1.1 --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
1.2 +++ b/elsarticle/doc/elsdoc.tex Fri Nov 18 16:18:02 2016 +0100
1.3 @@ -0,0 +1,729 @@
1.4 +%%
1.5 +%% Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009 Elsevier Ltd
1.6 +%%
1.7 +%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
1.8 +%% ---------------------------------------------
1.9 +%%
1.10 +%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
1.11 +%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
1.12 +%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
1.13 +%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
1.14 +%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
1.15 +%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
1.16 +%%
1.17 +%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
1.18 +%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
1.19 +%%
1.20 +\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
1.21 +
1.22 +\usepackage[xcolor,qtwo]{rvdtx}
1.23 +\usepackage{multicol}
1.24 +\usepackage{color}
1.25 +\usepackage{xspace}
1.26 +\usepackage{pdfwidgets}
1.27 +\usepackage{enum}
1.28 +
1.29 +\def\ttdefault{cmtt}
1.30 +
1.31 +\headsep4pc
1.32 +
1.33 +\makeatletter
1.34 +\def\bs{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
1.35 +\def\lb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
1.36 +\def\rb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}
1.37 +\def\@pdfauthor{C.V.Radhakrishnan}
1.38 +\def\@pdftitle{elsarticle.cls -- A documentation}
1.39 +\def\@pdfsubject{Document formatting with elsarticle.cls}
1.40 +\def\@pdfkeywords{LaTeX, Elsevier Ltd, document class}
1.41 +\def\file#1{\textsf{#1}\xspace}
1.42 +
1.43 +%\def\LastPage{19}
1.44 +
1.45 +\DeclareRobustCommand{\LaTeX}{L\kern-.26em%
1.46 + {\sbox\z@ T%
1.47 + \vbox to\ht\z@{\hbox{\check@mathfonts
1.48 + \fontsize\sf@size\z@
1.49 + \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
1.50 + A\,}%
1.51 + \vss}%
1.52 + }%
1.53 + \kern-.15em%
1.54 + \TeX}
1.55 +\makeatother
1.56 +
1.57 +\def\figurename{Clip}
1.58 +
1.59 +\begin{document}
1.60 +
1.61 +\def\testa{This is a specimen document. }
1.62 +\def\testc{\testa\testa\testa\testa}
1.63 +\def\testb{\testc\testc\testc\testc\testc}
1.64 +\long\def\test{\testb\par\testb\par\testb\par}
1.65 +
1.66 +\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
1.67 +
1.68 +\title{elsarticle.cls -- A better way to format your document}
1.69 +
1.70 +\author{Elsevier Ltd}
1.71 +\contact{elsarticle@river-valley.com}
1.72 +
1.73 +\version{1.20}
1.74 +\date{\today}
1.75 +\maketitle
1.76 +
1.77 +\section{Introduction}
1.78 +%\hypertarget{introduction}{}
1.79 +
1.80 +\file{elsarticle.cls} is a thoroughly re-written document class
1.81 +for formatting \LaTeX{} submissions to Elsevier journals.
1.82 +The class uses the environments and commands defined in \LaTeX{} kernel
1.83 +without any change in the signature so that clashes with other
1.84 +contributed \LaTeX{} packages such as \file{hyperref.sty},
1.85 +\file{preview-latex.sty}, etc., will be minimal.
1.86 +\file{elsarticle.cls} is primarily built upon the default
1.87 +\file{article.cls}. This class depends on the following packages
1.88 +for its proper functioning:
1.89 +
1.90 +\begin{enumerate}
1.91 +\item \file{pifont.sty} for openstar in the title footnotes;
1.92 +\item \file{natbib.sty} for citation processing;
1.93 +\item \file{geometry.sty} for margin settings;
1.94 +\item \file{fleqn.clo} for left aligned equations;
1.95 +\item \file{graphicx.sty} for graphics inclusion;
1.96 +\item \file{txfonts.sty} optional font package, if the document is to
1.97 + be formatted with Times and compatible math fonts;
1.98 +\item \file{hyperref.sty} optional packages if hyperlinking is
1.99 + required in the document.
