain node of a graph.

      /// Its usage is quite simple, for example, you can count the number

      /// of outgoing arcs of a node \c n

      /// in a graph \c g of type \c %BpGraph as follows.

      ///\code

      /// int count=0;

      /// for (Digraph::OutArcIt a(g, n); a!=INVALID; ++a) ++count;

      ///\endcode

      class OutArcIt : public Arc {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the iterator to an undefined value.

        OutArcIt() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        OutArcIt(const OutArcIt& e) : Arc(e) { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const OutArcIt &operator=(const OutArcIt&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the iterator to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        OutArcIt(Invalid) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the first outgoing arc.

        /// Sets the iterator to the first outgoing arc of the given node.

        ///

        OutArcIt(const BpGraph& n, const Node& g) {

          ::lemon::ignore_unused_variable_warning(n);

          ::lemon::ignore_unused_variable_warning(g);

        }

        /// Sets the iterator to the given arc.

        /// Sets the iterator to the given arc of the given graph.

        ///

        OutArcIt(const BpGraph&, const Arc&) { }

        /// Next outgoing arc

        /// Assign the iterator to the next

        /// outgoing arc of the corresponding node.

        OutArcIt& operator++() { return *this; }

      };

      /// \brief Gets the collection of the outgoing directed arcs of a

      /// certain node of the graph.

      ///

      /// This function can be used for iterating on the

      /// outgoing arcs of a certain node of the graph. It returns a wrapped

      /// OutArcIt, which looks like an STL container

      /// (by having begin() and end()) which you can use in range-based

      /// for loops, stl algorithms, etc.

      /// For example if g is a BpGraph and u is a Node, you can write:

      ///\code

      /// for(auto a: g.outArcs(u))

      ///   doSomething(a);

      ///\endcode

      LemonRangeWrapper2<OutArcIt, BpGraph, Node> outArcs(const Node& u) const {

        return LemonRangeWrapper2<OutArcIt, BpGraph, Node>(*this, u);

      }

      /// Iterator class for the incoming arcs of a node.

      /// This iterator goes trough the \e incoming directed arcs of a

      /// certain node of a graph.

      /// Its usage is quite simple, for example, you can count the number

      /// of incoming arcs of a node \c n

      /// in a graph \c g of type \c %BpGraph as follows.

      ///\code

      /// int count=0;

      /// for (Digraph::InArcIt a(g, n); a!=INVALID; ++a) ++count;

      ///\endcode

      class InArcIt : public Arc {

      public:

        /// Default constructor

        /// Default constructor.

        /// \warning It sets the iterator to an undefined value.

        InArcIt() { }

        /// Copy constructor.

        /// Copy constructor.

        ///

        InArcIt(const InArcIt& e) : Arc(e) { }

        /// Assignment operator

        /// Assignment operator.

        ///

        const InArcIt &operator=(const InArcIt&) { return *this; }

        /// %Invalid constructor \& conversion.

        /// Initializes the iterator to be invalid.

        /// \sa Invalid for more details.

        InArcIt(Invalid) { }

        /// Sets the iterator to the first incoming arc.

        /// Sets the iterator to the first incoming arc of the given node.

        ///

        InArcIt(const BpGraph& g, const Node& n) {

          ::lemon::ignore_unused_variable_warning(n);

          ::lemon::ignore_unused_variable_warning(g);

        }

        /// Sets the iterator to the given arc.

        /// Sets the iterator to the given arc of the given graph.

        ///

        InArcIt(const BpGraph&, const Arc&) { }

        /// Next incoming arc

        /// Assign the iterator to the next

        /// incoming arc of the corresponding node.

        InArcIt& operator++() { return *this; }

      };

      /// \brief Gets the collection of the incoming directed arcs of a

      /// certain node of the graph.

      ///

      /// This function can be used for iterating on the

      /// incoming arcs of a certain node of the graph. It returns a wrapped

      /// InArcIt, which looks like an STL container

      /// (by having begin() and end()) which you can use in range-based

      /// for loops, stl algorithms, etc.

      /// For example if g is a BpGraph and u is a Node, you can write:

      ///\code

      /// for(auto a: g.inArcs(u))

      ///   doSomething(a);

      ///\endcode

      LemonRangeWrapper2<InArcIt, BpGraph, Node> inArcs(const Node& u) const {

        return LemonRangeWrapper2<InArcIt, BpGraph, Node>(*this, u);

      }

      /// \brief Standard graph map type for the nodes.

      ///

      /// Standard graph map type for the nodes.