1.100 +
1.101 +\end{enumerate}
1.102 +
1.103 +All the above packages are part of any standard \LaTeX{} installation.
1.104 +Therefore, the users need not be bothered about downloading any
1.105 +extra packages. Furthermore, users are free to make use of \textsc{ams}
1.106 +math packages such as \file{amsmath.sty}, \file{amsthm.sty},
1.107 +\file{amssymb.sty}, \file{amsfonts.sty}, etc., if they want to. All
1.108 +these packages work in tandem with \file{elsarticle.cls} without
1.109 +any problems.
1.110 +
1.111 +\section{Major Differences}
1.112 +%\hypertarget{majordifferences}{}
1.113 +
1.114 +Following are the major differences between \file{elsarticle.cls}
1.115 +and its predecessor package, \file{elsart.cls}:
1.116 +
1.117 +\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
1.118 +\item \file{elsarticle.cls} is built upon \file{article.cls}
1.119 +while \file{elsart.cls} is not. \file{elsart.cls} redefines
1.120 +many of the commands in the \LaTeX{} classes/kernel, which can
1.121 +possibly cause surprising clashes with other contributed
1.122 +\LaTeX{} packages;
1.123 +
1.124 +\item provides preprint document formatting by default, and
1.125 +optionally formats the document as per the final
1.126 +style of models $1+$, $3+$ and $5+$ of Elsevier journals;
1.127 +
1.128 +\item some easier ways for formatting \verb+list+ and
1.129 +\verb+theorem+ environments are provided while people can still
1.130 +use \file{amsthm.sty} package;
1.131 +
1.132 +\item \file{natbib.sty} is the main citation processing package
1.133 + which can comprehensively handle all kinds of citations and
1.134 +works perfectly with \file{hyperref.sty} in combination with
1.135 +\file{hypernat.sty};
1.136 +
1.137 +\item long title pages are processed correctly in preprint and
1.138 + final formats.
1.139 +
1.140 +\end{enumerate}
1.141 +
1.142 +\section{Installation}
1.143 +%\hypertarget{installation}{}
1.144 +
1.145 +The package is available at author resources page at Elsevier
1.146 +(\url{http://www.elsevier.com/locate/latex}).
1.147 +It can also be found in any of the nodes of the Comprehensive
1.148 +\TeX{} Archive Network (\textsc{ctan}), one of the primary nodes
1.149 +being
1.150 +\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/elsevier/}.
1.151 +Please download the \file{elsarticle.dtx} which is a composite
1.152 +class with documentation and \file{elsarticle.ins} which is the
1.153 +\LaTeX{} installer file. When we compile the
1.154 +\file{elsarticle.ins} with \LaTeX{} it provides the class file,
1.155 +\file{elsarticle.cls} by
1.156 +stripping off all the documentation from the \verb+*.dtx+ file.
1.157 +The class may be moved or copied to a place, usually,
1.158 +\verb+$TEXMF/tex/latex/elsevier/+, %$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1.159 +or a folder which will be read
1.160 +by \LaTeX{} during document compilation. The \TeX{} file
1.161 +database needs updation after moving/copying class file. Usually,
1.162 +we use commands like \verb+mktexlsr+ or \verb+texhash+ depending
1.163 +upon the distribution and operating system.
1.164 +
1.165 +
1.166 +\section{Usage}\label{sec:usage}
1.167 +%\hypertarget{usage}{}
1.168 +The class should be loaded with the command:
1.169 +
1.170 +\begin{vquote}
1.171 + \documentclass[<options>]{elsarticle}
1.172 +\end{vquote}
1.173 +
1.174 +\noindent where the \verb+options+ can be the following:
1.175 +
1.176 +\begin{description}
1.177 +
1.178 +\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} preprint}] default option which format the
1.179 + document for submission to Elsevier journals.
1.180 +
1.181 +\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} review}] similar to the \verb+preprint+ option, but
1.182 + increases the baselineskip to facilitate easier review process.
1.183 +
1.184 +\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} 1p}] formats the article to the look and feel of the final
1.185 + format of model 1+ journals. This is always single column style.
1.186 +
1.187 +\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} 3p}] formats the article to the look and feel of the final
1.188 + format of model 3+ journals. If the journal is a two column
1.189 +model, use \verb+twocolumn+ option in combination.
1.190 +
1.191 +\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} 5p}] formats for model 5+ journals. This is always
1.192 + of two column style.
1.193 +
1.194 +\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} authoryear}] author-year citation style of
1.195 + \file{natbib.sty}. If you want to add extra options of
1.196 +\file{natbib.sty}, you may use the options as comma delimited
1.197 +strings as arguments to \verb+\biboptions+ command. An example
1.198 +would be:
1.199 +\end{description}
1.200 +\begin{vquote}
1.201 + \biboptions{longnamesfirst,angle,semicolon}
1.202 +\end{vquote}
1.203 +
1.204 +\begin{description}
1.205 +\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} number}] numbered citation style. Extra options
1.206 + can be loaded with\linebreak \verb+\biboptions+ command.
1.207 +
1.208 +\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} sort\&compress}] sorts and compresses the
1.209 +numbered citations. For example, citation [1,2,3] will become [1--3].
1.210 +
1.211 +\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} longtitle}] if front matter is unusually long, use
1.212 + this option to split the title page across pages with the correct
1.213 +placement of title and author footnotes in the first page.
1.214 +
1.215 +\item [{\tt\color{verbcolor} times}] loads \file{txfonts.sty}, if available in
1.216 + the system to use Times and compatible math fonts.
1.217 +
1.218 +\item[] All options of \file{article.cls} can be used with this
1.219 + document class.
1.220 +
1.221 +\item[] The default options loaded are \verb+a4paper+, \verb+10pt+,
1.222 + \verb+oneside+, \verb+onecolumn+ and \verb+preprint+.
1.223 +
1.224 +\end{description}
1.225 +
1.226 +\section{Frontmatter}
1.227 +%\hypertarget{preamble}{}
1.228 +
1.229 +There are two types of frontmatter coding:
1.230 +\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
1.231 +\item each author is
1.232 +connected to an affiliation with a footnote marker; hence all
1.233 +authors are grouped together and affiliations follow;
1.234 +\item authors of same affiliations are grouped together and the
1.235 +relevant affiliation follows this group. An example coding of the first
1.236 +type is provided below.
1.237 +\end{enumerate}
1.238 +
1.239 +\begin{vquote}
1.240 + \title{This is a specimen title\tnoteref{t1,t2}}
1.241 + \tnotetext[t1]{This document is a collaborative effort.}
1.242 + \tnotetext[t2]{The second title footnote which is a longer
1.243 + longer than the first one and with an intention to fill
1.244 + in up more than one line while formatting.}
1.245 +\end{vquote}
1.246 +
1.247 +\begin{vquote}
1.248 + \author[rvt]{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
1.249 + \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
1.250 +
1.251 + \author[rvt,focal]{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
1.252 + \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
1.253 +
1.254 + \author[els]{S.~Pepping\corref{cor2}\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
1.255 + \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
1.256 +\end{vquote}
1.257 +
1.258 +\begin{vquote}
1.259 + \cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
1.260 + \cortext[cor2]{Principal corresponding author}
1.261 + \fntext[fn1]{This is the specimen author footnote.}
1.262 + \fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, but a little more
1.263 + longer.}
1.264 + \fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote. Indeed, you can have
1.265 + any number of author footnotes.}
1.266 +
1.267 + \address[rvt]{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
1.268 + Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
1.269 + \address[focal]{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court,
1.270 + Kennford, Exeter, United Kingdom}
1.271 + \address[els]{Central Application Management,
1.272 + Elsevier, Radarweg 29, 1043 NX\\
1.273 + Amsterdam, Netherlands}
1.274 +
1.275 +\end{vquote}
1.276 +
1.277 +The output of the above TeX source is given in Clips~\ref{clip1} and
1.278 +\ref{clip2}. The header portion or title area is given in Clip~\ref{clip1} and
1.279 +the footer area is given in Clip~\ref{clip2}.