      /// It conforms to the ReferenceMap concept.

      template<class T>

      class NodeMap : public ReferenceMap<Node, T, T&, const T&>

      {

      public:

        /// Constructor

        explicit NodeMap(const BpGraph&) { }

        /// Constructor with given initial value

        NodeMap(const BpGraph&, T) { }

      private:

        ///Copy constructor

        NodeMap(const NodeMap& nm) :

          ReferenceMap<Node, T, T&, const T&>(nm) { }

        ///Assignment operator

        template <typename CMap>

        NodeMap& operator=(const CMap&) {

          checkConcept<ReadMap<Node, T>, CMap>();

          return *this;

        }

      };

      /// \brief Standard graph map type for the red nodes.

      ///

      /// Standard graph map type for the red nodes.

      /// It conforms to the ReferenceMap concept.

      template<class T>

      class RedNodeMap : public ReferenceMap<Node, T, T&, const T&>

      {

      public:

        /// Constructor

        explicit RedNodeMap(const BpGraph&) { }

        /// Constructor with given initial value

        RedNodeMap(const BpGraph&, T) { }

      private:

        ///Copy constructor

        RedNodeMap(const RedNodeMap& nm) :

          ReferenceMap<Node, T, T&, const T&>(nm) { }

        ///Assignment operator

        template <typename CMap>

        RedNodeMap& operator=(const CMap&) {

          checkConcept<ReadMap<Node, T>, CMap>();

          return *this;

        }

      };

      /// \brief Standard graph map type for the blue nodes.

      ///

      /// Standard graph map type for the blue nodes.

      /// It conforms to the ReferenceMap concept.

      template<class T>

      class BlueNodeMap : public ReferenceMap<Node, T, T&, const T&>

      {

      public:

        /// Constructor

        explicit BlueNodeMap(const BpGraph&) { }

        /// Constructor with given initial value

        BlueNodeMap(const BpGraph&, T) { }

      private:

        ///Copy constructor

        BlueNodeMap(const BlueNodeMap& nm) :

          ReferenceMap<Node, T, T&, const T&>(nm) { }

        ///Assignment operator

        template <typename CMap>

        BlueNodeMap& operator=(const CMap&) {

          checkConcept<ReadMap<Node, T>, CMap>();

          return *this;

        }

      };

      /// \brief Standard graph map type for the arcs.

      ///

      /// Standard graph map type for the arcs.

      /// It conforms to the ReferenceMap concept.

      template<class T>

      class ArcMap : public ReferenceMap<Arc, T, T&, const T&>

      {

      public:

        /// Constructor

        explicit ArcMap(const BpGraph&) { }

        /// Constructor with given initial value

        ArcMap(const BpGraph&, T) { }

      private:

        ///Copy constructor

        ArcMap(const ArcMap& em) :

          ReferenceMap<Arc, T, T&, const T&>(em) { }

        ///Assignment operator

        template <typename CMap>

        ArcMap& operator=(const CMap&) {

          checkConcept<ReadMap<Arc, T>, CMap>();

          return *this;

        }

      };

      /// \brief Standard graph map type for the edges.

      ///

      /// Standard graph map type for the edges.

      /// It conforms to the ReferenceMap concept.

      template<class T>

      class EdgeMap : public ReferenceMap<Edge, T, T&, const T&>

      {

      public:

        /// Constructor

        explicit EdgeMap(const BpGraph&) { }

        /// Constructor with given initial value

        EdgeMap(const BpGraph&, T) { }

      private:

        ///Copy constructor

        EdgeMap(const EdgeMap& em) :

          ReferenceMap<Edge, T, T&, const T&>(em) {}

        ///Assignment operator

        template <typename CMap>

        EdgeMap& operator=(const CMap&) {

          checkConcept<ReadMap<Edge, T>, CMap>();

          return *this;

        }

      };

      /// \brief Gives back %true for red nodes.

      ///

      /// Gives back %true for red nodes.

      bool red(const Node&) const { return true; }

      /// \brief Gives back %true for blue nodes.

      ///

      /// Gives back %true for blue nodes.

      bool blue(const Node&) const { return true; }

      /// \brief Converts the node to red node object.

      ///

      /// This function converts unsafely the node to red node

      /// object. It should be called only if the node is from the red

      /// partition or INVALID.

      RedNode asRedNodeUnsafe(const Node&) const { return RedNode(); }

      /// \brief Converts the node to blue node object.

      ///

      /// This function converts unsafely the node to blue node

      /// object. It should be called only if the node is from the red

      /// partition or INVALID.

      BlueNode asBlueNodeUnsafe(const Node&) const { return BlueNode(); }