1.280 +
1.281 +\vspace*{6pt}
1.282 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.283 +\src{Header of the title page.}
1.284 +\includeclip{1}{132 571 481 690}{els1.pdf}
1.285 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.286 +
1.287 +%\vspace*{6pt}
1.288 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.289 +\src{Footer of the title page.}
1.290 +\includeclip{1}{122 129 481 237}{els1.pdf}
1.291 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.292 +\pagebreak
1.293 +
1.294 +Most of the commands such as \verb+\title+, \verb+\author+,
1.295 +\verb+\address+ are self explanatory. Various components are
1.296 +linked to each other by a label--reference mechanism; for
1.297 +instance, title footnote is linked to the title with a footnote
1.298 +mark generated by referring to the \verb+\label+ string of
1.299 +the \verb=\tnotetext=. We have used similar commands
1.300 +such as \verb=\tnoteref= (to link title note to title);
1.301 +\verb=\corref= (to link corresponding author text to
1.302 +corresponding author); \verb=\fnref= (to link footnote text to
1.303 +the relevant author names). \TeX{} needs two compilations to
1.304 +resolve the footnote marks in the preamble part.
1.305 +Given below are the syntax of various note marks and note texts.
1.306 +
1.307 +\begin{vquote}
1.308 + \tnoteref{<label(s)>}
1.309 + \corref{<label(s)>}
1.310 + \fnref{<label(s)>}
1.311 + \tnotetext[<label>]{<title note text>}
1.312 + \cortext[<label>]{<corresponding author note text>}
1.313 + \fntext[<label>]{<author footnote text>}
1.314 +\end{vquote}
1.315 +
1.316 +\noindent where \verb=<label(s)>= can be either one or more comma
1.317 +delimited label strings. The optional arguments to the
1.318 +\verb=\author= command holds the ref label(s) of the address(es)
1.319 +to which the author is affiliated while each \verb=\address=
1.320 +command can have an optional argument of a label. In the same
1.321 +manner, \verb=\tnotetext=, \verb=\fntext=, \verb=\cortext= will
1.322 +have optional arguments as their respective labels and note text
1.323 +as their mandatory argument.
1.324 +
1.325 +The following example code provides the markup of the second type
1.326 +of author-affiliation.
1.327 +%as seen in the output given in the
1.328 +%box to the right.
1.329 +%\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}
1.330 +% \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els2.pdf}%
1.331 +% \def\rulecolor{orange}}
1.332 +
1.333 +\begin{vquote}
1.334 +\author{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
1.335 + \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
1.336 + \address{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
1.337 + Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
1.338 +\end{vquote}
1.339 +
1.340 +\begin{vquote}
1.341 +\author{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
1.342 + \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
1.343 + \address{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court, Kennford,
1.344 + Exeter, UK.}
1.345 +\end{vquote}
1.346 +
1.347 +\begin{vquote}
1.348 +\author{S.~Pepping\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
1.349 + \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
1.350 + \address{Central Application Management,
1.351 + Elsevier, Radarweg 43, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands}
1.352 +\end{vquote}
1.353 +
1.354 +\begin{vquote}
1.355 +\cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
1.356 +\fntext[fn1]{This is the first author footnote.}
1.357 +\fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, this is a very long
1.358 + footnote and it should be a really long footnote. But this
1.359 + footnote is not yet sufficiently long enough to make two lines
1.360 + of footnote text.}
1.361 +\fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote.}
1.362 +\end{vquote}
1.363 +
1.364 +The output of the above TeX source is given in Clip~\ref{clip3}.
1.365 +
1.366 +\vspace*{12pt}
1.367 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.368 +\src{Header of the title page..}
1.369 +\includeclip{1}{132 491 481 690}{els2.pdf}
1.370 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.371 +
1.372 +
1.373 +The frontmatter part has further environments such as abstracts and
1.374 +keywords. These can be marked up in the following
1.375 +manner:
1.376 +
1.377 +%\verb+\begin{abstract}+ \dots \verb+\end{abstract}+ and
1.378 +%\verb+\begin{keyword}+ \verb+...+ \verb+\end{keyword}+ which
1.379 +%contain the abstract and keywords respectively.
1.380 +
1.381 +\begin{vquote}
1.382 + \begin{abstract}
1.383 + In this work we demonstrate the formation of a new type of
1.384 + polariton on the interface between a ....
1.385 + \end{abstract}
1.386 +\end{vquote}
1.387 +
1.388 +\begin{vquote}
1.389 + \begin{keyword}
1.390 + quadruple exiton \sep polariton \sep WGM
1.391 +
1.392 + \PACS 71.35.-y \sep 71.35.Lk \sep 71.36.+c
1.393 + \end{keyword}
1.394 +\end{vquote}
1.395 +
1.396 +\noindent Each keyword shall be separated by a \verb+\sep+ command.
1.397 +\textsc{pacs} and \textsc{msc} classifications shall be provided in
1.398 +the keyword environment with the commands \verb+\PACS+ and
1.399 +\verb+\MSC+ respectively. \verb+\MSC+ accepts an optional
1.400 +argument to accommodate future revisions.
1.401 +eg., \verb=\MSC[2008]=. The default is 2000.\looseness=-1
1.402 +
1.403 +
1.404 +\section{Floats}
1.405 +{Figures} may be included using the command, \verb+\includegraphics+ in
1.406 +combination with or without its several options to further control
1.407 +graphic. \verb+\includegraphics+ is provided by \file{graphic[s,x].sty}
1.408 +which is part of any standard \LaTeX{} distribution.
1.409 +\file{graphicx.sty} is loaded by default. \LaTeX{} accepts figures in
1.410 +the postscript format while pdf\LaTeX{} accepts \file{*.pdf},
1.411 +\file{*.mps} (metapost), \file{*.jpg} and \file{*.png} formats.
1.412 +pdf\LaTeX{} does not accept graphic files in the postscript format.
1.413 +
1.414 +The \verb+table+ environment is handy for marking up tabular
1.415 +material. If users want to use \file{multirow.sty},
1.416 +\file{array.sty}, etc., to fine control/enhance the tables, they
1.417 +are welcome to load any package of their choice and
1.418 +\file{elsarticle.cls} will work in combination with all loaded
1.419 +packages.
1.420 +
1.421 +\section[Theorem and ...]{Theorem and theorem like environments}
1.422 +
1.423 +\file{elsarticle.cls} provides a few shortcuts to format theorems and
1.424 +theorem-like environments with ease. In all commands the options that
1.425 +are used with the \verb+\newtheorem+ command will work exactly in the same
1.426 +manner. \file{elsarticle.cls} provides three commands to format theorem or
1.427 +theorem-like environments:
1.428 +
1.429 +\begin{vquote}
1.430 + \newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
1.431 + \newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma}
1.432 + \newdefinition{rmk}{Remark}
1.433 + \newproof{pf}{Proof}
1.434 + \newproof{pot}{Proof of Theorem \ref{thm2}}
1.435 +\end{vquote}
1.436 +
1.437 +The \verb+\newtheorem+ command formats a
1.438 +theorem in \LaTeX's default style with italicized font, bold font
1.439 +for theorem heading and theorem number at the right hand side of the
1.440 +theorem heading. It also optionally accepts an argument which
1.441 +will be printed as an extra heading in parentheses.
1.442 +
1.443 +\begin{vquote}
1.444 + \begin{thm}
1.445 + For system (8), consensus can be achieved with $\|T_{\omega z}$
1.446 + ...
1.447 + \begin{eqnarray}\label{10}
1.448 + ....
1.449 + \end{eqnarray}
1.450 + \end{thm}
1.451 +\end{vquote}
1.452 +
1.453 +Clip~\ref{clip4} will show you how some text enclosed between the
1.454 +above code looks like:
1.455 +
1.456 +\vspace*{6pt}
1.457 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.458 +\src{{\ttfamily\color{verbcolor}\bs newtheorem}}
1.459 +\includeclip{2}{1 1 453 120}{jfigs.pdf}
1.460 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.461 +
1.462 +The \verb+\newdefinition+ command is the same in
1.463 +all respects as its\linebreak \verb+\newtheorem+ counterpart except that
1.464 +the font shape is roman instead of italic. Both
1.465 +\verb+\newdefinition+ and \verb+\newtheorem+ commands
1.466 +automatically define counters for the environments defined.
1.467 +
1.468 +\vspace*{12pt}
1.469 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.470 +\src{{\ttfamily\color{verbcolor}\bs newdefinition}}
1.471 +\includeclip{1}{1 1 453 105}{jfigs.pdf}
1.472 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.473 +
1.474 +The \verb+\newproof+ command defines proof environments with
1.475 +upright font shape. No counters are defined.
1.476 +
1.477 +\vspace*{6pt}
1.478 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.479 +\src{{\ttfamily\color{verbcolor}\bs newproof}}
1.480 +\includeclip{3}{1 1 453 65}{jfigs.pdf}
1.481 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.482 +
1.483 +Users can also make use of \verb+amsthm.sty+ which will override
1.484 +all the default definitions described above.
1.485 +
1.486 +\section[Enumerated ...]{Enumerated and Itemized Lists}
1.487 +\file{elsarticle.cls} provides an extended list processing macros
1.488 +which makes the usage a bit more user friendly than the default
1.489 +\LaTeX{} list macros. With an optional argument to the
1.490 +\verb+\begin{enumerate}+ command, you can change the list counter
1.491 +type and its attributes.
1.492 +
1.493 +\begin{vquote}
1.494 + \begin{enumerate}[1.]
1.495 + \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
1.496 + argument `1.', so that the item counter will be suffixed
1.497 + by a period.
1.498 + \item You can use `a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
1.499 + roman counter.
1.500 + \begin{enumerate}[a)]
1.501 + \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
1.502 + \item One more item before we start another.
1.503 + \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
1.504 + \item This item has roman numeral counter.
1.505 + \item Another one before we close the third level.
1.506 + \end{enumerate}
1.507 + \item Third item in second level.
1.508 + \end{enumerate}
1.509 + \item All list items conclude with this step.
1.510 + \end{enumerate}
1.511 +\end{vquote}
1.512 +
1.513 +\vspace*{12pt}
1.514 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.515 +\src{List -- Enumerate}
1.516 +\includeclip{4}{1 1 453 185}{jfigs.pdf}
1.517 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.518 +
1.519 +
1.520 +Further, the enhanced list environment allows one to prefix a
1.521 +string like `step' to all the item numbers. Take a look at the
1.522 +example below:
1.523 +
1.524 +\begin{vquote}
1.525 + \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
1.526 + \item This is the first step of the example list.
1.527 + \item Obviously this is the second step.
1.528 + \item The final step to wind up this example.
1.529 + \end{enumerate}
1.530 +\end{vquote}
1.531 +
1.532 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.533 +\src{List -- enhanced}
1.534 +\includeclip{5}{1 1 313 83}{jfigs.pdf}
1.535 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.536 +
1.537 +\vspace*{-18pt}
1.538 +
1.539 +\section{Cross-references}
1.540 +In electronic publications, articles may be internally
1.541 +hyperlinked. Hyperlinks are generated from proper
1.542 +cross-references in the article. For example, the words
1.543 +\textcolor{black!80}{Fig.~1} will never be more than simple text,
1.544 +whereas the proper cross-reference \verb+\ref{tiger}+ may be
1.545 +turned into a hyperlink to the figure itself:
1.546 +\textcolor{blue}{Fig.~1}. In the same way,
1.547 +the words \textcolor{blue}{Ref.~[1]} will fail to turn into a
1.548 +hyperlink; the proper cross-reference is \verb+\cite{Knuth96}+.
1.549 +Cross-referencing is possible in \LaTeX{} for sections,
1.550 +subsections, formulae, figures, tables, and literature
1.551 +references.
1.552 +
1.553 +\section[Mathematical ...]{Mathematical symbols and formulae}
1.554 +
1.555 +Many physical/mathematical sciences authors require more
1.556 +mathematical symbols than the few that are provided in standard
1.557 +\LaTeX. A useful package for additional symbols is the
1.558 +\file{amssymb} package, developed by the American Mathematical
1.559 +Society. This package includes such oft-used symbols as
1.560 +$\lesssim$ (\verb+\lesssim+), $\gtrsim$ (\verb+\gtrsim+) or
1.561 +$\hbar$ (\verb+\hbar+). Note that your \TeX{}
1.562 +system should have the \file{msam} and \file{msbm} fonts installed. If
1.563 +you need only a few symbols, such as $\Box$ (\verb+\Box+), you might try the
1.564 +package \file{latexsym}.
1.565 +
1.566 +Another point which would require authors' attention is the
1.567 +breaking up of long equations. When you use
1.568 +\file{elsarticle.cls} for formatting your submissions in the
1.569 +\verb+preprint+ mode, the document is formatted in single column
1.570 +style with a text width of 384pt or 5.3in. When this document is
1.571 +formatted for final print and if the journal happens to be a double column
1.572 +journal, the text width will be reduced to 224pt at for 3+
1.573 +double column and 5+ journals respectively. All the nifty
1.574 +fine-tuning in equation breaking done by the author goes to waste in
1.575 +such cases. Therefore, authors are requested to check this
1.576 +problem by typesetting their submissions in final format as well
1.577 +just to see if their equations are broken at appropriate places,
1.578 +by changing appropriate options in the document class loading
1.579 +command, which is explained in section~\ref{sec:usage},
1.580 +\nameref{sec:usage}. This allows authors to fix any equation breaking
1.581 +problem before submission for publication.
1.582 +\file{elsarticle.cls} supports formatting the author submission
1.583 +in different types of final format. This is further discussed in
1.584 +section \ref{sec:final}, \nameref{sec:final}.
1.585 +
1.586 +\section{Bibliography}
1.587 +
1.588 +Three bibliographic style files (\verb+*.bst+) are provided ---
1.589 +\file{elsarticle-num.bst}, \file{elsarticle-num-names.bst} and
1.590 +\file{elsarticle-harv.bst} --- the first one for the numbered scheme, the
1.591 +second for the numbered with new options of \file{natbib.sty} and the
1.592 +last one for the author year scheme.
1.593 +
1.594 +In \LaTeX{} literature, references are listed in the
1.595 +\verb+thebibliography+ environment. Each reference is a
1.596 +\verb+\bibitem+ and each \verb+\bibitem+ is identified by a label,
1.597 +by which it can be cited in the text:
1.598 +
1.599 +\verb+\bibitem[Elson et al.(1996)]{ESG96}+ is cited as
1.600 +\verb+\citet{ESG96}+.
1.601 +
1.602 +\noindent In connection with cross-referencing and
1.603 +possible future hyperlinking it is not a good idea to collect
1.604 +more that one literature item in one \verb+\bibitem+. The
1.605 +so-called Harvard or author-year style of referencing is enabled
1.606 +by the \LaTeX{} package \file{natbib}. With this package the
1.607 +literature can be cited as follows:
1.608 +
1.609 +\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
1.610 +\item Parenthetical: \verb+\citep{WB96}+ produces (Wettig \& Brown, 1996).
1.611 +\item Textual: \verb+\citet{ESG96}+ produces Elson et al. (1996).
1.612 +\item An affix and part of a reference:
1.613 +\verb+\citep[e.g.][Ch. 2]{Gea97}+ produces (e.g. Governato et
1.614 +al., 1997, Ch. 2).
1.615 +\end{enumerate}
1.616 +
1.617 +In the numbered scheme of citation, \verb+\cite{<label>}+ is used,
1.618 +since \verb+\citep+ or \verb+\citet+ has no relevance in the numbered
1.619 +scheme. \file{natbib} package is loaded by \file{elsarticle} with
1.620 +\verb+numbers+ as default option. You can change this to author-year
1.621 +or harvard scheme by adding option \verb+authoryear+ in the class
1.622 +loading command. If you want to use more options of the \file{natbib}
1.623 +package, you can do so with the \verb+\biboptions+ command, which is
1.624 +described in the section \ref{sec:usage}, \nameref{sec:usage}. For
1.625 +details of various options of the \file{natbib} package, please take a
1.626 +look at the \file{natbib} documentation, which is part of any standard
1.627 +\LaTeX{} installation.
1.628 +
1.629 +\subsection*{Displayed equations and double column journals}
1.630 +
1.631 +Many Elsevier journals print their text in two columns. Since
1.632 +the preprint layout uses a larger line width than such columns,
1.633 +the formulae are too wide for the line width in print. Here is an
1.634 +example of an equation (see equation 6) which is perfect in a
1.635 +single column preprint format:
1.636 +
1.637 +\bigskip
1.638 +\setlength\Sep{6pt}
1.639 +\src{See equation (6)}
1.640 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.641 +\includeclip{4}{134 391 483 584}{els1.pdf}
1.642 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.643 +
1.644 +\noindent When this document is typeset for publication in a
1.645 +model 3+ journal with double columns, the equation will overlap
1.646 +the second column text matter if the equation is not broken at
1.647 +the appropriate location.
1.648 +
1.649 +\vspace*{6pt}
1.650 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.651 +\src{See equation (6) overprints into second column}
1.652 +\includeclip{3}{61 531 532 734}{els-3pd.pdf}
1.653 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.654 +
1.655 +\pagebreak
1.656 +
1.657 +\noindent The typesetter will try to break the equation which
1.658 +need not necessarily be to the liking of the author or as it
1.659 +happens, typesetter's break point may be semantically incorrect.
1.660 +Therefore, authors may check their submissions for the incidence
1.661 +of such long equations and break the equations at the correct
1.662 +places so that the final typeset copy will be as they wish.
1.663 +
1.664 +\section{Final print}\label{sec:final}
1.665 +
1.666 +The authors can format their submission to the page size and margins
1.667 +of their preferred journal. \file{elsarticle} provides four
1.668 +class options for the same. But it does not mean that using these
1.669 +options you can emulate the exact page layout of the final print copy.
1.670 +\lmrgn=3em
1.671 +\begin{description}
1.672 +\item [\texttt{1p}:] $1+$ journals with a text area of
1.673 +384pt $\times$ 562pt or 13.5cm $\times$ 19.75cm or 5.3in $\times$
1.674 +7.78in, single column style only.
1.675 +
1.676 +\item [\texttt{3p}:] $3+$ journals with a text area of 468pt
1.677 +$\times$ 622pt or 16.45cm $\times$ 21.9cm or 6.5in $\times$
1.678 +8.6in, single column style.
1.679 +
1.680 +\item [\texttt{twocolumn}:] should be used along with 3p option if the
1.681 +journal is $3+$ with the same text area as above, but double column
1.682 +style.
1.683 +
1.684 +\item [\texttt{5p}:] $5+$ with text area of 522pt $\times$
1.685 +682pt or 18.35cm $\times$ 24cm or 7.22in $\times$ 9.45in,
1.686 +double column style only.
1.687 +\end{description}
1.688 +
1.689 +Following pages have the clippings of different parts of
1.690 +the title page of different journal models typeset in final
1.691 +format.
1.692 +
1.693 +Model $1+$ and $3+$ will have the same look and
1.694 +feel in the typeset copy when presented in this document. That is
1.695 +also the case with the double column $3+$ and $5+$ journal article
1.696 +pages. The only difference will be wider text width of
1.697 +higher models. Therefore we will look at the
1.698 +different portions of a typical single column journal page and
1.699 +that of a double column article in the final format.
1.700 +
1.701 +\vspace*{2pc}
1.702 +
1.703 +\begin{center}
1.704 +\hypertarget{bsc}{}
1.705 +\hyperlink{sc}{
1.706 +{\bf [Specimen single column article -- Click here]}
1.707 +}
1.708 +
1.709 +\vspace*{2pc}
1.710 +
1.711 +\hypertarget{bsc}{}
1.712 +\hyperlink{dc}{
1.713 +{\bf [Specimen double column article -- Click here]}
1.714 +}
1.715 +\end{center}
1.716 +
1.717 +\newpage
1.718 +\vspace*{-2pc}
1.719 +\src{}\hypertarget{sc}{}
1.720 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.721 +\hyperlink{bsc}{\includeclip{1}{121 81 497 670}{els1.pdf}}
1.722 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.723 +
1.724 +
1.725 +\newpage
1.726 +
1.727 +\src{}\hypertarget{dc}{}
1.728 +\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
1.729 +\hyperlink{bsc}{\includeclip{1}{55 93 535 738}{els-3pd.pdf}}
1.730 +\def\rulecolor{orange}
1.731 +
1.732 +\end{document}